Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.15173/sciential.vi7.2922
David Rodrigues
Communication skills are one of the most widely recognized learning outcomes for numerous programs in higher education. However, proper training in science communication skills are consistently falling short of requirements. This highlights the need to examine the curriculum as a whole as opposed to a course level view. In this piece, I present arguments expressing the need for proper incorporation of formal communication training in undergraduate and graduate programs to enhance the quality of discourse between scientists and the lay public. Specifically, this opinion piece briefly describes the current state of SciComm training and the lack of core skills in existing courses, the essence of science communication and teaching, and its impact in the workplace.
{"title":"Science Communication: A basic skill that needs to be developed in undergraduate and graduate programs","authors":"David Rodrigues","doi":"10.15173/sciential.vi7.2922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.vi7.2922","url":null,"abstract":"Communication skills are one of the most widely recognized learning outcomes for numerous programs in higher education. However, proper training in science communication skills are consistently falling short of requirements. This highlights the need to examine the curriculum as a whole as opposed to a course level view. In this piece, I present arguments expressing the need for proper incorporation of formal communication training in undergraduate and graduate programs to enhance the quality of discourse between scientists and the lay public. Specifically, this opinion piece briefly describes the current state of SciComm training and the lack of core skills in existing courses, the essence of science communication and teaching, and its impact in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117348869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2241
Hannah Mahoney
When, where, and how did life on Earth originate? The origin of life problem involves multiple scientific disciplines and has spanned multiple decades. It can be summarized into three stages: (1) the origin of biological monomers, (2) the origin of biological polymers, and (3) the emergence and evolution of cells. While highly speculative, the connections between these stages are theorized by attempting to determine the geochemical situations which could have driven chemical evolution and allow for the emergence of specific chemical functions of biological systems. This review summarizes reported findings relevant to the early Earth environment and the main theories in the origin of life subject. Specific focus is placed on the metabolism first, RNA world, and compartmentalization first theories as they are involved in the origin of life paradox. The review then discusses submarine hydrothermal vents as a possible location for which life could have occurred. Understanding of information pertaining to the origin of life is important as it allows for advancement and discoveries in other fields of science and medicine. Overall, the aim of this review is to display the relevant information about the origin of life theory and highlight the importance of future research.
{"title":"Origins of Life","authors":"Hannah Mahoney","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2241","url":null,"abstract":"When, where, and how did life on Earth originate? The origin of life problem involves multiple scientific disciplines and has spanned multiple decades. It can be summarized into three stages: (1) the origin of biological monomers, (2) the origin of biological polymers, and (3) the emergence and evolution of cells. While highly speculative, the connections between these stages are theorized by attempting to determine the geochemical situations which could have driven chemical evolution and allow for the emergence of specific chemical functions of biological systems. This review summarizes reported findings relevant to the early Earth environment and the main theories in the origin of life subject. Specific focus is placed on the metabolism first, RNA world, and compartmentalization first theories as they are involved in the origin of life paradox. The review then discusses submarine hydrothermal vents as a possible location for which life could have occurred. Understanding of information pertaining to the origin of life is important as it allows for advancement and discoveries in other fields of science and medicine. Overall, the aim of this review is to display the relevant information about the origin of life theory and highlight the importance of future research.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131948056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2439
Youssef El-Sayes
A new strain of coronavirus termed 2019-nCoV or 2019 new coronavirus was discovered in December 2019 and initiated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China1. The virus has infected over 75,000 individuals as of February 20202.
{"title":"COVID-19","authors":"Youssef El-Sayes","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i4.2439","url":null,"abstract":"A new strain of coronavirus termed 2019-nCoV or 2019 new coronavirus was discovered in December 2019 and initiated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China1. The virus has infected over 75,000 individuals as of February 20202.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128153948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2251
Pouriya Sadeghighazichaki
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), has been identified as a primary pathogen in causing chronic periodontitis, or gum inflammation. P. gingivalis was also isolated in brain samples of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. A virulence factor of P. gingivalis called gingipains, releases proteases responsible for neurodegeneration and has been identified in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s. Studies show that mice infected with P. gingivalis demonstrate an increase in amyloid plaque deposition in brain samples. Further investigation identified gingipains as a neurotoxic agent, both in vivo and in vitro, which impacts the structure of tau protein, responsible for the normal functioning of neurons. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting gingipains are utilized to prevent the neurotoxic effects of gingipains and facilitate neuronal regeneration. Inhibition of this virulence factor reduced the overall bacterial load, blocked amyloid-beta production, prevented neuroinflammation, and allowed for neuronal recovery. These findings provide a new outlook for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and elucidate a much-needed potential treatment for the condition.
{"title":"Alternative Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis Inhibitors","authors":"Pouriya Sadeghighazichaki","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2251","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), has been identified as a primary pathogen in causing chronic periodontitis, or gum inflammation. P. gingivalis was also isolated in brain samples of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. A virulence factor of P. gingivalis called gingipains, releases proteases responsible for neurodegeneration and has been identified in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s. Studies show that mice infected with P. gingivalis demonstrate an increase in amyloid plaque deposition in brain samples. Further investigation identified gingipains as a neurotoxic agent, both in vivo and in vitro, which impacts the structure of tau protein, responsible for the normal functioning of neurons. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting gingipains are utilized to prevent the neurotoxic effects of gingipains and facilitate neuronal regeneration. Inhibition of this virulence factor reduced the overall bacterial load, blocked amyloid-beta production, prevented neuroinflammation, and allowed for neuronal recovery. These findings provide a new outlook for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and elucidate a much-needed potential treatment for the condition.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2265
D. Tertigas, Gemma Barber
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue in the medical field today. It is important to understand the development of bacterial resistance to implement effective preventative measures against antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the rate at which Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common pathogen, developed resistance to streptomycin and doxycycline, as Oz et al. (2014) showed differing levels of resistance in E. coli to these two antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance was measured by adding E. coli to 96-well plates in the presence of increasing doses of doxycycline, streptomycin, or a combination treatment. Successive generations were added to the same treatments to see whether they would grow at higher concentrations of antibiotic. The change in minimum inhibitory concentration for streptomycin and doxycycline was determined as the bacteria became increasingly resistant to each antibiotic. The fastest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for streptomycin, with doxycycline resistance exhibiting a slower rate of development. The rate of resistance development for the combination treatment was the slowest, potentially due to small differences in target domains. Some cross-resistance was also observed. This study provides a small-scale methodological basis and preliminary insight on antibiotic resistance trends for two antibiotic classes and a combination treatment.
{"title":"Determining the Rate of Development of Antibiotic Resistance to Streptomycin and Doxycycline in Escherichia coli","authors":"D. Tertigas, Gemma Barber","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2265","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue in the medical field today. It is important to understand the development of bacterial resistance to implement effective preventative measures against antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the rate at which Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common pathogen, developed resistance to streptomycin and doxycycline, as Oz et al. (2014) showed differing levels of resistance in E. coli to these two antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance was measured by adding E. coli to 96-well plates in the presence of increasing doses of doxycycline, streptomycin, or a combination treatment. Successive generations were added to the same treatments to see whether they would grow at higher concentrations of antibiotic. The change in minimum inhibitory concentration for streptomycin and doxycycline was determined as the bacteria became increasingly resistant to each antibiotic. The fastest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for streptomycin, with doxycycline resistance exhibiting a slower rate of development. The rate of resistance development for the combination treatment was the slowest, potentially due to small differences in target domains. Some cross-resistance was also observed. This study provides a small-scale methodological basis and preliminary insight on antibiotic resistance trends for two antibiotic classes and a combination treatment.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127821776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2225
Suhaila Abdelhalim, Lyan Abdul Majeed Abdul Wadood
Twenty years ago, WHO and IAPB introduced an initiative called ‘The Right to Sight’, which set out to eliminate avoidable blindness universally by 2020. Age-related cataracts is a major contributor to treatable blindness worldwide and is increasing in global prevalence due to the growing proportion of individuals over 65 years of age. Cataracts refers to opacification of the lens inside the eye and clinically presents as a painless blurring and clouding of vision. From couching operations in 1200 B.C. to modern phacoemulsification, different approaches have been used to tackle this ancient disease over the centuries. Treatment today mainly involves surgery to replace the opaque lens with an artificial intraocular lens. Cutting-edge research into future therapies include investigating accommodating intraocular lenses, which hope to postoperatively restore accommodation. With the target year 2020 approaching, it is necessary to initiate discussion on age-related cataracts. This paper will provide a brief overview of this disease, discuss developments in treatment, and review innovations currently being pursued in the field.
{"title":"History, Present, and Future of Age-Related Cataracts Surgery","authors":"Suhaila Abdelhalim, Lyan Abdul Majeed Abdul Wadood","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2225","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty years ago, WHO and IAPB introduced an initiative called ‘The Right to Sight’, which set out to eliminate avoidable blindness universally by 2020. Age-related cataracts is a major contributor to treatable blindness worldwide and is increasing in global prevalence due to the growing proportion of individuals over 65 years of age. Cataracts refers to opacification of the lens inside the eye and clinically presents as a painless blurring and clouding of vision. From couching operations in 1200 B.C. to modern phacoemulsification, different approaches have been used to tackle this ancient disease over the centuries. Treatment today mainly involves surgery to replace the opaque lens with an artificial intraocular lens. Cutting-edge research into future therapies include investigating accommodating intraocular lenses, which hope to postoperatively restore accommodation. With the target year 2020 approaching, it is necessary to initiate discussion on age-related cataracts. This paper will provide a brief overview of this disease, discuss developments in treatment, and review innovations currently being pursued in the field.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130113335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2244
C. Reintjes
Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most fatal type of any gynecological cancer. Prognosis for the disease is poor, with a median survival of only thirty-two months following diagnosis and a five-year survival rate of only 39%. Many of the most lethal ovarian cancer cases are classified as part of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) subtype, which is the most aggressive form of the disease. The primary concern with regards to treatment is that nearly 30% of patients will develop a resistance to forms of platinum chemotherapy, which is the main method of treatment. This suggests that a one-size fits all approach cannot be taken to treat ovarian cancer, and that further research must be done to understand how to treat the patients who present with platinum resistance. This literature review examines the mutations within two susceptible loci, specifically, the p53 and BRCA1/2 genes, in order to understand how platinum resistance develops and why it is present in some patients. The objectives of this review are to characterize the underlying genetic mechanisms affecting platinum resistance, specify the biomarkers associated with those mechanisms, and describe alternative methods for approaching the treatment of ovarian cancer on an individual scale.
{"title":"Considerations for Chemotherapy Treatment in Platinum Resistant High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer","authors":"C. Reintjes","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2244","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most fatal type of any gynecological cancer. Prognosis for the disease is poor, with a median survival of only thirty-two months following diagnosis and a five-year survival rate of only 39%. Many of the most lethal ovarian cancer cases are classified as part of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) subtype, which is the most aggressive form of the disease. The primary concern with regards to treatment is that nearly 30% of patients will develop a resistance to forms of platinum chemotherapy, which is the main method of treatment. This suggests that a one-size fits all approach cannot be taken to treat ovarian cancer, and that further research must be done to understand how to treat the patients who present with platinum resistance. This literature review examines the mutations within two susceptible loci, specifically, the p53 and BRCA1/2 genes, in order to understand how platinum resistance develops and why it is present in some patients. The objectives of this review are to characterize the underlying genetic mechanisms affecting platinum resistance, specify the biomarkers associated with those mechanisms, and describe alternative methods for approaching the treatment of ovarian cancer on an individual scale.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115515014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2099
Netri Pajankar
The definition of consciousness has long been debated in a scientific and philosophical context due to its ambiguous nature. Recent developments in the concept of consciousness have contributed to a better understanding of associated Disorders of Consciousness (DOC). However, there has not been an equivalent rise in the accuracy of diagnostic measures for DOC. About half of the patients with DOC are incorrectly diagnosed due to significant reliance on subjective and inaccurate behavioural scales. Consequently, the misrepresentation of a patient’s present residual consciousness severely affects the treatment and rehabilitation measures that they receive. These inaccurate diagnoses ultimately influence the patient’s chance of survival. Thus, it is necessary to critique the current methods of evaluating consciousness. Neurophysiological scales are explored as a possible alternative method of evaluating consciousness, which is characterized by high sensitivity and objectivity. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different consciousness-evaluating techniques can aid in the advocacy of their widespread use for DOC patients.
{"title":"Diagnosing Disorders of Consciousness","authors":"Netri Pajankar","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2099","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of consciousness has long been debated in a scientific and philosophical context due to its ambiguous nature. Recent developments in the concept of consciousness have contributed to a better understanding of associated Disorders of Consciousness (DOC). However, there has not been an equivalent rise in the accuracy of diagnostic measures for DOC. About half of the patients with DOC are incorrectly diagnosed due to significant reliance on subjective and inaccurate behavioural scales. Consequently, the misrepresentation of a patient’s present residual consciousness severely affects the treatment and rehabilitation measures that they receive. These inaccurate diagnoses ultimately influence the patient’s chance of survival. Thus, it is necessary to critique the current methods of evaluating consciousness. Neurophysiological scales are explored as a possible alternative method of evaluating consciousness, which is characterized by high sensitivity and objectivity. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different consciousness-evaluating techniques can aid in the advocacy of their widespread use for DOC patients.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131848203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2136
Alice Nykolay, Aiman Shahid
Toxicology is an interdisciplinary scientific field that explores the impact, epidemiology, and treatment regimens for exposure to various toxic compounds and elements. Many toxicants such as metals have not yet been comprehensively examined, and a plethora of metal-related conditions are currently untreatable. Hydra is an immortal freshwater organism that serves as an excellent model for toxicity studies due to its natural availability, anatomical simplicity, yet comparatively complex physiology. This review will examine the significance of hydra toxicity studies, outline current experimental designs, as well as summarize the most commonly tested metals. Altogether, comprehensive toxicity studies on Hydra might provide promising breakthroughs in the understanding of toxicity-related physiology, and can be applied to clinical research and practice to ultimately improve health and wellbeing of those affected by metal-related disorders.
{"title":"Immortal Hydra as a Model Organism for Metal Toxicity Studies","authors":"Alice Nykolay, Aiman Shahid","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2136","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicology is an interdisciplinary scientific field that explores the impact, epidemiology, and treatment regimens for exposure to various toxic compounds and elements. Many toxicants such as metals have not yet been comprehensively examined, and a plethora of metal-related conditions are currently untreatable. Hydra is an immortal freshwater organism that serves as an excellent model for toxicity studies due to its natural availability, anatomical simplicity, yet comparatively complex physiology. This review will examine the significance of hydra toxicity studies, outline current experimental designs, as well as summarize the most commonly tested metals. Altogether, comprehensive toxicity studies on Hydra might provide promising breakthroughs in the understanding of toxicity-related physiology, and can be applied to clinical research and practice to ultimately improve health and wellbeing of those affected by metal-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132415326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2097
A. Kuganesan
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer system used to model human cognitive functions, intelligence, and behaviour. Components include both, a virtual and a physical aspect. Virtual aspects of AI include algorithms and neural networks instilled within the system to execute its assignments. Physical components include the entity in conjunction with a code. 1 AI is currently being developed by Nvidia Corporation, Alphabet, Twilio, Amazon, Micron Technology, Microsoft Corp., Baidu, Intel Corp., Facebook, and Tencent. 2 Expanding AI into the health care system can be beneficial for preventative care, patient safety, and reducing treatment costs for families. AI has proven to be useful in machine learning, thus, it can be programmed to complete specific tasks. By performing tasks such as data interpretation, the amount of time that it takes for a physician to consult patients regarding their results will be reduced. In addition, AI is capable of analyzing medical images to identify tumours and it has previously been used in various other branches of medicine such as neurology and cardiology. Overall, AI has great potential to improve the health care industry in North America and worldwide. However, potential violations while utilizing personal patient data must be addressed whilst modifying this technology.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Can Improve the Healthcare System","authors":"A. Kuganesan","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2097","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer system used to model human cognitive functions, intelligence, and behaviour. Components include both, a virtual and a physical aspect. Virtual aspects of AI include algorithms and neural networks instilled within the system to execute its assignments. Physical components include the entity in conjunction with a code. 1 AI is currently being developed by Nvidia Corporation, Alphabet, Twilio, Amazon, Micron Technology, Microsoft Corp., Baidu, Intel Corp., Facebook, and Tencent. 2 Expanding AI into the health care system can be beneficial for preventative care, patient safety, and reducing treatment costs for families. AI has proven to be useful in machine learning, thus, it can be programmed to complete specific tasks. By performing tasks such as data interpretation, the amount of time that it takes for a physician to consult patients regarding their results will be reduced. In addition, AI is capable of analyzing medical images to identify tumours and it has previously been used in various other branches of medicine such as neurology and cardiology. Overall, AI has great potential to improve the health care industry in North America and worldwide. However, potential violations while utilizing personal patient data must be addressed whilst modifying this technology.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115010381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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