Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2132
F. Paczkowski
The distinct helical shape of the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) assists this organism in colonizing the digestive organs of its target host. It has been discovered that a key determinant of helical cell shape formation in H. pylori is the Csd5 protein, which engages in multiple cell shape promoting interactions with the cell wall and other various proteins. This finding has significant clinical implications, as it outlines Csd5 as a potential drug target for treating H. pylori infection in the future.
{"title":"Newly Discovered Cell Shape Promoting Protein Complex Involved in the Maintenance of Distinct Helical Shape of Helicobacter Pylori","authors":"F. Paczkowski","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2132","url":null,"abstract":"The distinct helical shape of the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) assists this organism in colonizing the digestive organs of its target host. It has been discovered that a key determinant of helical cell shape formation in H. pylori is the Csd5 protein, which engages in multiple cell shape promoting interactions with the cell wall and other various proteins. This finding has significant clinical implications, as it outlines Csd5 as a potential drug target for treating H. pylori infection in the future.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127204818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2062
S. Khani
The Physician Assistant (PA) profession has been growing over the past decade in Canada, and McMaster University was the first institution in Ontario to establish a PA program in 2008. The PA profession occupies a niche in the health care field and is needed to extend physician services contributing to the improvement of patient care. McMaster’s PA Education Program (PAEP) fosters collaboration and problem-based learning (PBL) in order to provide students with skills that are transferable to the workplace. McMaster’s PBL approach arms graduates with lifelong learning skills that are practical in a clinical setting. The following interviews with PAs provide a more comprehensive understanding of the development of the PA niche and proffer a glimpse into how McMaster’s PAEP equips its graduates with practical skills, which will allow them to excel in the workforce.
{"title":"How McMaster is Fulfilling the Need for Physician Assistants in Canada","authors":"S. Khani","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2062","url":null,"abstract":"The Physician Assistant (PA) profession has been growing over the past decade in Canada, and McMaster University was the first institution in Ontario to establish a PA program in 2008. The PA profession occupies a niche in the health care field and is needed to extend physician services contributing to the improvement of patient care. McMaster’s PA Education Program (PAEP) fosters collaboration and problem-based learning (PBL) in order to provide students with skills that are transferable to the workplace. McMaster’s PBL approach arms graduates with lifelong learning skills that are practical in a clinical setting. The following interviews with PAs provide a more comprehensive understanding of the development of the PA niche and proffer a glimpse into how McMaster’s PAEP equips its graduates with practical skills, which will allow them to excel in the workforce.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2126
Tyler Redublo
Science communication is an emerging field that consists of a multitude of different career options, such as journalism, storytelling, and multimedia production. At its core, the field of science communication represents the bridge between scientists and the general public. Experts in this profession are concerned with how the complexities of scientific research can be presented to all audiences in ways that are engaging, comprehensible, and relevant. Today, innovative scientists continue to push the boundaries of knowledge and they are supported by science communicators who help to raise awareness and advocate for the research. Despite the fundamental role that these experts play, many people are unaware of the field of science communication and the vast array of career opportunities that it offers. The purpose of this interview is to shed light on science communication and to explore the associated skills, careers, and growth opportunities.
{"title":"Science Communication: An Interview with Katie Moisse","authors":"Tyler Redublo","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2126","url":null,"abstract":"Science communication is an emerging field that consists of a multitude of different career options, such as journalism, storytelling, and multimedia production. At its core, the field of science communication represents the bridge between scientists and the general public. Experts in this profession are concerned with how the complexities of scientific research can be presented to all audiences in ways that are engaging, comprehensible, and relevant. Today, innovative scientists continue to push the boundaries of knowledge and they are supported by science communicators who help to raise awareness and advocate for the research. Despite the fundamental role that these experts play, many people are unaware of the field of science communication and the vast array of career opportunities that it offers. The purpose of this interview is to shed light on science communication and to explore the associated skills, careers, and growth opportunities.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121018148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2091
Gursharan Sohi
Purpose: Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) are chronic glomerulopathies which may compromise patients’ quality of life, and for which there is no cure. This literature review aimed to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and best available treatment for the two conditions in order to outline a consolidated treatment protocol and identify future research considerations. Methods: PubMed was systematically searched by a single reviewer in order to identify primary studies pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment and classification of FSGS and MCD. Additionally, a hand search of UpToDate was conducted to glean further information about the best available evidence as summarized for clinician use. Relevant information was extracted and synthesized. Results: Primary FSGS and MCD result from distinct pathogenic mechanisms, hypothesized to involve kidney injury via immune dysregulation. Patients require a kidney biopsy for diagnostic purposes. First-line treatment involves glucocorticoids (i.e. prednisone), although patients’ responsiveness may be inconsistent; second-line treatment is immunotherapy. Conclusion: This review summarized clinically-important information about FSGS and MCD, and emphasized the need for further research in the field of clinical nephrology. Large scale trials such as the Cure Glomerulonephropathy should be conducted to gather information about the affected population.
{"title":"Review of Glomerular Diseases: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD)","authors":"Gursharan Sohi","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2091","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) are chronic glomerulopathies which may compromise patients’ quality of life, and for which there is no cure. This literature review aimed to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and best available treatment for the two conditions in order to outline a consolidated treatment protocol and identify future research considerations. \u0000Methods: PubMed was systematically searched by a single reviewer in order to identify primary studies pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment and classification of FSGS and MCD. Additionally, a hand search of UpToDate was conducted to glean further information about the best available evidence as summarized for clinician use. Relevant information was extracted and synthesized. \u0000Results: Primary FSGS and MCD result from distinct pathogenic mechanisms, hypothesized to involve kidney injury via immune dysregulation. Patients require a kidney biopsy for diagnostic purposes. First-line treatment involves glucocorticoids (i.e. prednisone), although patients’ responsiveness may be inconsistent; second-line treatment is immunotherapy. \u0000Conclusion: This review summarized clinically-important information about FSGS and MCD, and emphasized the need for further research in the field of clinical nephrology. Large scale trials such as the Cure Glomerulonephropathy should be conducted to gather information about the affected population.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125504822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2094
B. Labib
An intrinsic bacterial mechanism could play a fundamental role in the future of antibiotics. Using cryo-EM, the structural resolution of the effector protein complexed with its chaperone and other accessory proteins reveals the mechanism of action of type VI bacterial secretion system. The importance of the chaperone protein, used to prime the toxic effector protein, was previously identified. Future research efforts should encompass the immunity protein that may allow bacteria to evade the lethal effects of this mechanism.
{"title":"Could the Next Antibiotic Emerge from Bacteria?","authors":"B. Labib","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i2.2094","url":null,"abstract":"An intrinsic bacterial mechanism could play a fundamental role in the future of antibiotics. Using cryo-EM, the structural resolution of the effector protein complexed with its chaperone and other accessory proteins reveals the mechanism of action of type VI bacterial secretion system. The importance of the chaperone protein, used to prime the toxic effector protein, was previously identified. Future research efforts should encompass the immunity protein that may allow bacteria to evade the lethal effects of this mechanism.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114462891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-25DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1910
Mostafa Mohammed Elsabagh
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has paved the way for realizing gene-editing, but its main weakness lies in its potential for off-target effects. Studies into phages reveal that they express “anti-CRISPR” proteins which if harnessed, could provide us with the solution to this lack of control.
{"title":"Evading Evasion","authors":"Mostafa Mohammed Elsabagh","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1910","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR-Cas9 system has paved the way for realizing gene-editing, but its main weakness lies in its potential for off-target effects. Studies into phages reveal that they express “anti-CRISPR” proteins which if harnessed, could provide us with the solution to this lack of control.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127683495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-25DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1902
S. M. Zaidi
Obtaining information about your genes can be as easy as swabbing your cheek for DNA testing. Companies that offer direct-to-consumer genetic testing with saliva have the authority to collect and share personal data as well as test results from their clients. However, patients want their personal information to be protected and although these companies ask for consent before sharing information with third-party sources, companies have the right to use client data to initiate research or improve their business. Genetic testing companies need to respect their clients and understand that they are paying for a service which deals with sensitive information that individuals may not want collected and stored.
{"title":"Innovative Commercial and Private Genetic Testing Raises Privacy and Confidentiality Concerns","authors":"S. M. Zaidi","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1902","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining information about your genes can be as easy as swabbing your cheek for DNA testing. Companies that offer direct-to-consumer genetic testing with saliva have the authority to collect and share personal data as well as test results from their clients. However, patients want their personal information to be protected and although these companies ask for consent before sharing information with third-party sources, companies have the right to use client data to initiate research or improve their business. Genetic testing companies need to respect their clients and understand that they are paying for a service which deals with sensitive information that individuals may not want collected and stored.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-25DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1921
Bianca Colarossi
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an active pandemic in the spring of 2003, ravaging places such as Hong Kong and Canada. In Ontario, the healthcare system was extremely unprepared, hence resulting in a multitude of deaths, in which many were healthcare professionals. In contrast, Vancouver took the necessary precautions leading up to the outbreak, and the benefits of this can be seen in their low death toll. In the future, the Ontario healthcare system needs to learn from these mistakes by preparing personal protective equipment and educating healthcare professionals on proper infectious disease control protocol. This is a call to action for the Ontario healthcare system.
{"title":"How Our Healthcare System Failed During the SARS Outbreak","authors":"Bianca Colarossi","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i1.1921","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an active pandemic in the spring of 2003, ravaging places such as Hong Kong and Canada. In Ontario, the healthcare system was extremely unprepared, hence resulting in a multitude of deaths, in which many were healthcare professionals. In contrast, Vancouver took the necessary precautions leading up to the outbreak, and the benefits of this can be seen in their low death toll. In the future, the Ontario healthcare system needs to learn from these mistakes by preparing personal protective equipment and educating healthcare professionals on proper infectious disease control protocol. This is a call to action for the Ontario healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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