This paper presents a view of what constitutes good system/program documentation, the need for such documentation, and a broad overview of an automated system to provide this documentation. The system was developed at Clemson University's Division of Information Systems Development and can be used on any system written entirely in COBOL. Documentation information is extracted from a system descriptive data set and all programs listed as members in the system.Features provided by the system include expansion of COBOL and IDMS copy statements, printing of the linkage section (if applicable), extraction of all input/output verb statements used in the procedure division, table of contents generation, and automated block/database diagram generation. The system provides enough flexibility to allow any portion or an entire system to be input. Checklists of missing diagrams, reports, and programs not found in the specified library are also provided.
{"title":"An automated system for documentation of COBOL systems or programs","authors":"F. E. Beal","doi":"10.1145/503506.503530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503530","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a view of what constitutes good system/program documentation, the need for such documentation, and a broad overview of an automated system to provide this documentation. The system was developed at Clemson University's Division of Information Systems Development and can be used on any system written entirely in COBOL. Documentation information is extracted from a system descriptive data set and all programs listed as members in the system.Features provided by the system include expansion of COBOL and IDMS copy statements, printing of the linkage section (if applicable), extraction of all input/output verb statements used in the procedure division, table of contents generation, and automated block/database diagram generation. The system provides enough flexibility to allow any portion or an entire system to be input. Checklists of missing diagrams, reports, and programs not found in the specified library are also provided.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125836374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microcomputers are becoming an important area of study in computer science, as their quantities in-crease, their prices decrease, and they become more common and distributed throughout society. Yet perhaps the least considered and developed area of microcomputer systems is that of their operating systems.In this paper will be an attempt to classify currently available operating systems into three categories. First is the machine without any specific group of software known as an operating system. However, key firmware packages contain services something akin to OS primitives. Second is the primitive system usually readily available, perhaps at no charge, with an OEM hardware device. This type of operating system typically supports this OEM device, some system console device, and a limited set of commands, and it also manages some basic file structure. The third type is also the most advanced type available -- the full-scope operating system, such as Digital Research CP/M. This type provides both a software standard compatible across machines and a full set of features including expandability, a complex file structure, and an ability to support many devices.Besides describing the categories involved, this paper will also cite typical examples, describe current problems, and suggest areas for future improvement as this field advances.
{"title":"Operating systems for microcomputers: good, bad, and non-existant","authors":"G. L. Weinstein","doi":"10.1145/503506.503559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503559","url":null,"abstract":"Microcomputers are becoming an important area of study in computer science, as their quantities in-crease, their prices decrease, and they become more common and distributed throughout society. Yet perhaps the least considered and developed area of microcomputer systems is that of their operating systems.In this paper will be an attempt to classify currently available operating systems into three categories. First is the machine without any specific group of software known as an operating system. However, key firmware packages contain services something akin to OS primitives. Second is the primitive system usually readily available, perhaps at no charge, with an OEM hardware device. This type of operating system typically supports this OEM device, some system console device, and a limited set of commands, and it also manages some basic file structure. The third type is also the most advanced type available -- the full-scope operating system, such as Digital Research CP/M. This type provides both a software standard compatible across machines and a full set of features including expandability, a complex file structure, and an ability to support many devices.Besides describing the categories involved, this paper will also cite typical examples, describe current problems, and suggest areas for future improvement as this field advances.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123645000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in methodologies for developing software that is reliable, maintainable and extensible. Since programs are the products of the software development process, it is natural that the early efforts to improve the quality of software were concentrated on the programming aspect of software development. However, it is clear today that no programming methodology can overcome the errors and problems incurred in the functional specification phase of software development. The complexity of the software specification task is well accepted but very few ideas for dealing with that complexity exist. A new approach is needed that enables the analyst to develop correct specifications that can be validated in terms of the information needs.The approach presented in this paper focuses on the problem definition for information systems that is based upon organization structure and functions. Social organizations are open systems as defined in general systems theory, and as such the functions of an organization may be analyzed in terms of a general model of open, living systems. The paper presents the application of an open system model to define the functional structure of organization subsystems and their interrelations that achieve the overall objectives of the organization.The open systems model is applied to define two dimensions of the problem, the resource flows and the control structure of the organization. Those dimensions define the functional hierarchy of the organization, and the information channels linking organization sub-systems define the functional role of the information system. In fact, the information system turns out to be a subsystem of the organization that interfaces the control subsystem with the operating subsystem. The framework aids the analyst in deriving information requirement specifications that can be validated against the organization's needs for information.
{"title":"Control structure for systems analysis and design: a tool for defining the functional architecture of organizations and information systems","authors":"D. Chand, J. Brown","doi":"10.1145/503506.503531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503531","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in methodologies for developing software that is reliable, maintainable and extensible. Since programs are the products of the software development process, it is natural that the early efforts to improve the quality of software were concentrated on the programming aspect of software development. However, it is clear today that no programming methodology can overcome the errors and problems incurred in the functional specification phase of software development. The complexity of the software specification task is well accepted but very few ideas for dealing with that complexity exist. A new approach is needed that enables the analyst to develop correct specifications that can be validated in terms of the information needs.The approach presented in this paper focuses on the problem definition for information systems that is based upon organization structure and functions. Social organizations are open systems as defined in general systems theory, and as such the functions of an organization may be analyzed in terms of a general model of open, living systems. The paper presents the application of an open system model to define the functional structure of organization subsystems and their interrelations that achieve the overall objectives of the organization.The open systems model is applied to define two dimensions of the problem, the resource flows and the control structure of the organization. Those dimensions define the functional hierarchy of the organization, and the information channels linking organization sub-systems define the functional role of the information system. In fact, the information system turns out to be a subsystem of the organization that interfaces the control subsystem with the operating subsystem. The framework aids the analyst in deriving information requirement specifications that can be validated against the organization's needs for information.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121726334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between the three divisions of an installation -- Systems Analysis, User Services and Operations -- and to examine ways in which their combined resources can be better utilized in the realization of common goals.Clearly defining the common goals is the first step which must be made. This is done by first examining the evolution of the three separate groups and defining their separate strengths and contributions.After examining the organizational structure of a computer installation, a study is made of the relationships that exist between the separate divisions. What is the relationship between User Services and Systems Analysis, between Operations and User Services and between Systems Analysis and Operations? In what way do these relationships cause the needs of the end users to be lost in the shadow of internal conflict or misunderstanding?This paper attempts to draw some conclusions about communication with a computer installation. Why is communication necessary? How does the physical layout of the center contribute to or hinder effective, open communication? Is there such a thing as too much interaction, too much communication?Finally, this paper examines the conclusions made about internal relationships within a computer installation of this day and age in view of the dynamic nature of computer science. How are the changing needs of the user population going to affect the roles of the three groups this paper is examining? What can be done today to prepare for the needs of tomorrow?
{"title":"Optimizing effective interaction of systems analysis, user services and operations groups within a computer installation","authors":"H. Porter","doi":"10.1145/503506.503551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503551","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between the three divisions of an installation -- Systems Analysis, User Services and Operations -- and to examine ways in which their combined resources can be better utilized in the realization of common goals.Clearly defining the common goals is the first step which must be made. This is done by first examining the evolution of the three separate groups and defining their separate strengths and contributions.After examining the organizational structure of a computer installation, a study is made of the relationships that exist between the separate divisions. What is the relationship between User Services and Systems Analysis, between Operations and User Services and between Systems Analysis and Operations? In what way do these relationships cause the needs of the end users to be lost in the shadow of internal conflict or misunderstanding?This paper attempts to draw some conclusions about communication with a computer installation. Why is communication necessary? How does the physical layout of the center contribute to or hinder effective, open communication? Is there such a thing as too much interaction, too much communication?Finally, this paper examines the conclusions made about internal relationships within a computer installation of this day and age in view of the dynamic nature of computer science. How are the changing needs of the user population going to affect the roles of the three groups this paper is examining? What can be done today to prepare for the needs of tomorrow?","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of a program utilizing simulated human judgement to bid bridge hands is presented. The program is a new application of a technique developed by Peter G. Ossorio and H. Joel Jeffrey, which transforms a body of expert judgements into orthogonal matrices referred to as "judgement spaces". The process by which the bids are produced is compared to the operation of a finite state machine: the states reflect the condition of the auction, the bids themselves move the machine from one state to the other, and the characteristics of the bridge hands -- as perceived by the experts -- control the state-to-state transitions. A description of the mechanics of bridge bidding is appended.
介绍了一种利用模拟人的判断来叫牌的程序设计。该程序是Peter G. Ossorio和H. Joel Jeffrey开发的技术的新应用，该技术将专家判断体转换为称为“判断空间”的正交矩阵。产生出价的过程与有限状态机的操作相比较:状态反映了拍卖的条件，出价本身将机器从一种状态移动到另一种状态，并且桥牌手的特征-由专家感知-控制状态到状态的转换。对桥牌招牌的机制作了说明。
{"title":"KIBITZ: the design of a bridge-bidding program utilizing simulated human judgement","authors":"M. Graff","doi":"10.1145/503506.503512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503512","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a program utilizing simulated human judgement to bid bridge hands is presented. The program is a new application of a technique developed by Peter G. Ossorio and H. Joel Jeffrey, which transforms a body of expert judgements into orthogonal matrices referred to as \"judgement spaces\". The process by which the bids are produced is compared to the operation of a finite state machine: the states reflect the condition of the auction, the bids themselves move the machine from one state to the other, and the characteristics of the bridge hands -- as perceived by the experts -- control the state-to-state transitions. A description of the mechanics of bridge bidding is appended.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132172906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLATO is a computer-assisted instruction medium. It uses graphics, animation, response judging, and text presentation to present material and explain it to students. Tests and quizzes over the material record student progress for the instructor's use. Student activities recorded give valuable diagnostic feedback to the instructor concerning each student's weaknesses and those of the class as a whole. This information is tailored by the instructor to his needs and is completely current.Student operations are governed by a router which presents the curriculum selected by the instructor. S/he decides what order these lessons may be approached by the student and makes an index page for the student to see when s/he signs on.Each lesson contains several areas of study. These can be presented in a rigid sequence or with an index for selective use. Help sequences, review capability, and questions over the area are valuable to the student and to the instructor, who can pinpoint areas needing emphasis.The instructor decides what information is needed about student activities. A datafile collects the information selected and presents it. The instructor may check such factors as the number of hours each student has spent on the system and the number of lessons each has completed or attempted. Information may also be collected for individual questions: times attempted score, whether help requested. All these point out student needs to the instructor.
{"title":"PLATO curriculum structure","authors":"C. Gardner","doi":"10.1145/503506.503539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503539","url":null,"abstract":"PLATO is a computer-assisted instruction medium. It uses graphics, animation, response judging, and text presentation to present material and explain it to students. Tests and quizzes over the material record student progress for the instructor's use. Student activities recorded give valuable diagnostic feedback to the instructor concerning each student's weaknesses and those of the class as a whole. This information is tailored by the instructor to his needs and is completely current.Student operations are governed by a router which presents the curriculum selected by the instructor. S/he decides what order these lessons may be approached by the student and makes an index page for the student to see when s/he signs on.Each lesson contains several areas of study. These can be presented in a rigid sequence or with an index for selective use. Help sequences, review capability, and questions over the area are valuable to the student and to the instructor, who can pinpoint areas needing emphasis.The instructor decides what information is needed about student activities. A datafile collects the information selected and presents it. The instructor may check such factors as the number of hours each student has spent on the system and the number of lessons each has completed or attempted. Information may also be collected for individual questions: times attempted score, whether help requested. All these point out student needs to the instructor.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"714 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Performance Monitoring Subsystem (PMS) discussed in this paper is part of a multiprocesso~ evaluation tool which will be built for the Rome Air Development Center (RADC). This tool, called the Multiple Microprocessor System (MMS) will be part of the System Architecture Evaluation Facility (SAEF) at RADC. The MMS will be used as a general emulation tool for research and development of homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor networks.
{"title":"Performance monitoring for multiprocessor networks","authors":"Rebecca E. Adams","doi":"10.1145/503506.503528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503528","url":null,"abstract":"The Performance Monitoring Subsystem (PMS) discussed in this paper is part of a multiprocesso~ evaluation tool which will be built for the Rome Air Development Center (RADC). This tool, called the Multiple Microprocessor System (MMS) will be part of the System Architecture Evaluation Facility (SAEF) at RADC. The MMS will be used as a general emulation tool for research and development of homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor networks.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116653124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work is part of a thesis project for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science. The objective of the project is to create a software link between a PDP-11/34 minicomputer running under the UNIX operating system and a DEC-10, both at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville.This link provides the PDP-11 users the capability of batch job submission to the DEC-10. The hardware involved is minimal -either machine views the other as a simple terminal. The actual software that handles the communication is a simple process, not part of the operating system, per se.A special device driver routine (added to the operating system) is necessary to handle the I/O under UNIX. The existing device driver routine has a limited buffer size of 256 characters. The communication software which reads this buffer competes for machine resources with the same priority as other user processes. Therefore, a buffer overrun and consequent information loss can occur unless the output of the DEC-10 is automatically inhibited by the device driver until buffer space is available.At any time, a user of the PDP-11 can submit a file of commands to be interpreted line by line by either the DEC system or the UNIX system. This submission merely results in the request being queued as a batch process to be later initiated by an operator. When initiated by the operator, the queue of requests is serviced individually by first logging into the requesting user's DEC account (this information is system maintained). Any output produced by the DEC system is stored in a file with the entry in the user's directory. The entire implementation is in the C language.
{"title":"UNIX to DEC-10: a simple teleprocessing link","authors":"Mukesh Sundaram","doi":"10.1145/503506.503554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503554","url":null,"abstract":"This work is part of a thesis project for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science. The objective of the project is to create a software link between a PDP-11/34 minicomputer running under the UNIX operating system and a DEC-10, both at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville.This link provides the PDP-11 users the capability of batch job submission to the DEC-10. The hardware involved is minimal -either machine views the other as a simple terminal. The actual software that handles the communication is a simple process, not part of the operating system, per se.A special device driver routine (added to the operating system) is necessary to handle the I/O under UNIX. The existing device driver routine has a limited buffer size of 256 characters. The communication software which reads this buffer competes for machine resources with the same priority as other user processes. Therefore, a buffer overrun and consequent information loss can occur unless the output of the DEC-10 is automatically inhibited by the device driver until buffer space is available.At any time, a user of the PDP-11 can submit a file of commands to be interpreted line by line by either the DEC system or the UNIX system. This submission merely results in the request being queued as a batch process to be later initiated by an operator. When initiated by the operator, the queue of requests is serviced individually by first logging into the requesting user's DEC account (this information is system maintained). Any output produced by the DEC system is stored in a file with the entry in the user's directory. The entire implementation is in the C language.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124707058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An automative file design aid is proposed. The aid will generate a conceptual view of the data by merging user's functional views. A directed graph is used to represent the relationships within the conceptual schema. The procedure will input user relationships and convert the set of relationships into a conceptual schema. The functional view is represented by the hierarchical model, while the conceptual view utilizes the relational model.
{"title":"Automating the development of a conceptual schema","authors":"James D. Powell, Doris P. Tillman","doi":"10.1145/503506.503523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503523","url":null,"abstract":"An automative file design aid is proposed. The aid will generate a conceptual view of the data by merging user's functional views. A directed graph is used to represent the relationships within the conceptual schema. The procedure will input user relationships and convert the set of relationships into a conceptual schema. The functional view is represented by the hierarchical model, while the conceptual view utilizes the relational model.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122735529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theory of fuzzy switching functions described in this paper is related to the theory of fuzzy sets and to the treatment of switching circuits in the binary world. In this paper we are concerned with the study of such imprecise mechanisms, their properties, and possible applications. The enumeration of the number of distinct fuzzy switching functions will be addressed as well as minimization and simplification procedures.
{"title":"Imprecise models in combinational systems","authors":"A. Kandel","doi":"10.1145/503506.503516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503506.503516","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of fuzzy switching functions described in this paper is related to the theory of fuzzy sets and to the treatment of switching circuits in the binary world. In this paper we are concerned with the study of such imprecise mechanisms, their properties, and possible applications. The enumeration of the number of distinct fuzzy switching functions will be addressed as well as minimization and simplification procedures.","PeriodicalId":258426,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 17","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131427220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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