Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49446
M. Yoneyama, S. Watanabe, H. Kitagawa, T. Okamoto, T. Morita
With the goal of recognizing and faithfully reconstructing objects using ultrasonic waves, the authors devised a system which combines existing acoustic holography with neural networks. The merits of this system is its ability to analyze rather vague ultrasonic waves received by an array of receivers and then to faithfully reconstruct the image. The first step in this research has been the recognition of planar objects.<>
{"title":"Neural network recognizing 3-dimensional object through ultrasonic scattering waves","authors":"M. Yoneyama, S. Watanabe, H. Kitagawa, T. Okamoto, T. Morita","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49446","url":null,"abstract":"With the goal of recognizing and faithfully reconstructing objects using ultrasonic waves, the authors devised a system which combines existing acoustic holography with neural networks. The merits of this system is its ability to analyze rather vague ultrasonic waves received by an array of receivers and then to faithfully reconstruct the image. The first step in this research has been the recognition of planar objects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122079994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49452
A. Alippi, F. Craciun, E. Molinari
The stopband-edge frequencies of periodic composite plates made of alternating elements of piezoelectric ceramic and epoxy resin are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A model is proposed for the transmission function of plates with a finite number of elements below their thickness resonance, and the results are compared with the electrically excited acoustical resonances of samples with different structural parameters (size and number of elements, and volumic fraction). The excellent agreement between theory and experiments supports possibility of using the present approach to tailor the resonance spectra of composites in the below-thickness regime by varying their structural parameters in a controlled way.<>
{"title":"Stopband-edge frequencies in the resonance spectra of piezoelectric periodic composite plates","authors":"A. Alippi, F. Craciun, E. Molinari","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49452","url":null,"abstract":"The stopband-edge frequencies of periodic composite plates made of alternating elements of piezoelectric ceramic and epoxy resin are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A model is proposed for the transmission function of plates with a finite number of elements below their thickness resonance, and the results are compared with the electrically excited acoustical resonances of samples with different structural parameters (size and number of elements, and volumic fraction). The excellent agreement between theory and experiments supports possibility of using the present approach to tailor the resonance spectra of composites in the below-thickness regime by varying their structural parameters in a controlled way.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122585081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49361
D. Oates, D. Smythe, J.B. Green, R. Withers
The SAW (surface acoustic wave)/FET (field-effect transistor) programmable transversal filter utilizes a LiNbO/sub 3/ SAW delay line that is coupled to a silicon integrated circuit across a 300 nm air gap. A SAW/FET with an integrated circuit that incorporates a varistor-controlled tap-weighting circuit has been built. The varistor is a MOSFET (metal-oxide-silicon FET) whose resistance determines the tap weight and is controlled by the voltage stored on the capacitance of the MOSFET gate. The integrated circuit contains the taps, tap weighting and RF summing circuitry to accomplish the transversal filter function. A digital shift register operates as a commutator that allows serial programming of the individual analog tap weights. There are 350 analog taps that yield a 1.5- mu s delay with a programmable bandwidth of 100 MHz at a center frequency of 175 MHz. The programmable tap on/off is greater than 30 dB with a +or-1.0-dB uniformity. When programmed as a narrowband filter, the out-of-band rejection is greater than 35 dB across the entire 100-MHz programmable bandwidth.<>
{"title":"SAW/FET programmable filter with varistor taps for improved performance","authors":"D. Oates, D. Smythe, J.B. Green, R. Withers","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49361","url":null,"abstract":"The SAW (surface acoustic wave)/FET (field-effect transistor) programmable transversal filter utilizes a LiNbO/sub 3/ SAW delay line that is coupled to a silicon integrated circuit across a 300 nm air gap. A SAW/FET with an integrated circuit that incorporates a varistor-controlled tap-weighting circuit has been built. The varistor is a MOSFET (metal-oxide-silicon FET) whose resistance determines the tap weight and is controlled by the voltage stored on the capacitance of the MOSFET gate. The integrated circuit contains the taps, tap weighting and RF summing circuitry to accomplish the transversal filter function. A digital shift register operates as a commutator that allows serial programming of the individual analog tap weights. There are 350 analog taps that yield a 1.5- mu s delay with a programmable bandwidth of 100 MHz at a center frequency of 175 MHz. The programmable tap on/off is greater than 30 dB with a +or-1.0-dB uniformity. When programmed as a narrowband filter, the out-of-band rejection is greater than 35 dB across the entire 100-MHz programmable bandwidth.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122772769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49459
H. Vos, R. Schepers, J. Vogel
The circular array system was found to be a viable way to construct a rotating ultrasonic transducer without moving mechanical parts. Computer simulations were carried out to investigate the beam pattern related to this probe design. These indicated that subgroups should preferably consist of 8 to 16 elements. The beam pattern was found to be comparable to the beam pattern of a flat rectangular transducer when the phase shift related to probe curvature is compensated for by appropriate electronic delays on the respective elements within each subgroup. Furthermore, the viability of electronic focusing was demonstrated. A prototype probe consisting of 128 elements and operating at a frequency of 1 MHz was built. Measurements on multielement performance confirmed the results of computer simulations with regard to both beam rotation and focusing.<>
{"title":"An ultrasonic circular array transducer for pipeline and borehole inspection","authors":"H. Vos, R. Schepers, J. Vogel","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49459","url":null,"abstract":"The circular array system was found to be a viable way to construct a rotating ultrasonic transducer without moving mechanical parts. Computer simulations were carried out to investigate the beam pattern related to this probe design. These indicated that subgroups should preferably consist of 8 to 16 elements. The beam pattern was found to be comparable to the beam pattern of a flat rectangular transducer when the phase shift related to probe curvature is compensated for by appropriate electronic delays on the respective elements within each subgroup. Furthermore, the viability of electronic focusing was demonstrated. A prototype probe consisting of 128 elements and operating at a frequency of 1 MHz was built. Measurements on multielement performance confirmed the results of computer simulations with regard to both beam rotation and focusing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49547
J. Fanton, G. Kino, B. Khuri-Yakub
The authors have demonstrated the ability to make high-resolution thermal conductivity measurements of ceramic superconductors. The technique is nondestructive, has submicron resolution, and can measure the conductivity in a specified direction. The authors have measured the anisotropy in thermal conductivity of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub x/ and found that the conduction along the Cu-O planes is six times greater than in the perpendicular direction. By incorporating refrigeration in their setup, they plan to measure the full, anisotropic thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, with particular emphasis on the behavior near T/sub c/.<>
{"title":"Photothermal imaging of high T/sub c/ superconductor","authors":"J. Fanton, G. Kino, B. Khuri-Yakub","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49547","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have demonstrated the ability to make high-resolution thermal conductivity measurements of ceramic superconductors. The technique is nondestructive, has submicron resolution, and can measure the conductivity in a specified direction. The authors have measured the anisotropy in thermal conductivity of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub x/ and found that the conduction along the Cu-O planes is six times greater than in the perpendicular direction. By incorporating refrigeration in their setup, they plan to measure the full, anisotropic thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, with particular emphasis on the behavior near T/sub c/.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128288060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49550
P. Parent, C. Chou, B. Khuri-Yakub
The authors have developed an amplitude- and phase-measuring acoustic microscope to detect surface defects a few micrometers deep in ceramic ball bearings. The system is capable of measuring phase variation on the order of 1 degrees . The phase detection capability is necessary to detect shallow surface depressions when no crack is present at the bottom of the depression, and the detection of the defect, through V(z) variation, requires operating the system in the gigahertz frequency range. A C-scan system is operational and allows the detection of fissures and gouges, even when shallow. A novel B-scan system has been designed in order to detect smaller cracks and to get full coverage of the bearings.<>
{"title":"Ball bearing inspection with an acoustic microscope","authors":"P. Parent, C. Chou, B. Khuri-Yakub","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49550","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed an amplitude- and phase-measuring acoustic microscope to detect surface defects a few micrometers deep in ceramic ball bearings. The system is capable of measuring phase variation on the order of 1 degrees . The phase detection capability is necessary to detect shallow surface depressions when no crack is present at the bottom of the depression, and the detection of the defect, through V(z) variation, requires operating the system in the gigahertz frequency range. A C-scan system is operational and allows the detection of fissures and gouges, even when shallow. A novel B-scan system has been designed in order to detect smaller cracks and to get full coverage of the bearings.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"25 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130191497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49338
K. Wagner, G. Visintini
The authors report the simulation of the bulk wave transmission characteristics of planar acoustic devices on arbitrary substrates. Starting from the basic acoustoelectric differential equations, the analysis is based on the Green's function formalism and the Ritz-Galerkin method. In contrast to previously published papers, the authors apply these methods to devices with large apodized IDTs (interdigital transducers) and treat the interaction with bulk waves rigorously during generations as well as reception. They derive a CPIM (charge potential interrelation matrix) formulation of the voltage weighting analysis method for apodized IDTs and compare it with the track-by-track analysis method. Finally, simulation results of the spurious bulk wave responses of a TV filter with 170 IDT fingers are presented.<>
{"title":"Spurious bulk waves in SAW filters with apodized transducers","authors":"K. Wagner, G. Visintini","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49338","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report the simulation of the bulk wave transmission characteristics of planar acoustic devices on arbitrary substrates. Starting from the basic acoustoelectric differential equations, the analysis is based on the Green's function formalism and the Ritz-Galerkin method. In contrast to previously published papers, the authors apply these methods to devices with large apodized IDTs (interdigital transducers) and treat the interaction with bulk waves rigorously during generations as well as reception. They derive a CPIM (charge potential interrelation matrix) formulation of the voltage weighting analysis method for apodized IDTs and compare it with the track-by-track analysis method. Finally, simulation results of the spurious bulk wave responses of a TV filter with 170 IDT fingers are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126001849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49465
J.‐H. Jeng, X. Bao, V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan
A complete finite element-eigenmode method is applied to analyze the performance of a 1-3-type transducer under actual working conditions. The effect of fluid loading, internal losses, driving impedance, and microstructure variation are all taken into account. Via the finite element analysis, the constitutive equations for a piezoelectric material are discretized into a set of algebraic equations. The fluid loading is considered as an exciting force acting on the transducer surface. On the basis of the analysis, the resonance spectrum and electrical admittance spectrum are calculated with the condition of constant D-field. The proposed method provides an efficient way of designing a 1-3-type transducer. Preliminary calculations were made for the purpose of verification, and results show good agreement.<>
{"title":"A complete finite element-eigenmode analysis for a 1-3 type of piezoelectric composite transducer including the effect of fluid loading and internal losses","authors":"J.‐H. Jeng, X. Bao, V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49465","url":null,"abstract":"A complete finite element-eigenmode method is applied to analyze the performance of a 1-3-type transducer under actual working conditions. The effect of fluid loading, internal losses, driving impedance, and microstructure variation are all taken into account. Via the finite element analysis, the constitutive equations for a piezoelectric material are discretized into a set of algebraic equations. The fluid loading is considered as an exciting force acting on the transducer surface. On the basis of the analysis, the resonance spectrum and electrical admittance spectrum are calculated with the condition of constant D-field. The proposed method provides an efficient way of designing a 1-3-type transducer. Preliminary calculations were made for the purpose of verification, and results show good agreement.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126760657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49503
M. W. Hawman, W. Galinaitis
The authors describe experimental efforts aimed at establishing the detection threshold for acoustic emission (AE) and vibration monitoring for a typical defect located in a standard ball bearing. An AE point contact transducer (PCT) has been developed: it is a rugged and compact device that can be used for various machinery diagnostic applications. Stress wave emissions in the frequency range above 100 kHz can provide a clear indication of the defect and thus provide an earlier and more reliable indication of bearing degradation. The digital data acquisition and analysis system used with the AE PCT is described, and AE and vibration analysis results are presented.<>
{"title":"Acoustic emission monitoring of rolling element bearings","authors":"M. W. Hawman, W. Galinaitis","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49503","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe experimental efforts aimed at establishing the detection threshold for acoustic emission (AE) and vibration monitoring for a typical defect located in a standard ball bearing. An AE point contact transducer (PCT) has been developed: it is a rugged and compact device that can be used for various machinery diagnostic applications. Stress wave emissions in the frequency range above 100 kHz can provide a clear indication of the defect and thus provide an earlier and more reliable indication of bearing degradation. The digital data acquisition and analysis system used with the AE PCT is described, and AE and vibration analysis results are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126421880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49426
J. Tsujino, T. Ueoka
Ultrasonic butt welding of thick metal plate specimens is studied. Welding specimens used are aluminium, anticorrosive aluminium, and copper plates of 6-mm thickness. These welding specimens are successfully joined end to end with specimen strength of about 100 MPa (pure aluminium) or 250 MPa (anticorrosive aluminium) using 26-kHz or 19-kHz butt welding equipment. An ultrasonic vibration source of 19 kHz uses eight bolt-clamped Langevin-type PZT transducers of 50-mm diameter. The power required for joining aluminium, anticorrosive aluminium specimens, and anticorrosive aluminium to copper specimens is found to be 1-3 kW/cm/sup 2/, 6-8 kW/cm/sup 2/, and 7-9 kW/cm/sup 2/, respectively.<>
{"title":"Ultrasonic butt welding of aluminium, anticorrosive aluminium and copper plate specimens","authors":"J. Tsujino, T. Ueoka","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1988.49426","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic butt welding of thick metal plate specimens is studied. Welding specimens used are aluminium, anticorrosive aluminium, and copper plates of 6-mm thickness. These welding specimens are successfully joined end to end with specimen strength of about 100 MPa (pure aluminium) or 250 MPa (anticorrosive aluminium) using 26-kHz or 19-kHz butt welding equipment. An ultrasonic vibration source of 19 kHz uses eight bolt-clamped Langevin-type PZT transducers of 50-mm diameter. The power required for joining aluminium, anticorrosive aluminium specimens, and anticorrosive aluminium to copper specimens is found to be 1-3 kW/cm/sup 2/, 6-8 kW/cm/sup 2/, and 7-9 kW/cm/sup 2/, respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":263198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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