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Multigenerational Online Behavior and Media Use最新文献

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Social Media Activism From an Information Warfare and Security Perspective 从信息战和安全的角度看社会媒体行动主义
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch028
B. van Niekerk
The use of social media in advocacy, and particularly transnational advocacy, raises concerns of privacy and security for those conducting the advocacy and their contacts on social media. This chapter presents high-level summaries of cases of social media in advocacy and activism from the perspectives of information warfare and information security. From an analysis of these, the impact and relationships of social media in transnational advocacy and information security is discussed. Whilst online advocacy can be considered to be a form of information warfare aligned to a Cyber Macht theory, it can be argued that social media advocacy negatively impacts information security as it encourages various actors to actively attempt to breach security.
在倡导中使用社交媒体,特别是跨国倡导,引起了对倡导者及其在社交媒体上的联系人的隐私和安全的担忧。本章从信息战和信息安全的角度对社会媒体在倡导和行动主义中的案例进行了高层次的总结。从这些分析中,讨论了社交媒体在跨国宣传和信息安全中的影响和关系。虽然在线宣传可以被认为是一种与网络Macht理论相一致的信息战形式,但可以认为社交媒体宣传对信息安全产生了负面影响,因为它鼓励各种行动者积极尝试破坏安全。
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引用次数: 0
“Nothing Crueler Than High School Students” “没有比高中生更残忍的了”
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch041
L. Rosewarne
The Internet as a fearful place is a theme apparent in numerous film and television presentations whereby fears and anxieties about new technology are exploited and new ethical challenges are mounted. The idea that the Internet can make a person, particularly a young person, vulnerable has much traction on screen: in the context of bullying, narratives frequently demonstrate that while it was once restricted to the parameters of school—the school grounds and the school day—the Internet enables such behavior to happen at any time and for it to occur repeatedly with an infinite audience. Anybody with Internet access—be it via their laptop or smartphone—can be bullied; equally, anyone with access to such technology can become the bully. Revictimization is the starting point for this discussion and is a key factor in distinguishing cyberbullying from the schoolyard terror of the pre–Web era. The public nature of many online attacks means that victims experience abuse in an ongoing fashion in turn, exacerbating and prolonging the trauma. Other themes explored include the flexibility of roles: whereas in schoolyard bullying the victim is frequently the weaker kid preyed upon by someone older and stronger; online the weaker kid can effortlessly become the bully themselves in a world where physical brawn is less important than computer prowess. Age and gender are also examined, along with emerging social concerns such as slut-shaming and revenge porn. These themes are each explored to expose the ways film and television depict social concerns exacerbated by new technology.
互联网是一个可怕的地方,这一主题在许多电影和电视节目中都很明显,人们对新技术的恐惧和焦虑被利用,新的道德挑战也随之而来。互联网可以让一个人,尤其是年轻人,变得脆弱的想法在屏幕上很有吸引力:在欺凌的背景下,叙事经常表明,虽然它曾经局限于学校的参数-学校场地和上学日-互联网使这种行为随时发生,并且在无限的观众中反复发生。任何可以上网的人——无论是通过笔记本电脑还是智能手机——都可能被欺负;同样,任何能接触到这种技术的人都可能成为恶霸。再次受害是这一讨论的出发点,也是区分网络欺凌与前网络时代校园恐怖的关键因素。许多网络攻击的公开性质意味着受害者会不断地遭受虐待,从而加剧和延长创伤。其他探讨的主题还包括角色的灵活性:在校园欺凌中,受害者往往是被更年长更强壮的人欺负的弱小孩子;在网络上,弱小的孩子可以毫不费力地成为恃强凌弱的人,因为在这个世界里,体力不如电脑能力重要。年龄和性别,以及荡妇羞辱和复仇色情等新出现的社会问题也被考察。这些主题都是为了揭示电影和电视描绘新技术加剧的社会问题的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Youth and Mobile 青年及流动人士
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch090
Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh, Seyedali Ahrari, Bahaman Abu Samah, J. Othman
While the rapid growth in studies on the effects of mobile phones has deepened our understanding of the role mobile phones play in the socialization process of youth, further work is required in reviewing the growing influence of mobile phones for continuing socialization. The objective of this paper therefore is to assess literature from a range of selected studies and in doing so, highlight the role of mobile phones in contributing to youth socialization. This state-of-the-art review demonstrates that mobile phones are a powerful socializing tool that can lead to plentiful consequences. It will show that the influence of mobile phones can be beneficial. It explores the harmful effects of mobile phones. Finally, this chapter will incorporate previous advancements in research to inform forthcoming research and identify new concepts, themes and theories to support or improve the role of mobile phones in increasing the socialization skills of youth.
虽然关于手机影响的研究的快速增长加深了我们对手机在青少年社会化过程中所起作用的理解,但需要进一步的工作来审查手机对持续社会化的日益增长的影响。因此,本文的目的是从一系列选定的研究中评估文献,并在这样做时,突出手机在促进青年社会化方面的作用。这项最新的研究表明,手机是一种强大的社交工具,可以带来很多后果。这将表明手机的影响是有益的。它探讨了手机的有害影响。最后,本章将结合以前的研究进展,为即将开展的研究提供信息,并确定新的概念、主题和理论,以支持或改善手机在提高青少年社交技能方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Communication Between Real-World and Cyber-World 现实世界与网络世界之间的交流
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch082
Hüseyin Tolu
Racism is one of the oldest, most oppressive issues along with other extreme forms of social communications. Nevertheless, the internet has already led to the opportunity of cyber-racism that occurs more surreptitiously and aggressively than before. This study commences by unravelling the abstractions of conventional-racism and cyber-racism, and it introduces the global stakeholders' approaches and counter measures, in particular the EU and the USA and their regulated and non-regulated practices to combat cyber-racism. This paper shall then bring forward informative argumentations on how the stakeholders' perspectives on cyber-racism can be scrutinised by focusing on both values of being human (individualism) and a reconciled global-society (cosmopolitanism) towards contemporary debates in the sociology of education and technology. In this conceptual thinking, even though hate-mongers are using internet technology to spread their hatred what is the acceptable action for us to do in the subject of internet governance?
种族主义和其他极端形式的社会交往一样,是最古老、最具压迫性的问题之一。然而,互联网已经为网络种族主义提供了比以前更加隐蔽和激进的机会。本研究首先揭示了传统种族主义和网络种族主义的抽象概念,并介绍了全球利益相关者的方法和应对措施,特别是欧盟和美国及其管制和非管制的做法,以打击网络种族主义。然后,本文将提出关于如何通过关注人类价值观(个人主义)和全球社会和解(世界主义)来审视利益相关者对网络种族主义的看法的信息论证,以应对当代教育和技术社会学的辩论。在这种观念思维下,即使仇恨贩子利用互联网技术传播仇恨,在互联网治理的主体下,我们可以采取什么行动?
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Dysfunctional Internet Use 预测不良的互联网使用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch086
B. Stodt, Elisa Wegmann, M. Brand
Internet addiction (IA) and cyberbullying (CB) represent two examples of dysfunctional Internet use (DIU) which are accompanied by negative consequences. In terms of prevention, the training of technical and reflective skills (Internet literacy) will be discussed with regard to these patterns. This study investigates the role of age, conscientiousness, and Internet literacy on IA symptoms and the participation in CB. Analyses reveal that positive attitudes towards online production and interaction and lower self-regulative skills can be associated with severe IA symptoms. Cyberbullies display less skills in reflecting on Internet content and also prove to have less self-regulative skills. Younger and less conscientious individuals are more likely to use the Internet dysfunctionally. Furthermore, significant correlations between experiences as a cyberbully and IA symptoms were found. In conclusion, the authors suggest that current media/Internet literacy curricula should be complemented by teaching reflective and regulative skills to prevent Internet users from negative consequences.
网络成瘾(IA)和网络欺凌(CB)是网络使用功能失调(DIU)的两个例子,并伴有负面后果。在预防方面,将针对这些模式讨论技术和反思技能(因特网知识)的培训。本研究探讨年龄、责任心、网络读写能力对IA症状及参与CB的影响。分析表明,对在线制作和互动的积极态度以及较低的自我调节技能可能与严重的IA症状有关。网络欺凌者在反思网络内容方面表现出较少的技能,同时也证明了他们缺乏自我监管的技能。年轻人和缺乏责任心的人更有可能不正常地使用互联网。此外,研究还发现,网络欺凌经历与IA症状之间存在显著相关性。总之,作者建议,当前的媒体/互联网扫盲课程应该辅以反思和管理技能的教学,以防止互联网用户受到负面影响。
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引用次数: 1
Pedagogical Potential of Virtual Worlds 虚拟世界的教学潜力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch089
A. Manzoor
Every year, the number of people using virtual worlds is increasing. Virtual worlds and their avatars is a unique 3D experience for users. It is expected that virtual worlds will soon become the primary platform for all online activities. Looking at the increasing usage of virtual worlds, educators have started to use virtual worlds in their classes. Virtual worlds have the potential to provide a plethora of opportunities for meaningful learning. The objective of this chapter was to explore the potential applications of virtual worlds to enhance teaching pedagogies. This chapter explored many strengths and weaknesses of virtual worlds in academic settings. Some important issues were highlighted and specific recommendations were provided to make virtual worlds a more powerful and effective environment for student learning.
每年,使用虚拟世界的人数都在增加。虚拟世界及其化身为用户提供了一种独特的3D体验。预计虚拟世界将很快成为所有在线活动的主要平台。随着虚拟世界的使用越来越多,教育工作者也开始在课堂上使用虚拟世界。虚拟世界有可能提供大量有意义的学习机会。本章的目的是探讨虚拟世界在提高教学方法方面的潜在应用。本章探讨了虚拟世界在学术环境中的许多优点和缺点。强调了一些重要问题,并提出了具体的建议,以使虚拟世界成为一个更强大和有效的学生学习环境。
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引用次数: 0
Smartwatches vs. Smartphones 智能手表vs.智能手机
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch024
W. Giang, H. Chen, Birsen Donmez
This work seeks to understand whether the unique features of a smartwatch, compared to a smartphone, mitigate or exacerbate driver distraction due to notifications, and to provide insights about drivers' perceptions of the risks associated with using smartwatches while driving. As smartwatches are gaining popularity among consumers, there is a need to understand how smartwatch use may influence driving performance. Previous driving research has examined voice calling on smartwatches, but not interactions with notifications, a key marketed feature. Engaging with notifications (e.g., reading and texting) on a handheld device is a known distraction associated with increased crash risks. Two driving simulator studies compared smartwatch to smartphone notifications. Experiment I asked participants to read aloud brief text notifications and Experiment II had participants manually select a response to arithmetic questions presented as notifications. Both experiments investigated the resulting glances to and physical interactions with the devices, as well as self-reported risk perception. Experiment II also investigated driving performance and self-reported knowledge/expectation about legislation surrounding the use of smart devices while driving. Experiment I found that participants were faster to visually engage with the notification on the smartwatch than the smartphone, took longer to finish reading aloud the notifications, and exhibited more glances longer than 1.6 s. Experiment II found that participants took longer to reply to notifications and had longer overall glance durations on the smartwatch than the smartphone, along with longer brake reaction times to lead vehicle braking events. Compared to the no device baseline, both devices increased lane position variability and resulted in higher self-reported perceived risk. Experiment II participants also considered that smartwatch use while driving deserves penalties equal to or less than smartphone use. The findings suggest that smartwatches may have road safety consequences. Given the common view among participants to associate smartwatch use with equal or less traffic penalties than smartphone use, there may be a disconnect between drivers' actual performance and their perceptions about smartwatch use while driving.
这项工作旨在了解与智能手机相比,智能手表的独特功能是否减轻或加剧了驾驶员因通知而引起的分心,并提供驾驶员对驾驶时使用智能手表相关风险的看法。随着智能手表在消费者中越来越受欢迎,有必要了解智能手表的使用如何影响驾驶性能。之前的驾驶研究研究了智能手表上的语音呼叫,但没有研究与通知的交互,这是一项关键的市场功能。在手持设备上使用通知(例如,阅读和发短信)是一种众所周知的分心,与增加的撞车风险有关。两项驾驶模拟器研究将智能手表和智能手机通知进行了比较。实验一要求参与者大声朗读简短的文本通知,实验二让参与者手动选择一个作为通知的算术问题的答案。这两个实验都调查了人们对这些设备的目光和身体互动,以及自我报告的风险感知。实验二还调查了驾驶表现和自述的关于驾驶时使用智能设备的立法知识/期望。实验一发现,与智能手机相比,参与者在视觉上更快地关注智能手表上的通知,花更长的时间来大声朗读通知,并且花了更多的时间来浏览超过1.6秒的通知。实验二发现,参与者回复通知的时间更长,看智能手表的时间也比看智能手机的时间更长,对车辆刹车事件的反应时间也更长。与无装置基线相比,两种装置都增加了车道位置的可变性,并导致更高的自我报告感知风险。实验二的参与者还认为,开车时使用智能手表应该受到与使用智能手机相同或更少的处罚。研究结果表明,智能手表可能会对道路安全造成影响。考虑到参与者普遍认为,与使用智能手机相比,使用智能手表带来的交通处罚相同或更少,司机的实际表现与他们对驾驶时使用智能手表的看法可能存在脱节。
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引用次数: 0
“A Large Can of Worms” 《一大罐蠕虫》
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch046
L. Betts, K. Spenser
Digital technology use is increasingly impacting on the lives of young people. To gain a deeper understanding of the perceived impact of young people's digital technology use, 2 focus groups were conducted with 14 teachers recruited from 2 schools. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The analysis revealed three themes: changing social dynamics, risk and (ir)responsible behaviour, and disclosure and reporting of cyber bullying. Participants discussed how digital technology was shaping young people's social identity and impacting on established norms when interacting in the social arena. A number of benefits were attributed to technology use but participants also recognised young people's naivety and tendency to anthropomorphise the internet. Finally, there was a perception that young people underreported their experiences of cyber bullying and some of the challenges faced when tackling cyber bullying were discussed.
数字技术的使用对年轻人生活的影响越来越大。为了更深入地了解年轻人使用数字技术的感知影响,我们从两所学校招募了14名教师进行了两个焦点小组。对焦点小组进行逐字转录,并使用解释现象学分析进行分析。分析揭示了三个主题:不断变化的社会动态、风险和(ir)负责任的行为,以及网络欺凌的披露和报告。与会者讨论了数字技术如何塑造年轻人的社会身份,以及在社会舞台上互动时对既定规范的影响。科技的使用带来了许多好处,但参与者也意识到年轻人的天真和将互联网拟人化的倾向。最后,有一种看法认为年轻人低估了他们的网络欺凌经历,并讨论了应对网络欺凌时面临的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescents' Experiences of Cyberbullying 青少年的网络欺凌经历
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch072
Minghui Gao, Xu Zhao, Mark McJunkin
This paper reports a multi-method study that investigated adolescents' experiences of cyberbullying. Sixty-one students (grades 10-12) responded to a survey that requires answers of both quantitative and qualitative nature. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed to understand frequencies and compare gender and grade differences. Qualitative data were coded to identify themes. Results suggest that a substantial portion of adolescents have experienced cyberbullying of various types. Significant gender differences exist in cyberstalking, with girls being more likely than boys to be subject to cyberstalking. Significant grade related differences exist in cyberstalking and exclusion, with 12th graders more likely to be victims of cyberstalking and exclusion than 10th and 11th graders. The majority of adolescents are unwilling to report cyberbullying experiences to adults due to reasons including lack of awareness or underestimating the negative effect of cyberbullying, fear of adults' overreaction, and the desire to deal with the problem by themselves.
本研究采用多方法调查青少年网络欺凌经历。61名学生(10-12年级)回答了一项调查,该调查需要定量和定性的答案。对定量数据进行统计分析,以了解频率并比较性别和年级差异。对定性数据进行编码以确定主题。结果表明,相当一部分青少年经历过各种类型的网络欺凌。在网络跟踪中存在显著的性别差异,女孩比男孩更容易遭受网络跟踪。网络跟踪和排斥存在显著的年级相关差异,12年级学生比10年级和11年级学生更容易成为网络跟踪和排斥的受害者。大多数青少年不愿意向成年人报告网络欺凌经历,原因包括对网络欺凌的负面影响缺乏认识或低估,害怕成年人的过度反应,以及希望自己处理问题。
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引用次数: 2
Mobile Security in Low-Income Households' Businesses 低收入家庭业务中的移动安全
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch038
B. Chummun
A wide range of technologies impinges on all disciplines including financial services in this era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The deployment and security of mobile phones have considerably increased financial services access such as mobile money to the low-income households in developing African markets recently. The financial services that were once randomly accessible to those financially excluded have now become a potential pathway to enhance financial inclusion in allowing the low-income households to transact through mobile financial services in a more speedy, reliable, and secure manner. However, many security challenges remain to be addressed to promote a more inclusive mobile financial system. This chapter focuses on mobile devices security landscape and unprecedented security breaches by cyber criminals and how those threats can be mitigated in a view to promote financial inclusion in the mobile financial services sector of emerging African markets in the midst of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
在这个第四次工业革命的时代,各种各样的技术影响着包括金融服务在内的所有学科。最近,移动电话的部署和安全性大大增加了发展中非洲市场低收入家庭获得移动货币等金融服务的机会。曾经被排除在金融服务之外的人可以随机获得的金融服务,现在已经成为加强金融包容性的潜在途径,使低收入家庭能够通过移动金融服务以更快速、可靠和安全的方式进行交易。然而,为了促进更具包容性的移动金融体系,仍有许多安全挑战有待解决。本章重点关注移动设备安全形势和网络犯罪分子前所未有的安全漏洞,以及如何减轻这些威胁,以促进第四次工业革命中新兴非洲市场移动金融服务部门的金融包容性。
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引用次数: 0
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Multigenerational Online Behavior and Media Use
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