Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155858
S. Sohr, D. Fischer, R. Rieske, K. Nieweglowski, K. Wolter
In this paper an ultra-low power VCSEL with an electrical consumption of below 5 mW is characterised to electrical power, optical power, temperature as well as a spectral investigation. First the pigtail manufacture is described, where amongst others the VCSEL is bonded on a ceramic carrier and connected to an optical fibre by front surface coupling. Thereby the fibre-chip coupling is realised by using index matching adhesive as well as active alignment. Finally the results of the characterisation are analysed to find optimal operation conditions. For comparison results of a common VCSEL are shown.
{"title":"Packaging and characterisation of ultra low power VCSEL for sensor networks","authors":"S. Sohr, D. Fischer, R. Rieske, K. Nieweglowski, K. Wolter","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155858","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an ultra-low power VCSEL with an electrical consumption of below 5 mW is characterised to electrical power, optical power, temperature as well as a spectral investigation. First the pigtail manufacture is described, where amongst others the VCSEL is bonded on a ceramic carrier and connected to an optical fibre by front surface coupling. Thereby the fibre-chip coupling is realised by using index matching adhesive as well as active alignment. Finally the results of the characterisation are analysed to find optimal operation conditions. For comparison results of a common VCSEL are shown.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126398165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155844
M. Joncic, M. Haupt, U. Fischer
This paper shows the calculated loss due to lateral misalignment in single mode fibers (SMFs) with basic wave functions. Experiment setup for measuring loss due to lateral misalignment is presented and used for loss measurement. Measured values and the results obtained by formulas are compared in order to confirm validity of the established experiment setup.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental analysis of single mode fiber-to-fiber joint loss due to lateral misalignment","authors":"M. Joncic, M. Haupt, U. Fischer","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the calculated loss due to lateral misalignment in single mode fibers (SMFs) with basic wave functions. Experiment setup for measuring loss due to lateral misalignment is presented and used for loss measurement. Measured values and the results obtained by formulas are compared in order to confirm validity of the established experiment setup.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155852
M. Mazur, J. Domaradzki, A. Borna
In this paper electrical and antistatic properties of magnetron sputtered thin films based on TiO2:(V, Ta) were investigated. Ability to dissipate static charge from the surface is important issue in case of various types of materials. Static electricity can cause a lot of risks and problems, especially in hazardous places and environments. Antistatic properties of different thin films were assessed on the basis of resistance values and decay times of static charge. Decay times of static charge generated by corona discharge showed that investigation of resistance values of samples is insufficient in case of antistatic properties assessment. Samples of TiO2:(V, Ta), TiO2:(V, Ta, Co) and TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr) exhibited excellent ability to dissipate static charge from their surfaces, however thin film of TiO2:(V, Ta, W) has very poor antistatic properties due to very long decay time. This results are surprising, because TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr) exhibited the highest value of resistance, while decay time was the shortest from all measured samples.
本文研究了TiO2:(V, Ta)磁控溅射薄膜的电性能和抗静电性能。在各种类型的材料中，从表面消散静电荷的能力是一个重要的问题。静电会引起很多风险和问题，特别是在危险的地方和环境中。根据电阻值和静电衰减时间对不同薄膜的抗静电性能进行了评价。电晕放电产生的静电衰减次数表明，在抗静电性能评估中，对样品电阻值的研究是不够的。TiO2:(V, Ta)、TiO2:(V, Ta, Co)和TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr)样品表现出优异的表面静电耗散能力，但TiO2:(V, Ta, W)薄膜由于衰减时间过长，抗静电性能很差。这一结果令人惊讶，因为TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr)表现出最高的电阻值，而衰变时间是所有测量样品中最短的。
{"title":"Electrical and antistatic properties of magnetron sputtered thin films based on TiO2:(V, Ta)","authors":"M. Mazur, J. Domaradzki, A. Borna","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155852","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper electrical and antistatic properties of magnetron sputtered thin films based on TiO2:(V, Ta) were investigated. Ability to dissipate static charge from the surface is important issue in case of various types of materials. Static electricity can cause a lot of risks and problems, especially in hazardous places and environments. Antistatic properties of different thin films were assessed on the basis of resistance values and decay times of static charge. Decay times of static charge generated by corona discharge showed that investigation of resistance values of samples is insufficient in case of antistatic properties assessment. Samples of TiO2:(V, Ta), TiO2:(V, Ta, Co) and TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr) exhibited excellent ability to dissipate static charge from their surfaces, however thin film of TiO2:(V, Ta, W) has very poor antistatic properties due to very long decay time. This results are surprising, because TiO2:(V, Ta, Cr) exhibited the highest value of resistance, while decay time was the shortest from all measured samples.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155832
K. Chabowski
Miniaturized impedance sensors with interdigitated gold electrodes were fabricated on silicon micromechanical cantilevers. They can be used for measurement of physicochemical properties of sensor's environment. Changes of impedance spectra of sensor were examinated in selected vapor and liquid environments with various components concentration. Impedance spectroscopy was used to measure electrical response of sensor and obtain usable information from it. Experimental characteristics were approximated with electrical equivalent circuit. Model parameters for few points of humidity and NaCl concentration in solution were calculated. Study of changes of model parameters allowed to evaluate concentration changes of environment components contacting with clean and functionalized sensors surface. Functionalization of electrodes surface by suitable chemical substance may provide possibility of building a very accurate and efficient selective sensor designed to monitoring presence and concentration of selected substance in sensor's environment.
{"title":"Short characterization of miniaturized impedance sensors","authors":"K. Chabowski","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155832","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturized impedance sensors with interdigitated gold electrodes were fabricated on silicon micromechanical cantilevers. They can be used for measurement of physicochemical properties of sensor's environment. Changes of impedance spectra of sensor were examinated in selected vapor and liquid environments with various components concentration. Impedance spectroscopy was used to measure electrical response of sensor and obtain usable information from it. Experimental characteristics were approximated with electrical equivalent circuit. Model parameters for few points of humidity and NaCl concentration in solution were calculated. Study of changes of model parameters allowed to evaluate concentration changes of environment components contacting with clean and functionalized sensors surface. Functionalization of electrodes surface by suitable chemical substance may provide possibility of building a very accurate and efficient selective sensor designed to monitoring presence and concentration of selected substance in sensor's environment.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126403572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155833
H. Conrad, W. Pufe, H. Schenk
Extensive studies on reactively magnetron sputtered aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films and the evaluation of the material properties influenced by the deposition parameters were performed utilizing statistical methods. The use of the inverse piezoelectric effect of poly-crystalline AlN thin films in actively deformable micro mirrors are of prior interest for this work. To achieve piezoelectric material properties but also to respect technological conditions in MOEMS manufacturing processes the textural quality, the grain size, the intrinsic material stress, the deposition rate and therefore the non-uniformity in layer thickness are investigated. Wide, randomized series of experiments on process pressure, nitrogen / argon gas flow ratio, plasma rf power and target to substrate separation of the AlN sputter deposition process on amorphous titanium aluminid thin films on silicon substrates were performed. Polynomial based models of the thin films properties influenced by the deposition parameters are presented. The qualities of these models are evaluated by statistical methods. With the use of these models advantageous set points of the deposition process are presented. This set points enables highly textured polycrystalline AlN films, low or zero stressed films, big grain size and low non-uniformity in layer thicknesses.
{"title":"Aluminum nitride thin film development using statistical methods","authors":"H. Conrad, W. Pufe, H. Schenk","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155833","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive studies on reactively magnetron sputtered aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films and the evaluation of the material properties influenced by the deposition parameters were performed utilizing statistical methods. The use of the inverse piezoelectric effect of poly-crystalline AlN thin films in actively deformable micro mirrors are of prior interest for this work. To achieve piezoelectric material properties but also to respect technological conditions in MOEMS manufacturing processes the textural quality, the grain size, the intrinsic material stress, the deposition rate and therefore the non-uniformity in layer thickness are investigated. Wide, randomized series of experiments on process pressure, nitrogen / argon gas flow ratio, plasma rf power and target to substrate separation of the AlN sputter deposition process on amorphous titanium aluminid thin films on silicon substrates were performed. Polynomial based models of the thin films properties influenced by the deposition parameters are presented. The qualities of these models are evaluated by statistical methods. With the use of these models advantageous set points of the deposition process are presented. This set points enables highly textured polycrystalline AlN films, low or zero stressed films, big grain size and low non-uniformity in layer thicknesses.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129312979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155834
W. Dawidowski, J. Beetz, M. Kamp, S. Patela
Efficient tapers that match the compact modes of photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides to the larger modes of ridge waveguides or optical fibers are key building blocks for matching PhC based devices to standard optics. We have investigated the design, fabrication and measurement of PhC tapers and waveguides. The photonic crystal structures are all based on a triangular lattice of air holes in an AlGaAs/GaAs slab heterostructure. High resolution electron beam lithography together with a combination of dry and wet etching was used to fabricate the structures. The transmission measurements of the waveguides and tapers was carried out by the end ¿ fire method. A tunable semiconductor laser with a tuning range from 1240 nm to 1347 nm was used as a light source. The TE polarized light was launched into the waveguide from a polarization maintaining lensed fiber. The losses were determined by two methods that do not depend on a knowledge of the coupling efficiency between the fiber and the waveguide. The first (Hakki ¿ Paoli) is based on an analysis of the fringe contrast of the transmission spectrum. The other approach uses a Fourier analysis of the transmission spectrum.
{"title":"Design, fabrication and characterization of photonic crystal based taper","authors":"W. Dawidowski, J. Beetz, M. Kamp, S. Patela","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155834","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient tapers that match the compact modes of photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides to the larger modes of ridge waveguides or optical fibers are key building blocks for matching PhC based devices to standard optics. We have investigated the design, fabrication and measurement of PhC tapers and waveguides. The photonic crystal structures are all based on a triangular lattice of air holes in an AlGaAs/GaAs slab heterostructure. High resolution electron beam lithography together with a combination of dry and wet etching was used to fabricate the structures. The transmission measurements of the waveguides and tapers was carried out by the end ¿ fire method. A tunable semiconductor laser with a tuning range from 1240 nm to 1347 nm was used as a light source. The TE polarized light was launched into the waveguide from a polarization maintaining lensed fiber. The losses were determined by two methods that do not depend on a knowledge of the coupling efficiency between the fiber and the waveguide. The first (Hakki ¿ Paoli) is based on an analysis of the fringe contrast of the transmission spectrum. The other approach uses a Fourier analysis of the transmission spectrum.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132270397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155854
S. Preussler, A. Wiatrek, K. Jamshidi, T. Schneider
The Quasi-Light-Storage (QLS) is a method for the variable and almost distortion free storage of optical data which is based on the filtering of the spectra with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The natural gain bandwidth of SBS limits the storage time of this method to 100 ns. We overcome this limitation by using a narrowed gain for the SBS and a fiber loop, respectively.
{"title":"Methods for the enhancement of the storage time in quasi-light-storage","authors":"S. Preussler, A. Wiatrek, K. Jamshidi, T. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155854","url":null,"abstract":"The Quasi-Light-Storage (QLS) is a method for the variable and almost distortion free storage of optical data which is based on the filtering of the spectra with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The natural gain bandwidth of SBS limits the storage time of this method to 100 ns. We overcome this limitation by using a narrowed gain for the SBS and a fiber loop, respectively.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"62 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132870675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155855
K. Ptasínski, S. Patela
We investigated the conditions for obtaining negative refraction in photonic crystals fabricated in gallium nitride (GaN). Negative refraction at the interface between air and two-dimensional photonic crystals was numerically analyzed using Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWE) and Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD). To describe the origin of negative refraction we have carried out simulations of equifrequency surfaces (EFS) of each photonic crystal structure. The presence of negative effective refractive index has been shown in two dimensional photonic crystal with hexagonal lattice of air holes etched in GaN. We have also observed all-angle negative refraction without existence of negative refractive index for 2D photonic crystal with square lattice of air holes. Additionally, the superlensing effect as a potential application of negative refraction in two dimensional photonic crystal was simulated.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of negative refraction effect in two-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated in gallium nitride","authors":"K. Ptasínski, S. Patela","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155855","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the conditions for obtaining negative refraction in photonic crystals fabricated in gallium nitride (GaN). Negative refraction at the interface between air and two-dimensional photonic crystals was numerically analyzed using Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWE) and Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD). To describe the origin of negative refraction we have carried out simulations of equifrequency surfaces (EFS) of each photonic crystal structure. The presence of negative effective refractive index has been shown in two dimensional photonic crystal with hexagonal lattice of air holes etched in GaN. We have also observed all-angle negative refraction without existence of negative refractive index for 2D photonic crystal with square lattice of air holes. Additionally, the superlensing effect as a potential application of negative refraction in two dimensional photonic crystal was simulated.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124615024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155856
K. Rola, I. Zubel
Fabrication of micromirrors inclined at 45° towards substrate is studied in this paper. The micromirrors are fabricated by anisotropic etching of monocrystalline silicon in KOH aqueous solutions saturated with different alcohols. The micromirror is formed by {110} sidewall inclined at 45° towards {100} substrate. The influence of propyl and butyl alcohols on etching anisotropy and surface morphology of micromirror structures is investigated. The impact of KOH concentration on micromirrors' parameters is also examined. The results show that the best etching anisotropy is achieved in the solutions with isopropanol and tert-butanol, and at the low concentration of KOH. Although the {110} mirror planes are patterned with stripes in the case of all considered etching solutions, the surface morphology of the {100} substrate is different for different alcohol additives. Contrary to propyl alcohols, the {100} surfaces etched in the solutions with butyl alcohols are densely covered with pyramidal structures (called hillocks). The angle of the micromirror inclination towards the substrate is evaluated by microscopic measurements and compared with the results reported in the literature.
{"title":"45° micromirrors fabricated by silicon anisotropic etching in KOH solutions saturated with alcohols","authors":"K. Rola, I. Zubel","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155856","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of micromirrors inclined at 45° towards substrate is studied in this paper. The micromirrors are fabricated by anisotropic etching of monocrystalline silicon in KOH aqueous solutions saturated with different alcohols. The micromirror is formed by {110} sidewall inclined at 45° towards {100} substrate. The influence of propyl and butyl alcohols on etching anisotropy and surface morphology of micromirror structures is investigated. The impact of KOH concentration on micromirrors' parameters is also examined. The results show that the best etching anisotropy is achieved in the solutions with isopropanol and tert-butanol, and at the low concentration of KOH. Although the {110} mirror planes are patterned with stripes in the case of all considered etching solutions, the surface morphology of the {100} substrate is different for different alcohol additives. Contrary to propyl alcohols, the {100} surfaces etched in the solutions with butyl alcohols are densely covered with pyramidal structures (called hillocks). The angle of the micromirror inclination towards the substrate is evaluated by microscopic measurements and compared with the results reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128590137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-08DOI: 10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155860
A. Wiatrek, S. Preussler, K. Jamshidi, T. Schneider
The nonlinear optical effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is due to its rather narrow amplification bandwidth very suitable for the application of optical spectroscopy. Mediated by an acoustic wave in the Brillouin medium an optical pump wave is generating a frequency downshifted gain bandwidth of a few tens of MHz for counter propagating waves. By sweeping this gain through an unknown spectrum one can sample the spectrum with a resolution equal to the SBS gain bandwidth. Compared to grating based technology used in commercially available optical spectrum analyzers which offers a resolution of approximately 1 GHz, this is an increase of the resolution of two orders of magnitude. Since the SBS gain bandwidth is bound to the attenuation of the acoustical phonons in the SBS medium, there is no way to decrease it, unless using a different Brillouin medium. In our contribution we report and discuss a method to increase the resolution of SBS based optical spectroscopy by reducing the SBS gain bandwidth below its natural value regardless of the used fiber material.
{"title":"Managing the resolution bandwidth in Brillouin based spectroscopy","authors":"A. Wiatrek, S. Preussler, K. Jamshidi, T. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STYSW.2011.6155860","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear optical effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is due to its rather narrow amplification bandwidth very suitable for the application of optical spectroscopy. Mediated by an acoustic wave in the Brillouin medium an optical pump wave is generating a frequency downshifted gain bandwidth of a few tens of MHz for counter propagating waves. By sweeping this gain through an unknown spectrum one can sample the spectrum with a resolution equal to the SBS gain bandwidth. Compared to grating based technology used in commercially available optical spectrum analyzers which offers a resolution of approximately 1 GHz, this is an increase of the resolution of two orders of magnitude. Since the SBS gain bandwidth is bound to the attenuation of the acoustical phonons in the SBS medium, there is no way to decrease it, unless using a different Brillouin medium. In our contribution we report and discuss a method to increase the resolution of SBS based optical spectroscopy by reducing the SBS gain bandwidth below its natural value regardless of the used fiber material.","PeriodicalId":261643,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop \"Photonics and Microsystems\"","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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