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Perinatal depression – Case review in clinical grand rounds 围产期抑郁症——临床大查房病例回顾
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_60_22
Aana Shah, Nabagata Das, R. Arasappa, S. Ganjekar, H. Thippeswamy, Veena A. Satyanarayana, M. Kishore, Kimneihat Vaiphei, P. Chandra
Perinatal depression (PND) is associated with poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and severe PND warrants psychiatric hospitalization. A mother–baby unit is ideal for joint admission of the mother–baby dyad for treating mothers with severe PND. Medical and psychosocial factors might precipitate, perpetuate, and maintain PND and hence requires holistic interventions by a multidisciplinary team. The current case illustrates various symptom domains, risks, protective factors, and ways to differentiate postpartum blues and bipolar depression from PND. Measures to prevent a relapse form an essential component of managing PND.
围产期抑郁症(PND)与不良的产科和新生儿结局有关,严重的PND需要住院治疗。一个母亲-婴儿单位是理想的联合入院的母亲-婴儿对治疗母亲严重的产后抑郁症。医疗和社会心理因素可能促成、延续和维持PND,因此需要多学科团队的全面干预。当前的病例说明了各种症状域,风险,保护因素,以及区分产后忧郁和双相抑郁与PND的方法。预防复发的措施是管理PND的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing psychiatric disorders from rural primary health centers: A clinical epidemiological study from a District of South India 分析农村初级卫生中心的精神疾病:来自印度南部某地区的临床流行病学研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_37_22
Lakshmi Nirisha, B. Malathesh, Pavithra Jayasankar, Puttaswamy Ashwatha, Rajani Parthasarathy, N. Manjunatha, C. Kumar, J. Thirthalli, S. Math
Introduction: The clinical interview (CI) based diagnosis has more validity than the structured interview schedules based diagnosis. Hence, the epidemiological studies by clinician's evaluation would be more valuable. To date, there is no clinical epidemiological studies by psychiatrists' CIs of the primary care patients in India, especially for substance use and psychotic disorders. Objectives: To understand the prevalence of selected psychiatric disorders among patients of primary health centers (PHCs) based on the psychiatrist's CI. Materials and Methods: Data collected from a file review of Telepsychiatric On-Consultation Training program (2016–2018) in which 73 in-service primary care doctors are trained in live general consultation of rural PHCs of Mandya district, Karnataka, India. Results: Prevalence of the psychiatric disorders among adult primary care patients was 47.5%. The common mental disorders (CMDs) (35.2%) were most common among them, followed by substance use (9.5%) and psychotic disorders (2.6%). Discussion: This is the first clinical epidemiological study from Indian rural primary health care based on a psychiatrist's CI. Nearly half of the primary care patients were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting such epidemiological studies with available time and resources. This study reported a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in rural PHCs.
前言:基于临床访谈(CI)的诊断比基于结构化访谈时间表的诊断更有效。因此,临床医师评价的流行病学研究将更有价值。迄今为止,在印度,没有精神科医生的ci对初级保健病人进行临床流行病学研究,特别是对药物使用和精神障碍的研究。目的:了解基于精神科医生CI的初级卫生中心(PHCs)患者中选定精神疾病的患病率。资料与方法:数据收集自印度卡纳塔克邦Mandya地区农村初级保健医院远程精神病学会诊培训项目(2016-2018年)的档案综述,该项目对73名在职初级保健医生进行了现场全科会诊培训。结果:成人初级保健患者精神障碍患病率为47.5%。其中以常见精神障碍(CMDs)最为常见(35.2%),其次是物质使用(9.5%)和精神障碍(2.6%)。讨论:这是基于精神科医生CI的印度农村初级卫生保健的第一项临床流行病学研究。近一半的初级保健患者被诊断患有精神障碍。这项研究表明,利用现有的时间和资源进行这种流行病学研究是可行的。该研究报告了农村初级保健国家中较高的精神疾病患病率。
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引用次数: 0
Burnout amongst psychiatrists 精神科医生的职业倦怠
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_36_22
Balaji Wuntakal, Uma Padmanabhi
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引用次数: 0
Moral injury: A contemporary perspective 道德伤害:当代视角
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_53_22
Nagesh B Pai, Shae-Leigh Vella
Moral injury (MI) is a relatively new concept in the nascent stages of development. MI is a trauma-based phenomenon, distinct from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as it is not a physiologically fear-based disorder, but often co-exists with PTSD. MI is primarily concerned with the transgression of deeply held moral beliefs and negative mental health sequelae. Recent significant global events are highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the concept of MI and the associated mental health consequences. Thus, this article provides a narrative review of the concept of MI. This article reviews the concept of MI including definitions of MI and associated concepts. The similarities and differences between MI and PTSD are considered. This article also examines MI within a military context and a civilian context, which is necessitated in the context of current events; namely the fall of Afghanistan and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The article also discusses the importance of MI in a treatment setting. Theory and research in the field of MI highlight the impact of MI on those who are exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). This impact is evident in symptoms beyond the realm of PTSD. Further it is apparent that certain sectors of society are more at risk of being exposed to PMIEs and that MI may differ between military and civilian populations. As such research into MI in both populations is needed, especially within the context of current events.
道德伤害是一个相对较新的概念,处于发展的初级阶段。MI是一种基于创伤的现象,不同于创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),因为它不是一种生理上基于恐惧的障碍,但通常与PTSD共存。精神分裂症主要关注的是对根深蒂固的道德信仰的违背和负面的心理健康后遗症。最近发生的重大全球事件突出表明,有必要进一步了解心肌梗死的概念和相关的心理健康后果。因此,本文提供了一个关于MI概念的叙述性回顾。本文回顾了MI的概念,包括MI和相关概念的定义。讨论了心肌梗死与创伤后应激障碍的异同。本文还研究了军事背景和民用背景下的MI,这在当前事件的背景下是必要的;即阿富汗的沦陷和当前的COVID-19大流行。本文还讨论了心肌梗死在治疗中的重要性。无意识行为的理论和研究强调了无意识行为对那些暴露于潜在道德伤害事件(pmii)的人的影响。这种影响在创伤后应激障碍之外的症状中也很明显。此外,很明显,社会的某些部门更有可能接触到PMIEs,而且军事人口和平民人口之间的MI可能不同。因此,需要对这两个人群的心肌梗死进行研究,特别是在当前事件的背景下。
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引用次数: 1
A descriptive review on perinatal deliberate self-harm: An untraversed mental health domain 围产期故意自残的描述性综述:一个尚未涉足的心理健康领域
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_52_22
Somashekhar Bijjal, Fakirappa B Ganiger, Jitendra Mugali, Manal Shaikh, Vijayalaxmi Purad, B. Anirudh
Deliberate self-harm is an act or self-inflicted injury without suicidal intent and nonfatal outcome. In recent years, the rates of self-harm are increasing in women of childbearing age and are recognized as a global health problem. Various risk factors such as adverse life events, lack of social and emotional support, and personality traits have been identified in women presenting with self-harm. Such acts not only affect the physical and psychological well-being of the women but also have deleterious effects on overall children's development of all domains. Women presenting with self-harm during perinatal period should be evaluated carefully for underlying causative factors and adequately treated so as to decrease the morbidity.
故意自残是一种没有自杀意图和非致命后果的行为或自我造成的伤害。近年来,育龄妇女的自残率正在上升,并被认为是一个全球性的健康问题。各种各样的风险因素,如不良生活事件,缺乏社会和情感支持,以及人格特征,已被确定在出现自残的妇女中。这种行为不仅影响妇女的身心健康,而且对儿童在所有领域的全面发展也有有害的影响。围产期出现自残的妇女应仔细评估潜在的致病因素,并给予适当治疗,以降低发病率。
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引用次数: 0
Perinatal mental health services in the United Kingdom: We have only just begun 英国的围产期心理健康服务:我们才刚刚开始
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_39_22
R. Giridhar, Emily MacDonagh
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引用次数: 0
The mirror has two faces: A unique case of delusional parasitosis with Cotard's syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in South India 镜子有两面:在印度南部的一家三级保健医院,有一例患有科塔尔综合征的妄想寄生虫病
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_46_22
Keya Das, R Monisha, V. R. R. Ryali
Delusional parasitosis is a psychiatric disorder wherein a person strongly believes themselves being infected by a parasite. Cotard's syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder of rarity that occurs as nihilistic delusions ranging from denial of the existence of body parts to negating one's existence. Both could be either primary or secondary to other mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. We present a case report where Mr. R, a middle-aged male of lower socioeconomic status, of agrarian background presented with marked depressive features for the past 2 years with a significant history of similar complaints 5 years back. A provisional diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), current episode-severe depression without psychotic symptoms was made with treatment initiation. In subsequent follow-ups, Mr. R reported that his lungs are destroyed and one of his lungs and heart were nonexistent causing him breathing difficulty, and all were a consequence of the organisms devouring his organs. Antipsychotic was hiked to the maximum dose with continued antidepressants, and electroconvulsive therapy was given in inpatient treatment, considering the diagnosis of RDD's current episode of severe depression with psychotic symptoms (delusional parasitosis with Cotard's syndrome). A dual clinical presentation of delusional parasitosis with co-existant Cotard's syndrome secondary to depressive disorder is uncommon and thereby being discussed. Whether Cotard's can be subsumed under the umbrella of delusional parasitosis or is an evolving entity in itself made this clinical scenario intriguing.
妄想性寄生虫病是一种精神疾病,患者强烈认为自己被寄生虫感染。科塔尔综合症是一种罕见的神经精神疾病,表现为虚无主义妄想,从否认身体部位的存在到否定自己的存在。两者都可能是抑郁症和精神分裂症等其他精神障碍的原发性或继发性疾病。我们提出一个病例报告,R先生,社会经济地位较低的中年男性,农业背景,在过去的2年里表现出明显的抑郁特征,并在5年前有过明显的类似的病史。临时诊断为复发性抑郁症(RDD),当前发作-重度抑郁症,无精神病性症状,在治疗开始时进行。在随后的随访中,R先生报告说,他的肺被破坏,其中一个肺和心脏不存在,使他呼吸困难,所有这些都是有机体吞噬他的器官的结果。考虑到RDD目前的诊断为重度抑郁症伴精神病症状(妄想性寄生虫病伴科塔尔综合征),我们将抗精神病药剂量提高到最大,并在住院治疗中给予电休克治疗。妄想性寄生虫病与并发科塔尔综合征继发于抑郁症的双重临床表现是不常见的,因此被讨论。科塔尔氏症是否可以被归入妄想性寄生虫病的范畴,或者它本身是一种不断进化的实体,这使得这个临床场景很有趣。
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引用次数: 0
Mental health questionnaire into mother and child protectionc ard (Thayi card): Initiative to integrate perinatal mental health into reproductive and child health program in Karnataka 将心理健康调查表纳入母婴保护和(Thayi卡):将围产期心理健康纳入卡纳塔克邦生殖和儿童健康方案的倡议
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_58_22
S. Ganjekar, Rajani Parthasarathy
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引用次数: 1
Perinatal mental health in India: Time to deliver! 印度的围产期心理健康:是时候分娩了!
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_3_23
G. Desai, P. Chandra
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引用次数: 1
Somatic symptoms in the postpartum period and their association with childbirth-related post traumatic stress disorder and depression: A cross-sectional study 产后躯体症状及其与分娩相关创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的关系:一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_33_22
Lakshmi Shiva, G. Desai, Veena A. Satyanarayana, Padmalatha Venkataram, P. Chandra
Background: Somatic symptoms especially in the early postpartum period may be common, but their frequency and severity may indicate underlying childbirth-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess somatic symptoms in women during the early postpartum period and their association to childbirth-related PTSD and depression. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in South India. The Scale for Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS), Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), PTSD Checklist (PCL), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to assess somatic symptoms, negative childbirth experience, PTSD symptoms, and depression, respectively. Results: Among 95 primigravida women who were in their 2–6 weeks postpartum, the occurrence of somatic symptoms varied from 4% to 79% depending on the nature of symptoms. Pain symptoms, fatigue and weakness, and alteration in biological functions such as libido, sleep, and appetite were more commonly noted. The total severity score on SASS correlated negatively with the CEQ (r = −0.544, P = .001) and positively with scores on the PCL (r = 0.494, P = .001) and EPDS (r = 0.565, p = .001), indicating that somatic symptoms were associated with negative childbirth experience, childbirth-related PTSD, and depression. The frequencies of somatic symptoms were noted to be higher in women with childbirth-related PTSD and depression. Conclusion: Women presenting with multiple and severe somatic complaints in the early postnatal period may have underlying PTSD or depression following a negative childbirth experience. A detailed and sensitive enquiry along with appropriate care should be provided to such women to enhance maternal well-being.
背景:躯体症状尤其在产后早期可能是常见的,但其频率和严重程度可能表明潜在的分娩相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和产后抑郁症。材料与方法:本研究旨在评估产后早期妇女的躯体症状及其与分娩相关PTSD和抑郁症的关系。这是一项在南印度进行的以社区为基础的横断面研究。采用躯体症状评估量表(SASS)、分娩经历问卷(CEQ)、创伤后应激障碍量表(PCL)和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)分别评估躯体症状、负分娩经历、创伤后应激障碍症状和抑郁。结果:在95名产后2-6周的初产妇中,根据症状的性质,躯体症状的发生率从4%到79%不等。疼痛症状、疲劳和虚弱以及性欲、睡眠和食欲等生物功能的改变更为常见。SASS总分与CEQ呈负相关(r = - 0.544, P = .001),与PCL (r = 0.494, P = .001)和EPDS (r = 0.565, P = .001)呈正相关(r = 0.565, P = .001),表明躯体症状与负分娩经历、分娩相关PTSD和抑郁相关。躯体症状的频率在患有与分娩有关的PTSD和抑郁症的妇女中较高。结论:产后早期出现多重严重躯体疾患的妇女可能有潜在的创伤后应激障碍或抑郁。应向这些妇女提供详细和敏感的调查以及适当的护理,以提高产妇的福利。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum
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