Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49461
M. Schafer, P. Lewin
A technique for analyzing the surface velocity patterns of ultrasonic transmitters based on the angular spectrum method of wave-field analysis is presented. In this approach, acoustic propagation between parallel planar surfaces is modeled using the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the wave field, with each element in the spatial frequency domain multiplied by the appropriate phase factor. The technique was extended from the basic monochromatic model to the wideband pulsed case. An experimental system was built to measure the acoustic fields from various transducers, including the single-element and multi-element phased arrays. Backpropagation results are shown for circular planar, circular focused, and rectangular phase-steered transducers. The results demonstrate the ability of the extended angular spectrum method to reconstruct the surface velocity distribution of complex acoustic radiators.<>
{"title":"Transducer surface velocity reconstructions using the angular spectrum method","authors":"M. Schafer, P. Lewin","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49461","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for analyzing the surface velocity patterns of ultrasonic transmitters based on the angular spectrum method of wave-field analysis is presented. In this approach, acoustic propagation between parallel planar surfaces is modeled using the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the wave field, with each element in the spatial frequency domain multiplied by the appropriate phase factor. The technique was extended from the basic monochromatic model to the wideband pulsed case. An experimental system was built to measure the acoustic fields from various transducers, including the single-element and multi-element phased arrays. Backpropagation results are shown for circular planar, circular focused, and rectangular phase-steered transducers. The results demonstrate the ability of the extended angular spectrum method to reconstruct the surface velocity distribution of complex acoustic radiators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129437491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49389
D. Walikainen, R. Wiegert, M. Levy
The authors derive an expression for the change in SAW (surface acoustic wave) velocity as a function of in-plane magnetic field for thin magnetostrictive films, which compares well with the data for thin Ni films. The proposed dynamic model is based on describing the films' in-plane magnetization as being perturbed by the periodic magnetostrictive induced change in the anisotropy field. The dissipation is phenomenologically accounted for by the Gilbert equation. It is shown that the attenuation and velocity changes have the same qualitative field dependence.<>
{"title":"Magnetic field dependence of 600 MHz SAW velocity changes for thin Ni films","authors":"D. Walikainen, R. Wiegert, M. Levy","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49389","url":null,"abstract":"The authors derive an expression for the change in SAW (surface acoustic wave) velocity as a function of in-plane magnetic field for thin magnetostrictive films, which compares well with the data for thin Ni films. The proposed dynamic model is based on describing the films' in-plane magnetization as being perturbed by the periodic magnetostrictive induced change in the anisotropy field. The dissipation is phenomenologically accounted for by the Gilbert equation. It is shown that the attenuation and velocity changes have the same qualitative field dependence.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129453003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49363
A. Rønnekleiv
A novel method for correction of the amplitude and phase response of RAC (reflecting array pulse compressor)-type chirp lines on quartz is demonstrated. The corrections are obtained through normal or reactive RF sputter etching of the lines through a moving slit. For amplitude correction the material selectivity of reactive sputter etching is used to correct the groove depth after initial fabrication of the lines. A thin Cr film, left in place in the finished line, is used as an etching mask. Phase correction is done by sputtering off gold from a gold line between the two arrays. Using this method a Kaiser-Bessel weighted line with a chirp rate of 0.0576 MHz/ mu s and 120- mu s dispersive delay was made, and weighted RMS (root mean square) amplitude and phase errors of 0.086 dB and 0.45 degrees were obtained.<>
{"title":"Amplitude and phase compensation of RAC-type chirp lines on quartz","authors":"A. Rønnekleiv","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49363","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method for correction of the amplitude and phase response of RAC (reflecting array pulse compressor)-type chirp lines on quartz is demonstrated. The corrections are obtained through normal or reactive RF sputter etching of the lines through a moving slit. For amplitude correction the material selectivity of reactive sputter etching is used to correct the groove depth after initial fabrication of the lines. A thin Cr film, left in place in the finished line, is used as an etching mask. Phase correction is done by sputtering off gold from a gold line between the two arrays. Using this method a Kaiser-Bessel weighted line with a chirp rate of 0.0576 MHz/ mu s and 120- mu s dispersive delay was made, and weighted RMS (root mean square) amplitude and phase errors of 0.086 dB and 0.45 degrees were obtained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123854719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49414
I. Chang
High-performance wideband Bragg cells suited to EW receiver applications were developed using L[111] and S[110] modes in GaP. Efficiency enhancement was demonstrated using a planar phased array design. Demonstrated results include a 1-GHz bandwidth device with a diffraction efficiency of 100% per RF watt. The unified theory of IMPs (intermodulation products) in Bragg cells was applied in the device design. Based on the theory, it is concluded that phased array designs should be used to eliminate IMPs due to nonlinear acoustics.<>
{"title":"High performance wideband Bragg cells","authors":"I. Chang","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49414","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance wideband Bragg cells suited to EW receiver applications were developed using L[111] and S[110] modes in GaP. Efficiency enhancement was demonstrated using a planar phased array design. Demonstrated results include a 1-GHz bandwidth device with a diffraction efficiency of 100% per RF watt. The unified theory of IMPs (intermodulation products) in Bragg cells was applied in the device design. Based on the theory, it is concluded that phased array designs should be used to eliminate IMPs due to nonlinear acoustics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"65 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49375
T. Ryuo, M. Tanno
(LaY)/sub 3/(FeGa)/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (LaGaYIG) epitaxial film was grown on yttrium gadolinium garnet (YOG), and the properties of this film were investigated with emphasis on the temperature shift. It is found that the LaGaYIG/YOG film shows a parabolic temperature dependence of the perpendicular resonance field at room temperature and a Delta H value of 1-2 Oe at X-band. The performance of a magnetic forward volume wave (MSFVW) narrowband filter made from this material is also presented. This filter showed an extremely small center frequency change, within 11 MHz from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C at 5.5 GHz.<>
{"title":"High quality YIG film for MSW devices","authors":"T. Ryuo, M. Tanno","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49375","url":null,"abstract":"(LaY)/sub 3/(FeGa)/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (LaGaYIG) epitaxial film was grown on yttrium gadolinium garnet (YOG), and the properties of this film were investigated with emphasis on the temperature shift. It is found that the LaGaYIG/YOG film shows a parabolic temperature dependence of the perpendicular resonance field at room temperature and a Delta H value of 1-2 Oe at X-band. The performance of a magnetic forward volume wave (MSFVW) narrowband filter made from this material is also presented. This filter showed an extremely small center frequency change, within 11 MHz from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C at 5.5 GHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49468
S. Elrod, B. Hadimioglu, B. Khuri-Yakub, E. Rawson, C. Quate
The authors report the use of focused acoustic beams to eject discrete droplets of controlled diameter and velocity from a free liquid surface. No nozzles are involved. Droplet formation has been experimentally demonstrated over the frequency range 5 to 300 MHz, with corresponding droplet diameters from 300 to 5 mu m. The physics of droplet formation is essentially unchanged over this frequency range. For acoustic focusing elements have similar geometries, droplet diameter has been found to scale inversely with the acoustic frequency. The authors summarize the results of a simple model that is used to obtain analytical expressions for important parameters and their scaling with acoustic frequency. The authors also briefly describe a numerical model that successfully predicts the key features of droplet formation.<>
{"title":"Focused acoustic beams for nozzleless droplet formation","authors":"S. Elrod, B. Hadimioglu, B. Khuri-Yakub, E. Rawson, C. Quate","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49468","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report the use of focused acoustic beams to eject discrete droplets of controlled diameter and velocity from a free liquid surface. No nozzles are involved. Droplet formation has been experimentally demonstrated over the frequency range 5 to 300 MHz, with corresponding droplet diameters from 300 to 5 mu m. The physics of droplet formation is essentially unchanged over this frequency range. For acoustic focusing elements have similar geometries, droplet diameter has been found to scale inversely with the acoustic frequency. The authors summarize the results of a simple model that is used to obtain analytical expressions for important parameters and their scaling with acoustic frequency. The authors also briefly describe a numerical model that successfully predicts the key features of droplet formation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128114089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49517
C. Diederich, K. Hynynen
Cylindrical transducer elements, with sizes and operating frequencies favorable for applications in hyperthermia, are characterized. The effects of cutting these elements from whole cylinders down to halves and quarters (cuts parallel to axis), as well as the resonant frequency of operation (0.5, 1.0, and 1.6 MHz), were investigated. These results were used to develop clinical applicators consisting of multiple elements, one device for each frequency. These clinical applicators were operated with the controlled cooling of the tissue/applicator interface. The efficacy of these applicators were tested in vivo in the canine prostrate, rectal wall, and vaginal wall. The ability of these clinical applicators to provide controlled heating for different tumor geometries is discussed.<>
{"title":"The development and characterization of clinical intracavity ultrasonic applicators for hyperthermia","authors":"C. Diederich, K. Hynynen","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49517","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrical transducer elements, with sizes and operating frequencies favorable for applications in hyperthermia, are characterized. The effects of cutting these elements from whole cylinders down to halves and quarters (cuts parallel to axis), as well as the resonant frequency of operation (0.5, 1.0, and 1.6 MHz), were investigated. These results were used to develop clinical applicators consisting of multiple elements, one device for each frequency. These clinical applicators were operated with the controlled cooling of the tissue/applicator interface. The efficacy of these applicators were tested in vivo in the canine prostrate, rectal wall, and vaginal wall. The ability of these clinical applicators to provide controlled heating for different tumor geometries is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131396862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49510
A. Sarvazyan, G.V. Shilnikow, A. Priev
The specific increment of ultrasound velocity in aqueous solutions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their fragments, extracted from different mammals, was measured. The changes in the acoustic characteristics of solutions during antigen-antibody reactions were investigated. It was shown that the formation of an immune complex in the insulin-antibody reaction leads to a substantial increase in the ultrasound velocity.<>
{"title":"An ultrasound study of immunochemical systems","authors":"A. Sarvazyan, G.V. Shilnikow, A. Priev","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49510","url":null,"abstract":"The specific increment of ultrasound velocity in aqueous solutions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their fragments, extracted from different mammals, was measured. The changes in the acoustic characteristics of solutions during antigen-antibody reactions were investigated. It was shown that the formation of an immune complex in the insulin-antibody reaction leads to a substantial increase in the ultrasound velocity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131611515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49498
P. D. Hanna, W. Yost
The authors have developed a technique for absolutely calibrating the displacement amplitudes of megahertz waves in liquids by using a liquid-immersible electrostatic acoustic transducer. They examine the effects of diffraction on the liquid-membrane coupling and absolute transducer calibration by comparing near-field (Fresnel diffraction) and far-field (Fraunhofer diffraction) measurements. Results are obtained from the measurements of absolute wave displacements in the angstrom and subangstrom range in water. The diffraction-corrected absolute sensitivity of a low-frequency (500 kHz) damped ultrasonic transducer is also presented.<>
{"title":"Effects of diffraction on the membrane response of the submersible electrostatic acoustic transducer","authors":"P. D. Hanna, W. Yost","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49498","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a technique for absolutely calibrating the displacement amplitudes of megahertz waves in liquids by using a liquid-immersible electrostatic acoustic transducer. They examine the effects of diffraction on the liquid-membrane coupling and absolute transducer calibration by comparing near-field (Fresnel diffraction) and far-field (Fraunhofer diffraction) measurements. Results are obtained from the measurements of absolute wave displacements in the angstrom and subangstrom range in water. The diffraction-corrected absolute sensitivity of a low-frequency (500 kHz) damped ultrasonic transducer is also presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132623249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49392
X. Bao, V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan, R.H. Tancrell
The propagation characteristics of the fundamental symmetric Lamb waves in a thick (0.5-mm) voided PVDF (polyvinylidene chloride) sheet wave studied experimentally. Broad-bandwidth Lamb waves were generated and received by interdigital transducers. By using the FFT (fast Fourier transform) technique, the phase velocity and attenuation of the Lamb waves along the 1-axis (stretch direction) and 2-axis were measured as a function of frequency. The results show that the attenuation in the measuring range are approximately proportional to 1.33 power of frequency. The velocities of the waves along both axes increase with frequency. From the measured data, two complex planar stiffness constants of PVDF were calculated.<>
{"title":"An experimental investigation of Lamb waves in a PVDF sheet","authors":"X. Bao, V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan, R.H. Tancrell","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49392","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation characteristics of the fundamental symmetric Lamb waves in a thick (0.5-mm) voided PVDF (polyvinylidene chloride) sheet wave studied experimentally. Broad-bandwidth Lamb waves were generated and received by interdigital transducers. By using the FFT (fast Fourier transform) technique, the phase velocity and attenuation of the Lamb waves along the 1-axis (stretch direction) and 2-axis were measured as a function of frequency. The results show that the attenuation in the measuring range are approximately proportional to 1.33 power of frequency. The velocities of the waves along both axes increase with frequency. From the measured data, two complex planar stiffness constants of PVDF were calculated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133519679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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