Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_20_23
Meha Sharma, S. Suhas
{"title":"A beacon of light for all students of psychiatry: A review of Fish's Clinical Psychopathology, 4th edition","authors":"Meha Sharma, S. Suhas","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_20_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_20_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124275848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_4_23
Pramod Kumar, Backiyaraj Shanmugam, Teddy Andrews Jaihind Jothikaran, S. Ezhumalai
Background: Tobacco use among school-going children is a significant public health concern worldwide. Studies on perception and knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco use among early adolescent children are limited. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of tobacco use among rural and urban school-going early adolescent children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Using mixed method multi-stage sampling, a sample of 218 eighth grade students were selected randomly using the simple random technique from two government schools (rural and urban schools were chosen purposively), Udupi district, Karnataka. Data were collected using the questionnaire method. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to express the data and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the categorical variables. Results: More than one-third (39%) of middle school children have used tobacco in the past. About 44% of boys felt guilty about their tobacco use. About two percent tried using other forms of tobacco products. Less than 1% of them had used tobacco more than once in the past 30 days. Urban children had significantly more knowledge about the harmful effects of tobacco use (p = .001), quitting tobacco (χ2 = 11.6, p = .008), and reasons for quitting tobacco use was, noticing anti-tobacco messages. More urban children think using tobacco makes boys more attractive (χ2 = 9.07, p = .01) and girls more attractive (χ2 = 10.80, p = .004). Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use was 1.5% among middle-school children in the last month. Urban school children have significantly more knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use than rural students.
背景:在校儿童吸烟是世界范围内一个重要的公共卫生问题。关于青少年早期儿童对烟草使用有害影响的认知和知识的研究有限。目的:了解城乡学龄早期青少年儿童对烟草使用的知识、态度和认知。方法:采用横断面研究设计。采用混合多阶段抽样方法，采用简单随机抽样方法，从卡纳塔克邦Udupi区两所公立学校(有目的地选择农村学校和城市学校)随机抽取218名八年级学生。采用问卷调查法收集资料。数据收集使用了全球青年烟草调查。数据采用描述性统计表达，分类变量比较采用卡方检验和Fisher精确检验。结果:超过三分之一(39%)的中学生过去使用过烟草。约44%的男孩对吸烟感到内疚。大约2%的人尝试使用其他形式的烟草产品。其中不到1%的人在过去30天内使用过一次以上的烟草。城市儿童对烟草使用有害影响(p = .001)和戒烟(χ2 = 11.6, p = .008)的认识显著高于城市儿童，戒烟的原因是注意到禁烟信息。更多城市儿童认为吸烟使男孩更具吸引力(χ2 = 9.07, p = 0.01)，使女孩更具吸引力(χ2 = 10.80, p = 0.004)。结论:上个月初中生吸烟率为1.5%。城市学童对烟草使用有害影响的了解和认识明显高于农村学生。
{"title":"Perception of tobacco use among school-going early adolescent children in Udupi District: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Pramod Kumar, Backiyaraj Shanmugam, Teddy Andrews Jaihind Jothikaran, S. Ezhumalai","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco use among school-going children is a significant public health concern worldwide. Studies on perception and knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco use among early adolescent children are limited. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of tobacco use among rural and urban school-going early adolescent children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Using mixed method multi-stage sampling, a sample of 218 eighth grade students were selected randomly using the simple random technique from two government schools (rural and urban schools were chosen purposively), Udupi district, Karnataka. Data were collected using the questionnaire method. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to express the data and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the categorical variables. Results: More than one-third (39%) of middle school children have used tobacco in the past. About 44% of boys felt guilty about their tobacco use. About two percent tried using other forms of tobacco products. Less than 1% of them had used tobacco more than once in the past 30 days. Urban children had significantly more knowledge about the harmful effects of tobacco use (p = .001), quitting tobacco (χ2 = 11.6, p = .008), and reasons for quitting tobacco use was, noticing anti-tobacco messages. More urban children think using tobacco makes boys more attractive (χ2 = 9.07, p = .01) and girls more attractive (χ2 = 10.80, p = .004). Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use was 1.5% among middle-school children in the last month. Urban school children have significantly more knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use than rural students.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_21_23
L. Sravanti
{"title":"Cognitive restructuring through art: “Fractured mind and fragmented self”","authors":"L. Sravanti","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"69 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114015947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_11_23
V. Kulhalli, S. Juvva, A. Mukherjee, Bhagyadeep Dhakre, Jaya Jethwani, C. Ramamurthy
The National Suicide Prevention Strategy was launched by India on November 21, 2022. It was the first step toward making suicide prevention a public health priority with the aim of a 10% reduction in suicide mortality by 2030. The present article incorporates the reflections by mental health professionals in India by emphasizing on the sociocultural contexts, diversity, the training of the professionals, ethical dilemmas, the need for early intervention, and risk assessment along with a more comprehensive method of implementation of the policy.
{"title":"Suicide prevention policy in India: Reflections by mental health professionals","authors":"V. Kulhalli, S. Juvva, A. Mukherjee, Bhagyadeep Dhakre, Jaya Jethwani, C. Ramamurthy","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_11_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_11_23","url":null,"abstract":"The National Suicide Prevention Strategy was launched by India on November 21, 2022. It was the first step toward making suicide prevention a public health priority with the aim of a 10% reduction in suicide mortality by 2030. The present article incorporates the reflections by mental health professionals in India by emphasizing on the sociocultural contexts, diversity, the training of the professionals, ethical dilemmas, the need for early intervention, and risk assessment along with a more comprehensive method of implementation of the policy.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125128821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_51_22
A. Purohith, Anisha K. Chauhan, R. Bhandary, Podila Narasimha Sharma
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with heterogeneous course with the majority of patients having multiple relapses. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) when combined with antipsychotics is a potential option in preventing relapse of psychotic symptoms. The cumulative effects of long-term maintenance ECT on cognitive functions in schizophrenia are unknown. We aim to report the cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia who received long-term maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT). The socio-demographic details, illness characteristics, details about ECT were obtained from retrospective file review. The scores on the Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) were compared before and after the latest session of M-ECT. After obtaining written informed consent, cognitive functions were evaluated in detail by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Battery for ECT Related Cognitive Deficits (B4ECT-ReCoDe) which is a specific tool to assess cognitive functions that are affected by ECT. 5 patients (2 male and 3 female) with a mean age of 44.2 years (SD 8.5) received M-ECT over a period of 8 years. There was an improvement in the overall functioning of patients. Verbal episodic memory, visual memory and working memory were the affected cognitive domains with preserved processing speed, sustained attention, autobiographical memory, and global cognitive functioning.
{"title":"Cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia on long-term maintenance electroconvulsive therapy – A case series","authors":"A. Purohith, Anisha K. Chauhan, R. Bhandary, Podila Narasimha Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_51_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_51_22","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with heterogeneous course with the majority of patients having multiple relapses. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) when combined with antipsychotics is a potential option in preventing relapse of psychotic symptoms. The cumulative effects of long-term maintenance ECT on cognitive functions in schizophrenia are unknown. We aim to report the cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia who received long-term maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT). The socio-demographic details, illness characteristics, details about ECT were obtained from retrospective file review. The scores on the Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) were compared before and after the latest session of M-ECT. After obtaining written informed consent, cognitive functions were evaluated in detail by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Battery for ECT Related Cognitive Deficits (B4ECT-ReCoDe) which is a specific tool to assess cognitive functions that are affected by ECT. 5 patients (2 male and 3 female) with a mean age of 44.2 years (SD 8.5) received M-ECT over a period of 8 years. There was an improvement in the overall functioning of patients. Verbal episodic memory, visual memory and working memory were the affected cognitive domains with preserved processing speed, sustained attention, autobiographical memory, and global cognitive functioning.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_30_22
S. Kanagarajan, P. Varshney, S. Ganjekar, A. Muralidhar, G. Desai
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with significant psychological distress. Early identification of mental health consequences may expedite early intervention and improve overall health among women with PCOS. The current scoping review focuses on the prevalence and factors influencing psychiatric morbidity among Indian women with PCOS. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping reviews was used. We examined the published literature on the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among Indian women with a clinical or biochemical diagnosis of PCOS from 2001 to 2021 using appropriate keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Case reports, review articles, and guidelines were excluded. We then collated and summarized the data from the selected studies. Of the 45 studies found, 11 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were done in the hospital setting, except for one study conducted in the school setting. The Rotterdam 2003 criteria were the most used diagnostic criteria for PCOS. All studies except one used screening instruments for assessing psychiatric morbidity. Depression (11%–93%) and anxiety (15%–100%) were the most common psychiatric comorbidities. The presence of acne predicted depression and the presence of alopecia and infertility increased the risk of anxiety among women with PCOS. High rates of depression and anxiety with a wide range of prevalence were seen among Indian women with PCOS. Future studies should assess psychiatric morbidity using structured diagnostic instruments in the community sample.
{"title":"Psychiatric comorbidities among Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A scoping review","authors":"S. Kanagarajan, P. Varshney, S. Ganjekar, A. Muralidhar, G. Desai","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with significant psychological distress. Early identification of mental health consequences may expedite early intervention and improve overall health among women with PCOS. The current scoping review focuses on the prevalence and factors influencing psychiatric morbidity among Indian women with PCOS. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping reviews was used. We examined the published literature on the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among Indian women with a clinical or biochemical diagnosis of PCOS from 2001 to 2021 using appropriate keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Case reports, review articles, and guidelines were excluded. We then collated and summarized the data from the selected studies. Of the 45 studies found, 11 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were done in the hospital setting, except for one study conducted in the school setting. The Rotterdam 2003 criteria were the most used diagnostic criteria for PCOS. All studies except one used screening instruments for assessing psychiatric morbidity. Depression (11%–93%) and anxiety (15%–100%) were the most common psychiatric comorbidities. The presence of acne predicted depression and the presence of alopecia and infertility increased the risk of anxiety among women with PCOS. High rates of depression and anxiety with a wide range of prevalence were seen among Indian women with PCOS. Future studies should assess psychiatric morbidity using structured diagnostic instruments in the community sample.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131979983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_54_22
M. Singh Sethi, Pallavi Abhilasha, Thenmozhi Moorthy
Medical education curriculum has neglected psychiatry as a subject of significance not only in India but around the world. This calls for strenghtening the undergraduate psychiatry curriculum. Mental health by and large has been at the periphery of medical education not only in India but the whole world. Urgent and immediate addressing of the issue at hand is imperative so that medical students are sensitised to the matter and gain insight into their own mental health. In this article we look at the challenges that we face currently and path forward to improve mental health training in the Indian scenario.
{"title":"Psychiatry training in India – A resident's perspective","authors":"M. Singh Sethi, Pallavi Abhilasha, Thenmozhi Moorthy","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_54_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_54_22","url":null,"abstract":"Medical education curriculum has neglected psychiatry as a subject of significance not only in India but around the world. This calls for strenghtening the undergraduate psychiatry curriculum. Mental health by and large has been at the periphery of medical education not only in India but the whole world. Urgent and immediate addressing of the issue at hand is imperative so that medical students are sensitised to the matter and gain insight into their own mental health. In this article we look at the challenges that we face currently and path forward to improve mental health training in the Indian scenario.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116945299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_43_22
P. Mahal, Rahul Patley, C. Kumar, N. Manjunatha, S. Math
The World Health Organization reports that psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disability globally. To gauge this burden of mental disorders, several psychiatric epidemiological studies have been conducted in India since as early as the 1960s. However, these studies were difficult to compare due to factors such as variations in sampling methods, defining a case/diagnosis, screening/diagnostic instruments, lack of trained human resources, or being limited to a particular region. Therefore, with the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016, India has conducted a landmark nationwide study to counter these limitations. The NMHS study will also help shape future policies and programs related to mental health. Recently, India has also completed a dedicated nationwide study on the extent of substance use. Thus, in this review paper, we provide a glimpse of the path taken so far by the psychiatric epidemiological studies in India and pointed out the areas to be focused on in the future to curb disability/morbidity/fatality caused by psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Psychiatric epidemiology in India: Where do we stand following the national mental health survey, 2016?","authors":"P. Mahal, Rahul Patley, C. Kumar, N. Manjunatha, S. Math","doi":"10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization reports that psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disability globally. To gauge this burden of mental disorders, several psychiatric epidemiological studies have been conducted in India since as early as the 1960s. However, these studies were difficult to compare due to factors such as variations in sampling methods, defining a case/diagnosis, screening/diagnostic instruments, lack of trained human resources, or being limited to a particular region. Therefore, with the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016, India has conducted a landmark nationwide study to counter these limitations. The NMHS study will also help shape future policies and programs related to mental health. Recently, India has also completed a dedicated nationwide study on the extent of substance use. Thus, in this review paper, we provide a glimpse of the path taken so far by the psychiatric epidemiological studies in India and pointed out the areas to be focused on in the future to curb disability/morbidity/fatality caused by psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":262035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127938966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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