{"title":"Metzgar, J. (2021) Bridging the Divide: Working-Class Culture in a Middle-Class Society. ILR Press.","authors":"Christie Launius","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v7i1.7245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v7i1.7245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116637821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bell, K. (2020). Working-Class Environmentalism: An Agenda for a Just and Fair Transition to Sustainability. Palgrave Macmillan","authors":"J. Westerman","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126824447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damaske, S. (2021) The Tolls of Uncertainty: How Privilege and the Guilt Gap Shape Unemployment in America. Princeton University Press","authors":"R. Francis","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130790729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fake Italian is a quintessentially American, quintessentially twentieth-century bildungsroman. Damien Cavalieri, its protagonist, is haunted by the feeling that he is a ‘fake Italian.’ He had no Italian-American friends in his elementary school, despite Staten Island’s being a New York City borough heavily populated by Italian-Americans. As Damien reaches adulthood he comes to terms with his ethnic background, as well as with other crucial identity questions, such as masculinity and intellectuality.
{"title":"DiPaolo, M. (2021) Fake Italian: An 83% True Autobiography with Pseudonyms and Some Tall Tales. Bordighera Press","authors":"Michelle M. Tokarczyk","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6853","url":null,"abstract":"Fake Italian is a quintessentially American, quintessentially twentieth-century bildungsroman. Damien Cavalieri, its protagonist, is haunted by the feeling that he is a ‘fake Italian.’ He had no Italian-American friends in his elementary school, despite Staten Island’s being a New York City borough heavily populated by Italian-Americans. As Damien reaches adulthood he comes to terms with his ethnic background, as well as with other crucial identity questions, such as masculinity and intellectuality.","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125212609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.
{"title":"Running head: Bail, Reform, and Foucault’s Dangerous Individual","authors":"W. Wright","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6831","url":null,"abstract":"Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123688481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economy vs. ecology. That’s one way to frame the debate that once raged in Youngstown, Ohio, between those who focused on the health of the Mahoning River and those who gave priority to the health of the local economy and the jobs it provided. The latter point of view was often stated in terms of ‘Jobs, not fish!’ and its proponents asked: Compared to jobs in steel mills, which make it possible for workers to have homes and a decent way of life, what does it matter that fish can’t live in the river? Initially, the steel industry benefitted a surprisingly small number of people, mostly owners and investors who treated workers as a resource to be exploited, much like the air and water. But later, thanks to union struggles, workers lived well in the Mahoning Valley, and environmental problems, such as a dirty river, were viewed as a necessary evil. In fact, the foulness of the river assured residents that the mills were going strong and were a source of prosperity. In Youngstown today, deindustrialization has made economic insecurity a fact of life, and the Mahoning, once known as the dirtiest river in the United States, is home to many species of fish. The story of the changes that have taken place in the river landscape centers around the supposed incompatibility of having both jobs along the river’s banks and fish in its waters. Ideas from cultural geography can teach us how to view a landscape where so much conflict has played out. When geographer James S. Duncan presented the idea of a landscape as texts which communicate and transmit information, he also argued that reading the landscape can reveal how power relations have played out in a given region. Sherry Lee Linkon and John Russo built on similar notions in Steeltown USA: Work and Memory in Youngstown as they showed how people's memories, experiences, and struggles are represented in the landscape. Linkon & Russo also noted that conflict and landscape have a reciprocal relationship. ‘Landscapes not only are constructed by economic and social conflict,’ they stated, ‘but also reinforce such divisions of power.’ ( Linkon & Russo, 2002, pp. 15-16). Such a reading of the Mahoning River landscape yields a complex story about the ways people transformed the natural world in order to benefit from it and then lived with the environmental consequences of that transformation. Though this story is very much about how power and class relations have played out there, in the twentieth century such conflict was often overshadowed by tensions between advocates for steel workers and advocates for the river. Recently, however, the growing understanding of the concept of environmental justice, which has been applied to working-class issues by, among others, Christina Robertson & Jennifer Westerman in their call for a working-class ecology (Robertson & Westerman, 2015) and Karen Bell in her agenda for a just transition to sustainability (Bell, 2020), lays the groundwork for alliances between environmentali
经济vs生态。这是俄亥俄州扬斯敦曾经激烈争论的一种方式，争论的焦点是马霍宁河的健康，而另一些人则优先考虑当地经济的健康及其提供的就业机会。后一种观点通常以“工作，不是鱼!”它的支持者问:钢厂的工作使工人有可能拥有住房和体面的生活方式，相比之下，鱼不能在河里生活又有什么关系呢?最初，钢铁行业受益的人少得惊人，他们大多是将工人视为可开采资源的所有者和投资者，就像空气和水一样。但后来，由于工会的斗争，工人们在Mahoning山谷生活得很好，而环境问题，如肮脏的河流，被视为不可避免的祸害。事实上，河水的污浊使居民确信，这些工厂正在茁壮成长，是繁荣的源泉。在今天的扬斯敦，去工业化已经使经济不安全成为生活的现实，而曾经被称为美国最脏的马霍宁河是许多鱼类的家园。关于河流景观发生变化的故事，主要围绕着在河岸上工作和在河里捕鱼的所谓不相容展开。文化地理学的思想可以教会我们如何看待一个有着如此多冲突的地方。地理学家詹姆斯·s·邓肯(James S. Duncan)提出景观作为交流和传递信息的文本的观点时，他还认为，阅读景观可以揭示特定地区的权力关系是如何发生的。雪莉·李·林肯和约翰·罗素在《美国钢铁城:扬斯敦的工作与记忆》一书中建立了类似的概念，他们展示了人们的记忆、经历和挣扎是如何在景观中表现出来的。Linkon & Russo还指出，冲突和景观具有相互关系。“景观不仅是由经济和社会冲突构成的，”他们说，“而且还强化了这种权力划分。”(Linkon & Russo, 2002，第15-16页)。对马洪宁河景观的这样一种解读产生了一个复杂的故事，关于人们如何改变自然世界以从中受益，然后生活在这种转变的环境后果中。尽管这个故事在很大程度上是关于权力和阶级关系是如何在那里发挥作用的，但在20世纪，这种冲突往往被钢铁工人的支持者和河流的支持者之间的紧张关系所掩盖。然而，最近，人们对环境正义概念的理解日益加深，环境正义概念已被应用于工人阶级问题，其中包括克里斯蒂娜·罗伯逊和詹妮弗·韦斯特曼在他们呼吁工人阶级生态(罗伯逊和韦斯特曼，2015年)和凯伦·贝尔在她向可持续性过渡的议程中(贝尔，2020年)。为环境保护主义者和工人阶级之间的联盟奠定了基础，这在马霍宁河还是一条“工业河流”时是不存在的。文化地理学家也向我们表明，对景观的描绘有助于其意义。基于这样的想法，Linkon & Russo通过图像和故事的镜头检查了扬斯敦的景观，这篇文章将通过检查自20世纪初以来在扬斯敦或附近创作的十几张照片来查看更具体的马霍宁河景观。并非所有这些照片都描绘了河流本身，但它们都有助于阐明经济与生态之间的冲突是如何在马霍宁河谷上演的。
{"title":"A Dozen Images Made in or Near Youngstown, Ohio, That Show Why People Need Both Jobs and Fish","authors":"Alice Whittenburg","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6839","url":null,"abstract":"Economy vs. ecology. That’s one way to frame the debate that once raged in Youngstown, Ohio, between those who focused on the health of the Mahoning River and those who gave priority to the health of the local economy and the jobs it provided. The latter point of view was often stated in terms of ‘Jobs, not fish!’ and its proponents asked: Compared to jobs in steel mills, which make it possible for workers to have homes and a decent way of life, what does it matter that fish can’t live in the river? Initially, the steel industry benefitted a surprisingly small number of people, mostly owners and investors who treated workers as a resource to be exploited, much like the air and water. But later, thanks to union struggles, workers lived well in the Mahoning Valley, and environmental problems, such as a dirty river, were viewed as a necessary evil. In fact, the foulness of the river assured residents that the mills were going strong and were a source of prosperity. In Youngstown today, deindustrialization has made economic insecurity a fact of life, and the Mahoning, once known as the dirtiest river in the United States, is home to many species of fish. The story of the changes that have taken place in the river landscape centers around the supposed incompatibility of having both jobs along the river’s banks and fish in its waters. Ideas from cultural geography can teach us how to view a landscape where so much conflict has played out. \u0000When geographer James S. Duncan presented the idea of a landscape as texts which communicate and transmit information, he also argued that reading the landscape can reveal how power relations have played out in a given region. Sherry Lee Linkon and John Russo built on similar notions in Steeltown USA: Work and Memory in Youngstown as they showed how people's memories, experiences, and struggles are represented in the landscape. Linkon & Russo also noted that conflict and landscape have a reciprocal relationship. ‘Landscapes not only are constructed by economic and social conflict,’ they stated, ‘but also reinforce such divisions of power.’ ( Linkon & Russo, 2002, pp. 15-16). Such a reading of the Mahoning River landscape yields a complex story about the ways people transformed the natural world in order to benefit from it and then lived with the environmental consequences of that transformation. Though this story is very much about how power and class relations have played out there, in the twentieth century such conflict was often overshadowed by tensions between advocates for steel workers and advocates for the river. Recently, however, the growing understanding of the concept of environmental justice, which has been applied to working-class issues by, among others, Christina Robertson & Jennifer Westerman in their call for a working-class ecology (Robertson & Westerman, 2015) and Karen Bell in her agenda for a just transition to sustainability (Bell, 2020), lays the groundwork for alliances between environmentali","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116041975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daniels, J. (2021) Gun/Shy. Wayne State University Press","authors":"William E. Degenaro","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122091785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carby, H. (2019) Imperial Intimacies: A Tale of Two Islands. Verso","authors":"J. Daniel","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"803 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128000091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite an increasing focus on the impact of class in higher education, less has been said about the experiences of those working-class people who navigate from student to scholar. In the largest interview study to date, conducted in the United Kingdom, this paper draws upon extensive qualitative interview data with ninety working-class academics. This article highlights the hostile encounters faced by these academics but also illuminates the forms of capital and the assets they bring to academia. The article suggests how we can move forward before providing a reminder that the working class should not be viewed by their supposed deficits (real or imaginary).
{"title":"Navigating Academia as a Working-Class Academic","authors":"T. Crew","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6833","url":null,"abstract":"Despite an increasing focus on the impact of class in higher education, less has been said about the experiences of those working-class people who navigate from student to scholar. In the largest interview study to date, conducted in the United Kingdom, this paper draws upon extensive qualitative interview data with ninety working-class academics. This article highlights the hostile encounters faced by these academics but also illuminates the forms of capital and the assets they bring to academia. The article suggests how we can move forward before providing a reminder that the working class should not be viewed by their supposed deficits (real or imaginary).","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131009147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nurse T. with Sheard, T. (2020) A Pandemic Nurse’s Diary. Hard Ball Press","authors":"J. Bryner","doi":"10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v6i2.6857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":258091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Working-Class Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124846316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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