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Panel Data Analysis on Corporate Effective Tax Rates of Some Listed Large Firms in Nigeria 尼日利亚大型上市公司有效税率面板数据分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.21601/djfm/9345
Samuel Olorunfemi Adams, Philomena Omoshade Balogun
Corporate effective tax rates (ETR) of large Nigerian listed firms during the new tax regime as well as the influence of firm size, leverage, return on asset, capital intensity, and inventory intensity on corporate effective tax rate was investigated. The study aims to examine the influence of some corporate tax attributes in some selected large public listed firms within and across Nigeria with avoidance of corporate effective tax rates (ETR). The data used in the study was extracted from the 2019 Nigeria Annual Financial reports. The data were collected from the period 2012 to 2018, the period where Nigeria imposed a new tax regime on the current year assessment system (effective from the year 2012). Pooled ordinary least square (POLS), fixed effect and random effect regression were applied to the data, findings from the study revealed that the random effect regression model was preferred for result interpretation. It was also discovered that; firm size (FSIZE), return on assets (ROA), and inventory intensity (INVINT) have a positive and significant influence on corporate effective tax rates (ETR) avoidance. Firm leverage (LEV) and capital intensity (CAPINT) on the other hand has an insignificant inverse influence on effective tax rates (ETR). Hence, this study suggested that firm size (FSIZE), return on assets (ROA), and inventory intensity (INVINT) is the major variable that positively influences the corporate effective tax rates (ETR) the listed large firms in Nigeria.
研究了尼日利亚大型上市公司在新税收制度下的公司有效税率(ETR),以及公司规模、杠杆率、资产回报率、资本密集度和库存密集度对公司有效税率的影响。本研究旨在研究尼日利亚国内和全国一些选定的大型上市公司的一些公司税属性对规避公司有效税率(ETR)的影响。研究中使用的数据摘自2019年尼日利亚年度财务报告。数据收集于2012年至2018年期间,在此期间,尼日利亚对当年的评估系统实施了新的税收制度(从2012年起生效)。对数据采用了混合普通最小二乘(Pooled ordinary least square, POLS)、固定效应和随机效应回归,研究结果表明随机效应回归模型更适合于结果解释。人们还发现;企业规模(FSIZE)、资产收益率(ROA)和库存强度(INVINT)对企业有效税率(ETR)规避有显著的正向影响。另一方面,企业杠杆率(LEV)和资本密集度(CAPINT)对有效税率(ETR)的负向影响不显著。因此,本研究认为企业规模(FSIZE)、资产收益率(ROA)和库存强度(INVINT)是正向影响尼日利亚上市大型企业企业有效税率(ETR)的主要变量。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on Small & Middle-Income Economies (SMEs) in developing nations: A case study of Narok Town, Kenya 2019冠状病毒病大流行对发展中国家中小企业的影响:以肯尼亚纳罗克镇为例
Pub Date : 2020-11-29 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/9301
Moses Okombo, Morompi Ole Masago, Sambu Alice, Kweingoti G. Reuben, B. Chaka, Bulitia Godrick, Ole Kelele Joshua
1 Department of Curriculum Instruction and Education Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, KENYA 2 Department of Economics Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, KENYA 3 Department of Social Studies, Religion and Community Development, Maasai Mara University, Narok, KENYA 4 Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Narok, KENYA *Corresponding Author: moses.okombo@gmail.com
1马赛马拉大学课程教学与教育管理系2马赛马拉大学经济管理系3马赛马拉大学社会研究、宗教与社区发展系4马赛马拉大学数学与物理科学系*通讯作者:moses.okombo@gmail.com
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引用次数: 3
The Effect of Social Media on Consumer Purchase Behaviour in the Mobile Telephony Industry in Zimbabwe 社交媒体对津巴布韦移动电话行业消费者购买行为的影响
Pub Date : 2020-11-29 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/9299
Forbes Makudza, Cleopatra Mugarisanwa, Shingirai Siziba
The Effect of Social Media on Consumer Purchase Behaviour in the Mobile Telephony Industry in Zimbabwe. ABSTRACT This paper examines the causal relationship between social media and consumer purchasing behaviour in the mobile telephony industry in Zimbabwe. The study was driven by a strong desire to convert social media usage into desirable purchase behaviour. Social media was examined using four variables namely, firm generated communication, user created communication, word of mouth and social media platform. The study results indicate that social media is a significant driver of consumer purchase intention. Consumer purchase behaviour is mainly driven by social media word of mouth, whilst firm generated content was found to be inversely related to purchase intention. User generated social media communication resulted in a moderately weak association with purchase behaviour, whilst an insignificant association was obtained between social media platform and consumer purchase intention. The results imply that social media is an effective tool but needs to be adapted so as to minimize generating content which distorts desirable consumer behaviour. The researchers therefore recommend a cautious social media campaign which generates more desirable viral content.
社交媒体对津巴布韦移动电话行业消费者购买行为的影响。本文考察了社交媒体与津巴布韦移动电话行业消费者购买行为之间的因果关系。推动这项研究的强烈愿望是将社交媒体的使用转化为可取的购买行为。社交媒体使用四个变量进行检查,即企业产生的沟通,用户创造的沟通,口碑和社交媒体平台。研究结果表明,社交媒体是消费者购买意愿的重要驱动因素。消费者的购买行为主要受社交媒体口碑的驱动,而企业生成的内容与购买意愿呈负相关。用户生成的社交媒体传播与购买行为的关联程度为中弱,而社交媒体平台与消费者购买意愿的关联程度不显著。研究结果表明,社交媒体是一种有效的工具,但需要进行调整,以尽量减少产生扭曲消费者理想行为的内容。因此,研究人员建议谨慎开展社交媒体活动,以产生更多令人满意的病毒式传播内容。
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引用次数: 12
The Effectiveness of using SMS Instalment Alert Platform on Customer Satisfaction in the Retail Clothing Stores in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦零售服装店使用短信分期付款提醒平台对顾客满意度的影响
Pub Date : 2020-11-29 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/9300
Douglas Chiguvi, C. Mahambo, Keofe Tender Kgetho
The Effectiveness using SMS Instalment Alert Platform on ABSTRACT The study was focusing on the effectiveness of using (SMS) instalment platform as a way of meeting customer satisfaction at Edgars stores Ltd in Zimbabwe. The main objective of the research was to measure the effectiveness of SMS installment platform on customer satisfaction. Causal research design was employed and a simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents. Questionnaires were used to gather data from a sample size of 357 consisting of 342 customers and 15 staff members of Edgars ’ stores Ltd. The data collected was analyzed through the use of SPSS version 20 in order to determine the strength of the relationship and the moderating effect. The data findings were presented in form of tables. The research findings from the hypothesis tests explored that there is a strong significant and positive relationship between SMS installment platform service and customer satisfaction. The study recommended the company to use SMS platform for other promotion activities like sending bonus vouchers, news release and advertisements. This will encourage more customers to shop hence improved market share. The SMS platform can also be used to give after sales services and other personalized information and birthday wishes. All these will increase customer satisfaction.
摘要本研究的重点是使用(SMS)分期付款平台作为满足津巴布韦Edgars商店有限公司客户满意度的一种方式的有效性。研究的主要目的是衡量短信分期付款平台对客户满意度的有效性。采用因果研究设计,并采用简单的随机抽样技术来选择受访者。调查问卷收集了357人的数据,其中包括342名埃德加斯商店有限公司的顾客和15名员工。收集的数据通过使用SPSS version 20进行分析,以确定关系的强度和调节效应。数据调查结果以表格的形式提出。假设检验的研究结果发现,短信分期平台服务与用户满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系。该研究建议该公司使用短信平台进行其他促销活动,如发送奖励券、新闻发布和广告。这将鼓励更多的顾客购物,从而提高市场份额。短信平台还可以用来提供售后服务等个性化信息和生日祝福。所有这些都将提高客户满意度。
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引用次数: 0
Brand Equity Influence on the Adoption of Professional Learning Courses: A Case of BA ISAGO University 品牌资产对专业学习课程采用的影响:以BA ISAGO大学为例
Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/8423
Douglas Chiguvi, Paul T. Guruwo, Ruramayi Tadu
The study examines both the cognitive psychology and economics philosophies of the influence of brand equity on the adoption of professional learning courses in education and training providers (ETPs), using BA ISAGO University as a case study. A stratified sampling technique was applied to collect data from a sample of 114 respondents. The results show that there is “no or negligible relationship between brand equity (BE) and adoption of PLC in BIU during the given half a decade era. The study concludes that failure to attract students for PLC might be influenced by other extenuating factors apart from brand equity thus recommends development of stand-alone marketing campaign activities for professional learners and desists from combining marketing campaigns for PLC with those for home-grown programs as was the current case with BIU. Further studies could be done to evaluate pricing and or entry modes as an inducer for the uptake of PLC within tertiary institutions.
该研究考察了品牌资产对教育培训机构(etp)采用专业学习课程的影响的认知心理学和经济学哲学,并以BA ISAGO大学为例进行了研究。采用分层抽样技术收集114名受访者的数据。结果表明,在给定的五年时间内,品牌资产(BE)与BIU中PLC的采用之间没有或可以忽略不计的关系。该研究的结论是,除了品牌资产之外,PLC未能吸引学生可能受到其他减轻因素的影响,因此建议为专业学习者开发独立的营销活动,并停止将PLC的营销活动与本土项目相结合,就像BIU目前的情况一样。可以进行进一步的研究,以评估定价和/或进入模式,作为高等院校采用PLC的诱因。
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引用次数: 1
Image Differentiation for Competitive Advantage in the Private Tertiary Education Institutions in Botswana 博茨瓦纳私立高等教育机构竞争优势的形象分化
Pub Date : 2020-07-19 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/8401
Douglas Chiguvi, Ruramayi Tadu
The primary objective of the study was to describe the extent to which image differentiation strategies may be used to gain competitive advantage among private tertiary education institutions in Botswana. The study examined how image differentiation may be employed by private tertiary education institutions to achieve competitive advantage. The study used descriptive survey research and the findings revealed that the institutions have not done enough in image differentiation to clearly stand out as differentiated universities. The study recommends that the universities must get involved in activities that will enhance institutions’ image. Institutions need to work together with key stakeholders and continually seek ways to attain competitive advantage through image differentiation.
本研究的主要目的是描述形象差异化策略在博茨瓦纳私立高等教育机构中获得竞争优势的程度。本研究探讨了私立高等教育机构如何运用形象差异化来取得竞争优势。本研究采用描述性调查研究,结果显示各院校在形象差异化方面做得还不够,无法清晰地脱颖而出。该研究建议,大学必须参与能够提升机构形象的活动。机构需要与主要利益相关者合作,不断寻求通过形象差异化获得竞争优势的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Global Issues and Financing for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 实现可持续发展目标的全球问题和融资
Pub Date : 2020-07-19 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/8398
U. Sarangi
The research paper entitled ‘Global Issues and Financing for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals’ is a unique research effort to analyze the current frontline global issues that is affecting the global economies at large. In these days of current global crisis, the COVID-19 global pandemic has emerged as not only a global health crisis but also a global humanitarian crisis. The research has made an attempt to study and analyze the cross cutting global issues including the present global pandemic which has taken a serious toll on humanity, but has also affected the various sectors of the global economies such as health, humanitarian, economic, social, geopolitical, environment etc., and other related cross-cutting issues which are vital determinants and key indicators in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The paper also dwells into the aspect of global financing issues keeping in mind and including finding ways and means for containment of the present global health pandemic by looking into the various aspects of financing needs of the economies to enable these economies to come out of such serious economic shocks that has resulted and affected these economies due to the severe outbreak of COVID-19. The research paper also covers and studies other aspects of the global economies such as the Addis Ababa Action Agenda(AAAA) on cross cutting initiatives to develop and built-in synergies for achieving the SDGs, monitoring by the Inter-Agency Task Force on Sustainable Development and the Financing for Global Sustainable Forum(FfSD), upcoming events planned by FfSD, Global issues for FfSD Forum, ECOSOC and its role on International Cooperation in Tax Matters, Global Economic Governance, External Debt, Innovative Financing for Sustainable Development including Inclusive and Local Finance, Global Investors for Sustainable Development Alliance, key messages conveyed by the United Nations in their report on Financing for Global Sustainable Development 2020, important statements made by global experts of United Nations on issues pertaining to financing for achieving SDGs, COVID-19 and it impact on humanity in terms of human crisis, global health crisis and concerns, socio-economic and environmental aspects for sustainable long-term financing in various economies including the undeveloped LLDCs, SIDSs, African & Caribbean economies and the developing economies. The role of international multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, IFC, MIGA and other global financing institutions are of paramount importance in terms of financing these economies to come out of the global pandemic at the first instance and then in stabilizing these economies in the long-run. The important policy considerations and conclusions drawn from the research study is that the WHO and United Nations including other multilateral and financing institutions need to work in tandem not only to aid these economies to come out of the global pandemic, but also to str
这份题为《实现可持续发展目标的全球问题和融资》的研究报告是一项独特的研究工作,旨在分析当前影响全球经济的全球前沿问题。在当前全球危机的今天,新冠肺炎全球大流行不仅是一场全球卫生危机,也是一场全球人道主义危机。本研究试图研究和分析跨领域的全球问题,包括目前对人类造成严重损害的全球流行病,但也影响到全球经济的各个部门,如卫生、人道主义、经济、社会、地缘政治、环境等,以及其他相关的跨领域问题,这些问题是实现可持续发展目标的重要决定因素和关键指标。本文还深入探讨了全球融资问题的方面,包括通过研究经济体融资需求的各个方面,找到遏制当前全球卫生大流行的方法和手段,使这些经济体能够摆脱因COVID-19严重爆发而导致和影响这些经济体的严重经济冲击。该研究报告还涵盖和研究了全球经济的其他方面,如亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程(AAAA)关于发展和实现可持续发展目标的内在协同作用的跨领域倡议,可持续发展机构间工作队和全球可持续发展融资论坛(FfSD)的监测,可持续发展机构间工作队计划的即将举行的活动,可持续发展论坛的全球问题,经济及社会理事会及其在税收问题国际合作中的作用,全球经济治理,外债、包括包容性和地方金融在内的创新可持续发展融资、全球投资者促进可持续发展联盟、联合国在其《2020年全球可持续发展融资报告》中传达的关键信息、联合国全球专家就实现可持续发展目标融资相关问题所作的重要发言、2019冠状病毒病及其在人类危机、全球卫生危机和关切方面对人类的影响、社会经济和环境方面的问题,以便为各种经济体,包括不发达的内陆发展中国家、小岛屿发展中国家、非洲和加勒比经济体以及发展中经济体提供可持续的长期融资。世界银行、国际货币基金组织、国际金融公司、多边投资担保机构和其他全球金融机构等国际多边机构的作用至关重要,首先为这些经济体提供资金,使其摆脱全球大流行病,然后长期稳定这些经济体。从研究中得出的重要政策考虑和结论是,世卫组织和联合国包括其他多边和金融机构需要共同努力,不仅要帮助这些经济体走出全球大流行,而且要在实现联合国制定的长期可持续发展目标方面取得平衡,这是实现这些经济体可持续发展目标的关键指标和决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Finance-Investment-Growth Causal Connection: Evidence from the Republic of Congo 金融-投资-增长的因果关系:来自刚果共和国的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-25 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/8364
Brian Muyambi̇ri̇
This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and investment in the Republic of Congo for the period 1960 to 2017. The causal relationship between financial development, investment and economic growth is examined using four multivariate Granger-causality models. The study found that the finance-investment-growth causal relationship is highly dependent on the choice of the financial development indicator used. In addition, all financial development indicators, except domestic credit provided to the private sector, were found to Granger cause investment in the short run. Furthermore, investment has been found to Granger cause economic growth in the short run when domestic credit provided by the financial sector and the composite financial development index are included as measures of financial development in subsequent models. Therefore, dependent on the policy focus, economic policy through financial development should take into account the financial indicator so as to predict and/or achieve the resultant policy objectives.
本文考察了1960年至2017年期间刚果共和国金融发展与投资之间的因果关系。金融发展、投资和经济增长之间的因果关系使用四个多元格兰杰因果模型进行检验。研究发现,金融与投资增长的因果关系高度依赖于金融发展指标的选择。此外,除向私营部门提供的国内信贷外,所有金融发展指标都在短期内格兰杰导致投资。进一步,在后续模型中,将金融部门提供的国内信贷和综合金融发展指数作为衡量金融发展的指标,发现投资在短期内对经济增长具有格兰杰作用。因此,根据政策重点,通过金融发展制定的经济政策应考虑到金融指标,以预测和/或实现由此产生的政策目标。
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引用次数: 1
The Influence of After Sales Services on Marketing Performance in the Retail Sector in Botswana 博茨瓦纳零售业售后服务对营销绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.29333/djfm/8361
Douglas Chiguvi
The focal point of the study was to investigate the influence of after sales services on marketing performance at Sefalana Holdings in Botswana. The study was conducted in order to find out the influence of after sales services on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention at Sefalana Holdings in Botswana. Causal research approach was employed and a questionnaire was used to collect data from Sefalana customers. The study results indicated that after sales services are provided at Sefalana but they are not fully utilized and implemented. The study findings revealed that there is a weaker significant positive relationship between after sales services and customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention at Sefalana Holdings in Botswana. This infers that after sales services are not properly done at Sefalana and therefore, the researcher recommended that Sefalana Holdings should improve on the delivery of its after sales services in order to increase customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention.
本研究的重点是调查售后服务对博茨瓦纳Sefalana控股公司营销绩效的影响。本研究是为了找出售后服务对客户满意度,客户忠诚度和客户保留在博茨瓦纳的Sefalana控股的影响。采用因果研究方法,并采用问卷调查的方式对Sefalana顾客进行数据收集。研究结果表明,Sefalana提供了售后服务,但没有充分利用和实施。研究发现,在博茨瓦纳的Sefalana控股公司,售后服务与顾客满意度、顾客忠诚度和顾客保留率之间存在较弱的显著正相关关系。由此推断,售后服务在Sefalana做得不到位,因此,研究人员建议Sefalana控股公司应该改进其售后服务的交付,以提高客户满意度,客户忠诚度和客户保留度。
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引用次数: 13
Relationship between the Brand Identity with Brand Loyalty due to the Mediating Role of Perceived Value 感知价值的中介作用:品牌认同与品牌忠诚的关系
Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.29333/DJFM/5876
F. Azma, Reza Abedi
The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between brand identity with brand loyalty regard to the mediating role of perceived value of the brand, brand trust, and customer satisfaction of brand. The research method was descriptive/monitoring -correlation type. The population was all customers of Sabah Dairy Company in Golestan province, Iran that 384 individuals were determined as the sample size and sampling was clustering method. The research tools were following questionnaires standard brand identity by “Bhattacharya and Sen”, brand loyalty, brand trust and brand customer satisfaction by He et al., brand equity by Nam et al., standardized questionnaire of brand perceived value by Lasar et al. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were calculated 0.844, 0.815, 0.661, 0.859, 0.724 and 0.885 for brand identity, perceived value of the brand, brand customer satisfaction, brand trust, brand loyalty and brand equity, respectively and the validity of questionnaires was approved with convergent validity method. The results showed that there was significant relationship between the brand identity with brand loyalty due to the mediating role of perceived value, trust and satisfaction.
本研究旨在探讨品牌认同与品牌忠诚在品牌感知价值、品牌信任和品牌顾客满意度的中介作用。研究方法为描述性/监测相关性研究。人群均为伊朗Golestan省Sabah乳业公司的客户,确定样本量为384人,采用聚类抽样方法。研究工具包括“Bhattacharya and Sen”的标准品牌认同问卷,He等人的品牌忠诚、品牌信任和品牌顾客满意度问卷,Nam等人的品牌资产问卷,Lasar等人的品牌感知价值标准化问卷。问卷的品牌认同、品牌感知价值、品牌顾客满意度、品牌信任、品牌忠诚和品牌资产的信度分别采用Cronbach’s alpha系数计算为0.844、0.815、0.661、0.859、0.724和0.885,并采用收敛效度法对问卷进行效度验证。结果表明,品牌认同与品牌忠诚之间存在显著的关系,主要是由于感知价值、信任和满意度的中介作用。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Dutch Journal of Finance and Management
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