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Problems and possibilities for Swedish working-class literature in a neoliberal age 新自由主义时代瑞典工人阶级文学的问题与可能性
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8043
M. Gustafson
In recent decades, inequality has increased in Sweden. The increasing gaps are connected with policies that are often called neoliberal. How does working-class literature relate to these social problems and what literary possibilities does it open up? In this article I discuss these questions based on some literary examples from Swedish contemporary working-class literature. These literary examples have attracted much attention. My perspective is that I see working-class literature as literature with a distinct use value and a literature that has specific functions in the working-class literature context (Felski, 2008). Kristian Lundberg, Johan Jönson and Jenny Wrangborg all give personal accounts from workplaces. Such can be valuable. The problem with Lundberg and Jönson is that they tend to be introverted and egocentric. Especially Lundberg lacks the class perspective. Perhaps Lundberg’s Yarden (The Yard, 2009) should be described as confessional literature rather than working-class literature. With Susanna Alakoski the working-class is hidden behind the concept of poverty. The working-class as actor is absent. The labor movement as well. Instead, it is the middle class who appear as actor. Through the role of jester, Jönson makes class society visible. The role of jester could be seen as a specific rhetorical strategy and a literary device to create a distancing effect, or Verfremdungseffekt. Wrangborg connects to the legacy of early working-class literature with struggle poems. From within the workplace she describes work situations and experiences of class. Emil Boss takes a close look at language and concepts in a postpolitical age when old concepts have changed meaning. It is a crucial task for working-class literature to explain, interpret and examine old concepts that have changed meaning in a new political era, when the labor movement has lost contact with previous ideals and social democratic governments pursue rightwing politics, thus making it difficult to distinguish between left and right. 
近几十年来,瑞典的不平等现象有所加剧。不断扩大的差距与通常被称为新自由主义的政策有关。工人阶级文学是如何与这些社会问题联系在一起的?它开启了什么样的文学可能性?本文以瑞典当代工人阶级文学为例,探讨这些问题。这些文学例子引起了人们的广泛关注。我的观点是,我认为工人阶级文学是具有独特使用价值的文学,是在工人阶级文学语境中具有特定功能的文学(Felski, 2008)。克里斯蒂安·伦德伯格(Kristian Lundberg)、约翰·Jönson和珍妮·朗伯格(Jenny Wrangborg)都提供了工作场所的个人账户。这是有价值的。伦德伯格和Jönson的问题在于,他们倾向于内向和以自我为中心。尤其是伦德伯格缺乏阶级视角。也许伦德伯格的《院子》(The Yard, 2009)应该被描述为忏悔文学,而不是工人阶级文学。苏珊娜·阿拉科斯基认为,工人阶级隐藏在贫穷的概念后面。没有工人阶级的演员。劳工运动也是如此。相反,扮演演员角色的是中产阶级。通过小丑的角色,Jönson让阶级社会变得清晰可见。小丑的角色可以被看作是一种特殊的修辞策略和文学手段,以创造一种距离效果,或Verfremdungseffekt。Wrangborg将早期工人阶级文学的遗产与斗争诗联系起来。她从工作场所内部描述了工作环境和课堂经历。埃米尔·博斯仔细研究了后政治时代的语言和概念,旧的概念已经改变了意义。在新的政治时代,当工人运动与以往的理想失去联系,社会民主主义政府追求右翼政治,难以区分左右时,解释、诠释和审视那些已经改变了意义的旧概念,是工人阶级文学的一项重要任务。
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引用次数: 0
The Laughing Face of Youth 青春的笑脸
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8055
Ian C. Smith
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引用次数: 0
‘Typical characters under typical circumstances’: The Slum Fiction of Dorothy Hewett and Ruth Park “典型环境下的典型人物”:多萝西·休伊特和露丝·帕克的贫民窟小说
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8045
R. Paul
In this article I compare the representation of working people in two novels, Ruth Park’s The Harp in the South (1948) and Dorothy Hewett’s Bobbin Up (1959), as well as the ensuing critical debate about realism in their depictions of slum life in Sydney. I show that while Hewett’s work is more class-conscious and agitational, Park’s novel comes alive in deeper intersectional ways through her awareness of the interwoven structures of gender, class and race. Although Hewett’s novel culminates in a strike by women mill workers, Park reveals more of the individual strategies of survival that form part of the working-class lives she portrays. Thus, using Friedrich Engels’ critical point about ‘typical characters under typical circumstances’, I argue that while both writers try to capture the fundamental experience of working-class people, this is more successfully done in Park’s novel, both in terms of its literary realism and implicit radical politics.
在这篇文章中,我比较了露丝·帕克的《南方的竖琴》(1948)和多萝西·休伊特的《Bobbin Up》(1959)两部小说中对劳动人民的描绘,以及随后对他们对悉尼贫民窟生活的描绘中现实主义的批评辩论。我认为,休伊特的作品更具阶级意识和煽动性,而朴槿惠的小说则通过她对性别、阶级和种族交织结构的意识,以更深层次的交叉方式活跃起来。虽然休伊特的小说在女工的罢工中达到高潮,但朴槿惠揭示了更多的个人生存策略,这些策略构成了她所描绘的工人阶级生活的一部分。因此,我引用弗里德里希·恩格斯(Friedrich Engels)关于“典型环境下的典型人物”的批评观点,认为虽然两位作家都试图捕捉工人阶级的基本经验,但在朴槿惠的小说中,无论是从文学现实主义还是隐含的激进政治角度来看,这一点都做得更成功。
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引用次数: 0
Laughing all the Way to the Closed Factory: The Deindustrialization Comedy 笑到关闭的工厂:去工业化的喜剧
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8041
Jensen Mikkel
This article explores the comedic treatment of deindustrialization in three films: Gung Ho (US, 1986), De frigjorte (Denmark, 1993), and The Full Monty (UK, 1997). Examining the films’ different ways of portraying deindustrialization, the article discusses how symptomatic it is that these films offered their audiences a form of comedic silver lining in an era when deindustrialization was still felt acutely as a crisis. Gung Ho’s comedic take on the 1980s deindustrialization crisis invokes hopeful discourses of reindustrialization, De frigjorte explores a crisis of masculinity after its protagonist is laid off after two decades’ employment at a local factory, and The Full Monty offers a story of men overcoming deindustrialization in a communal way. Reading these films in relation to each other, the article argues that these films offered viewers faced with the realities of deindustrialization a moment of comedic distance to economic hardship.
本文探讨了三部电影中对去工业化的喜剧处理:《gong Ho》(美国,1986)、《De frigjorte》(丹麦,1993)和《the Full Monty》(英国,1997)。本文考察了这些电影描绘去工业化的不同方式,讨论了在去工业化仍然被强烈地视为危机的时代,这些电影为观众提供了一种喜剧的一线希望是多么有症状。《工浩》的喜剧表现了20世纪80年代的去工业化危机,唤起了对再工业化的充满希望的话语;《De frigjorte》探讨了主人公在当地一家工厂工作20年后被解雇后的男子气概危机;《满月》则讲述了一个男人以公共方式克服去工业化的故事。将这些电影相互联系起来阅读,文章认为这些电影为面对去工业化现实的观众提供了一个与经济困难保持喜剧距离的时刻。
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引用次数: 0
Liu, P. (2023) The Specter of Materialism: Queer Theory and Marxism in the Age of the Beijing Consensus. Duke University Press. 刘鹏(2023)唯物主义的幽灵:北京共识时代的酷儿理论与马克思主义。杜克大学出版社。
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8057
Matt Brim
Petrus Liu’s latest book, The Specter of Materialism: Queer Theory and Marxism in the Age of the Beijing Consensus (Duke UP, 2023), will be of interest to readers who wish to grapple with capitalism as a ‘moving totality’ (p. 26), an ever-changing process of accumulation and dispossession. For Liu, that analytic work requires a geographic reorientation away from the U.S. and the West. ‘The Beijing Consensus’ names capitalism’s latest mutation and reflects China’s position as the new center of global capitalism in the wake of the post-1989 social and economic upheavals and, more so, after the economic meltdown of 2008. Materialist critique, now and for the past three decades, is debilitated to the extent that it does not center East Asia and use Asian Marxism to retrain the critic’s vision on the contradictions that China reveals–uniquely in this geopolitical moment–about ‘capitalism as a relentless drive to subsume the labor process in the global South’ (p. 24).
彼得鲁斯·刘的最新著作《唯物主义的幽灵:北京共识时代的酷儿理论和马克思主义》(杜克大学出版社,2023年),对于那些希望将资本主义作为一个“移动的整体”(第26页),一个不断变化的积累和剥夺的过程进行斗争的读者来说,将会很有兴趣。对刘来说,这种分析工作需要从美国和西方重新定位。“北京共识”命名了资本主义的最新突变,反映了中国在1989年后的社会和经济动荡之后,尤其是在2008年经济崩溃之后,作为全球资本主义新中心的地位。唯物主义的批判,现在和过去的三十年,都是衰弱的,因为它没有以东亚为中心,并使用亚洲马克思主义来重新训练批评家对中国所揭示的矛盾的看法——在这个地缘政治时刻是独一无二的——关于“资本主义作为一种无情的驱动力,将全球南方的劳动过程纳入其中”(第24页)。
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引用次数: 0
Fogelson, Robert (2022) Working-Class Utopias: A History of Cooperative Housing in New York City. Princeton. 罗伯特·福格尔森(2022),工人阶级的乌托邦:纽约市合作住房的历史。普林斯顿大学。
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8063
J. Freeman
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引用次数: 0
Baldwin, Davarian (2021) In the Shadow of the Ivory Tower: How Universities Are Plundering Our Cities. Bold Type Books. 达瓦里安·鲍德温(2021),《在象牙塔的阴影下:大学如何掠夺我们的城市》。黑体字书籍。
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8065
Gabriel Winant
Almost as long as there have been universities, there has been social conflict between town and gown. The University of Cambridge, after all, was founded in 1209 by scholars fleeing the hostile environment of Oxford, where three of their colleagues had been hanged in an act of semivigilantism by town officials in punishment for their role in the death of a young townswoman. From then until now, the general logic of the conflict has stayed the same, even if the particulars have varied widely. Universities have a profound historical connection to the reproduction of ruling elites, manifest most darkly in the historical discovery in the last generation of the connection many hold to slavery and the slave trade. Students and scholars are linked up to national institutions that carry their own status and prestige and may access distinct pools of economic resources. Especially at more elite institutions, they may occupy a quite different social position from their neighbors, but (except for online colleges) they must exist in physical space and interact with the social geography around them.
几乎自从有大学以来,就一直存在着城镇和学院派之间的社会冲突。毕竟,剑桥大学是在1209年由逃离牛津敌意环境的学者们创建的。在牛津,他们的三位同事因参与了一名年轻女市民的死亡而被当地官员处以半民兵式的绞刑,作为惩罚。从那时到现在,冲突的一般逻辑一直保持不变,即使细节有很大的不同。大学与统治精英的再生产有着深刻的历史联系,最黑暗的表现是在上一代人的历史发现中,许多人与奴隶制和奴隶贸易有联系。学生和学者与国家机构联系在一起,这些机构具有自己的地位和声望,并可能获得不同的经济资源池。特别是在更精英的机构中,他们可能占据着与邻居截然不同的社会地位,但(除了在线大学)他们必须存在于物理空间中,并与周围的社会地理相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dropping Voices: Southern Black Agrarian Revolt in Charles Chesnutt’s Fiction 下降的声音:查尔斯·切斯纳特小说中的南方黑人土地起义
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8047
J. O’Donoghue
This essay places Charles Chesnutt’s work at the intersection of race and class in order to address the still debated question of Chesnutt’s relation to the black working-class and reinterpret his now canonical fiction as deeply entwined with the political and economic life of the black agrarian masses of the US South. I argue that the conjure tales’ centrality to turn-of-the-century American literature is in its full-throated representation of the economic demands of the black agrarian masses. Furthermore, when Chesnutt ‘dropped’ Julius as his ‘mouthpiece’ his writing ultimately left behind the masses and began to speak in the accents of metropolitan self-making.  I address a range of Chesnutt’s works to demonstrate the key developments in how Chesnutt imagined racial uplift and how the black agrarian masses were to be employed in razing American apartheid. This essay then gives evidence to show Chesnutt’s growing skepticism of large dispersed political movements of the masses like Black Populism in favor of the concentrated exemplars of outstanding individuals.
这篇文章将查尔斯·切斯纳特的作品放在种族和阶级的交叉点上,以解决切斯纳特与黑人工人阶级的关系这个仍然存在争议的问题,并重新解释他现在的经典小说与美国南方黑人农业群众的政治和经济生活紧密相连。我认为,在世纪之交的美国文学中,魔法故事的核心在于它充分表达了黑人农民群众的经济需求。此外,当切斯纳特“放弃”朱利叶斯作为他的“喉舌”时,他的作品最终离开了大众,开始用都市自我创造的口音说话。我将介绍切斯纳特的一系列作品,以展示切斯纳特如何想象种族提升的关键发展,以及如何利用黑人农民群体来摧毁美国的种族隔离制度。这篇文章随后给出了证据,表明切斯纳特越来越怀疑像黑人民粹主义这样的大规模分散的群众政治运动,而支持杰出个人的集中范例。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of academic-activists in Ireland: comfortable and uncomfortable activism in the current institutional environment 爱尔兰学术积极分子的经验:当前制度环境下的舒适与不舒适的激进主义
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8037
Jordan Kirwan
While there is a lack of academic-activist themed literature within the Irish context, it is evident that academic-activism is becoming an increasingly relevant topic given this period of undoubtable social change. The emergence of literature depicting academia as an unsupportive environment suggests that activism is not supported in a higher educational setting. This paper draws on the experiences of 33 Irish-based academic-activists and investigates the concepts of comfortable and uncomfortable academic-activism which were identified during the analysis. By exploring the experiences of academic-activists at varying career stages, this article argues that an academic’s ability to exercise academic freedom is influenced by the type of activism, the sociopolitical identity of the individual and the institutional environment. Overall, this paper offers interesting comparisons between disadvantaged/marginalised academic-activists in comparison to those in more privileged positions. 
虽然在爱尔兰背景下缺乏学术活动主义主题的文学,但很明显,鉴于这一时期无疑的社会变革,学术活动主义正成为一个日益相关的话题。文学作品的出现将学术界描绘成一个不受支持的环境,这表明行动主义在高等教育环境中不受支持。本文借鉴了33位爱尔兰学术活动家的经验,并调查了在分析过程中确定的舒适和不舒服的学术激进主义的概念。通过探索学术活动家在不同职业阶段的经历,本文认为,学者行使学术自由的能力受到行动主义类型、个人的社会政治身份和制度环境的影响。总的来说,这篇论文对处于不利地位/边缘化的学术活动家与处于特权地位的学术活动家进行了有趣的比较。
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引用次数: 0
‘They Died from Misadventure and Accident’: Learning from our Missing Ancestral Failures “他们死于不幸和意外”:从我们缺失的祖先失败中学习
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.13001/jwcs.v8i1.8049
Bob Zecker
White ethnics have fashioned a valorizing narrative of hard-working ancestors playing by the rules and ‘making it.’ This narrative distinguishes between ‘us’ and parasitic ‘them’ (today’s marginalized non-white migrants) in a highly selective fashion. What if we interrogate the universality of the Ellis Island saga? Recovering stories of forgotten people, immigrant ‘failures,’ by applying Carlo Ginzburg’s microhistory approach, reveals many victims in early 1900s America. This paper interrogates these gaps in my maternal grandpa’s family, the Albaneses of Newark. My grandpa had an older sister (born in Italy) only everyone swears there was no Maria, even though there she is in the 1910 census, 19-year-old lamp-factory worker. Then I discovered in November 1910, there was a horrible Aetna Lamp Factory fire, two blocks from their home. This fire resulted in 27 deaths, three months before the better-known Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Was this why Maria disappeared? Another sister fled an abusive husband, only to be threatened with prosecution under the Mann Act for crossing state lines for ‘immoral purposes.’ Then there was brother Ben, riding freight cars for years before ending up in an L.A. flophouse. Other invisible immigrants appear in brief newspaper notices, as of a 19-year-old striker shot in the back by Pinkertons, or runaway men whose photos called out from the ‘gallery of missing husbands.’ Revealing industrial-age microhistories of loss and trauma can (potentially) resurrect empathy toward today’s migrants or remind us of the hefty blood price capitalism exacted from workers, in 1910 no less than 2023.      
白人种族塑造了一种令人信服的叙事,即勤劳的祖先遵守规则并“创造规则”。这种叙述以一种高度选择性的方式区分了“我们”和寄生的“他们”(今天被边缘化的非白人移民)。如果我们质疑埃利斯岛传奇的普遍性呢?通过运用卡洛·金兹伯格的微观历史方法,重现了被遗忘者、移民“失败者”的故事,揭示了20世纪初美国的许多受害者。本文探讨了我外祖父纽瓦克的阿尔巴尼斯家族的这些差异。我爷爷有一个姐姐(出生在意大利),只是所有人都发誓不存在玛丽亚,尽管在1910年的人口普查中,她是一个19岁的灯厂工人。然后我发现在1910年11月,离他们家两个街区的安泰灯厂发生了一场可怕的火灾。这场火灾导致27人死亡,比著名的三角衬衫大火早三个月。这就是玛丽亚失踪的原因吗?另一个妹妹逃离了虐待她的丈夫,却被威胁要根据《曼恩法案》(Mann Act)起诉,罪名是为了“不道德的目的”跨越州界。还有他的弟弟本(Ben),他坐了很多年的货车,最后住进了洛杉矶的一家廉价旅馆。还有一些看不见的移民出现在报纸的简短通告上,比如一名19岁的前锋被平克顿家的人从背后开枪,或者是一些离家出走的男人的照片从“失踪丈夫图片库”中被公布出来。揭示工业时代损失和创伤的微观历史,可以(潜在地)重新唤起对今天移民的同情,或者让我们想起资本主义在1910年和2023年向工人征收的高昂血价。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Working-Class Studies
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