Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296355
I. Chremmos, N. Uzunoglu
The resonant properties of a photonic molecule, composed by N microring resonators forming a regular polygon, are for the first time determined analytically using the transfer matrix method. It is found that the transfer matrix between rings n, n + 2, n + 4 , ... is independent of the polygon vertex angle, allowing the application of Floquet theorem for periodic propagation in a cylindrically symmetric structure. Corresponding to even or odd N, the molecule possesses 1 + N/2 or 1 + N discrete resonances, which satisfy the dispersion equation of the straight coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) with infinite rings. The field amplitudes in the rings are determined as eigenvectors of the corresponding eigenvalue problem. By incorporating the molecule into a channel dropping filter system, the presence of these resonances in the transmission spectrum is verified.
{"title":"Matrix Analysis of Coupled Microring Resonator Polygons","authors":"I. Chremmos, N. Uzunoglu","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296355","url":null,"abstract":"The resonant properties of a photonic molecule, composed by N microring resonators forming a regular polygon, are for the first time determined analytically using the transfer matrix method. It is found that the transfer matrix between rings n, n + 2, n + 4 , ... is independent of the polygon vertex angle, allowing the application of Floquet theorem for periodic propagation in a cylindrically symmetric structure. Corresponding to even or odd N, the molecule possesses 1 + N/2 or 1 + N discrete resonances, which satisfy the dispersion equation of the straight coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) with infinite rings. The field amplitudes in the rings are determined as eigenvectors of the corresponding eigenvalue problem. By incorporating the molecule into a channel dropping filter system, the presence of these resonances in the transmission spectrum is verified.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122774856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296062
L. Wosinski, Liu Liu, M. Dainese, E. Berglind
The development of Si-based photonics has been far behind the development of electronics for long time. There are two reasons for that. As silicon is an indirect band gap semiconductor, achieving light emission and gain is quite difficult. On the other hand, for using silicon as a light guiding material for passive devices, the main constrains until recently were relatively high propagation losses and high fiber-to-waveguide incoupling losses. The general trend towards more compact photonic devices together with progress in fabrication techniques resulted in the development of two nano-photonic technologies for next generation optical devices: photonic crystals and nanowire waveguides-based devices. To drastically increase the integration density and achieve subwavelength confinement of light along the propagation direction, plasmonic waveguides have been proposed. Surface plasmons are electromagnetic modes constituted on the interface between a metal and a dielectric. The tradeoff between the light confinement and propagation loss has here a vital importance.
{"title":"Technology Challenges for Silicon Nanophotonics and Beyond","authors":"L. Wosinski, Liu Liu, M. Dainese, E. Berglind","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296062","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Si-based photonics has been far behind the development of electronics for long time. There are two reasons for that. As silicon is an indirect band gap semiconductor, achieving light emission and gain is quite difficult. On the other hand, for using silicon as a light guiding material for passive devices, the main constrains until recently were relatively high propagation losses and high fiber-to-waveguide incoupling losses. The general trend towards more compact photonic devices together with progress in fabrication techniques resulted in the development of two nano-photonic technologies for next generation optical devices: photonic crystals and nanowire waveguides-based devices. To drastically increase the integration density and achieve subwavelength confinement of light along the propagation direction, plasmonic waveguides have been proposed. Surface plasmons are electromagnetic modes constituted on the interface between a metal and a dielectric. The tradeoff between the light confinement and propagation loss has here a vital importance.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296336
G. Lis, G. Budzyń, T. Duchiewicz, E. Beres-Pawlik
This paper presents a passive multimode optical network BER measurement system along with measurement results obtained using this system for chosen passive network structures. The results of BER measurements were also compared with results of bandwidth measurements for the corresponding structures.
{"title":"Comparison of Bandwidth and Bit Error Rate of Passive Multimode Networks","authors":"G. Lis, G. Budzyń, T. Duchiewicz, E. Beres-Pawlik","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296336","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a passive multimode optical network BER measurement system along with measurement results obtained using this system for chosen passive network structures. The results of BER measurements were also compared with results of bandwidth measurements for the corresponding structures.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296048
N. Gupta, D. Mohan Saxena
OCDMA is a highly flexible technique to achieve high-speed connectivity with large bandwidth. Data access security and ability to support asynchronous, bursty data transmission are two of the main driving forces behind a lot of interest in the OCDMA techniques. On the other hand, the poor spectral efficiency of OCDMA systems demand appropriate choice of coding techniques and multi-access interference (MAI) is often a limiting factor. This paper describes a simulated model for an incoherent Gigabit OCDMA system using high performance W/T codes. 60 km fiber amplifier span has been used in this model. Earlier work has been done at 1.25 Gbps for 16 users. In this paper OCDMA system beyond 1.25 Gbps is suggested by redesigning W/T code using 8-wavelength and 8-time slots. By using modified W/T code the MAI reduces. The analysis takes into account the effect of data rates for increasing number of simultaneous users and received power. The system performance is evaluated by eye diagram and BER analysis at different data rates. The system has been designed for 1 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps and 5 Gbps. BER analysis for asynchronous concurrent communication of multiple users at different data rates has been done. Results show that the Bit-Error-Rate performance for 1.25 Gbps improves in comparison to previous designs. The designed system provides adequate BER (<10-9) for 2.5 Gbps up to 16 users and for 5 Gbps up to 8 users.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of High Speed LAN Optical CDMA Systems at Different Data Rates","authors":"N. Gupta, D. Mohan Saxena","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296048","url":null,"abstract":"OCDMA is a highly flexible technique to achieve high-speed connectivity with large bandwidth. Data access security and ability to support asynchronous, bursty data transmission are two of the main driving forces behind a lot of interest in the OCDMA techniques. On the other hand, the poor spectral efficiency of OCDMA systems demand appropriate choice of coding techniques and multi-access interference (MAI) is often a limiting factor. This paper describes a simulated model for an incoherent Gigabit OCDMA system using high performance W/T codes. 60 km fiber amplifier span has been used in this model. Earlier work has been done at 1.25 Gbps for 16 users. In this paper OCDMA system beyond 1.25 Gbps is suggested by redesigning W/T code using 8-wavelength and 8-time slots. By using modified W/T code the MAI reduces. The analysis takes into account the effect of data rates for increasing number of simultaneous users and received power. The system performance is evaluated by eye diagram and BER analysis at different data rates. The system has been designed for 1 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps and 5 Gbps. BER analysis for asynchronous concurrent communication of multiple users at different data rates has been done. Results show that the Bit-Error-Rate performance for 1.25 Gbps improves in comparison to previous designs. The designed system provides adequate BER (<10-9) for 2.5 Gbps up to 16 users and for 5 Gbps up to 8 users.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128607142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296052
M. Karásek, J. Vojtěch, J. Radil
We present experimental and theoretical results on transmission of ten 10 GE channels over 383 km long fibre link composed of 133 km non-zero dispersion shifted (NZDSF) and 150 km plus 100 km of standard single mode fibre (SSMF) based on distributed Raman amplification in the 3 fibre spans. Susceptibility of the transmission to channel addition/removal has been investigated by replacing 8 of the 10 GE XFP transceivers with signals from ILX-7900 WDM tester that were square-wave modulated at 500 Hz with 50% duty cycle.
{"title":"Power Transients in a Cascade of Three Distributed Raman Fibre Amplifiers Transmitting 10×10 GE Channels over 383 km","authors":"M. Karásek, J. Vojtěch, J. Radil","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296052","url":null,"abstract":"We present experimental and theoretical results on transmission of ten 10 GE channels over 383 km long fibre link composed of 133 km non-zero dispersion shifted (NZDSF) and 150 km plus 100 km of standard single mode fibre (SSMF) based on distributed Raman amplification in the 3 fibre spans. Susceptibility of the transmission to channel addition/removal has been investigated by replacing 8 of the 10 GE XFP transceivers with signals from ILX-7900 WDM tester that were square-wave modulated at 500 Hz with 50% duty cycle.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128710076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296034
A. Juttner, T. Cinkler, B. Dezso
In designing infocommunications networks the cost of optical ports and links grows in discrete steps as the capacity is being increased. This cost function is referred to as "step function" or "staged capacity cost". If a sequential algorithm is used to design the networks it often results in sub-optimal solution due to the so called "long path problem", where the weighted shortest path algorithms rather choose very long paths where such links are chosen where no additional capacity step (and therefore no additional cost step) has to be made. In this paper we propose and compare methods that perform randomised smoothing of these staged capacity cost functions to allow decomposition of the network design problem to a sequence of weighted shortest path searches, that is the mostly used approach. The problem can be interpreted as an Unsplittable Multi-Commodity Flow Problem with staged capacity costs.
{"title":"A Randomized Cost Smoothing Approach for Optical Network Design","authors":"A. Juttner, T. Cinkler, B. Dezso","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296034","url":null,"abstract":"In designing infocommunications networks the cost of optical ports and links grows in discrete steps as the capacity is being increased. This cost function is referred to as \"step function\" or \"staged capacity cost\". If a sequential algorithm is used to design the networks it often results in sub-optimal solution due to the so called \"long path problem\", where the weighted shortest path algorithms rather choose very long paths where such links are chosen where no additional capacity step (and therefore no additional cost step) has to be made. In this paper we propose and compare methods that perform randomised smoothing of these staged capacity cost functions to allow decomposition of the network design problem to a sequence of weighted shortest path searches, that is the mostly used approach. The problem can be interpreted as an Unsplittable Multi-Commodity Flow Problem with staged capacity costs.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129055687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296150
L. Pajewski, G. Schettini
The introduction of defects in a photonic band-gap (PBG) material breaks its periodicity, and produces interface states of the electromagnetic field, at frequencies within the stop-bands, manifested by sharp peaks in the transmission response of the structure. We study PBGs properties in the presence of multiple periodicity interruptions, by using a full-wave approach. Results are presented, both for TE and TM polarizations, showing the transmission efficiencies as a function of the involved parameters. We discuss how the selectivity and the position of the transmission peaks inside the stop-band can be controlled. We show that a pass-band filtering behavior can also be obtained.
{"title":"Photonic Band-Gap Structures with Periodicity Interruptions: Theory and Applications","authors":"L. Pajewski, G. Schettini","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296150","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of defects in a photonic band-gap (PBG) material breaks its periodicity, and produces interface states of the electromagnetic field, at frequencies within the stop-bands, manifested by sharp peaks in the transmission response of the structure. We study PBGs properties in the presence of multiple periodicity interruptions, by using a full-wave approach. Results are presented, both for TE and TM polarizations, showing the transmission efficiencies as a function of the involved parameters. We discuss how the selectivity and the position of the transmission peaks inside the stop-band can be controlled. We show that a pass-band filtering behavior can also be obtained.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296332
D. Laidevant, F. Rambach, M. Hoffmann
This paper investigates the availability of connections in core networks which use Ethernet directly over the optical DWDM layer. We study transparent, opaque and hybrid connections. We show that the availability of a protected hybrid connection can be accurately estimated through calculating the availability of a protected transparent path or protected opaque path. The selected optical node architecture has even a higher influence on the reliability compared to the choice to route opaque or transparent. To achieve availabilities over 99.999% - often required by providers - is only possible if the end nodes are completely doubled.
{"title":"Availability of Connections in Ethernet over DWDM Core Networks","authors":"D. Laidevant, F. Rambach, M. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296332","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the availability of connections in core networks which use Ethernet directly over the optical DWDM layer. We study transparent, opaque and hybrid connections. We show that the availability of a protected hybrid connection can be accurately estimated through calculating the availability of a protected transparent path or protected opaque path. The selected optical node architecture has even a higher influence on the reliability compared to the choice to route opaque or transparent. To achieve availabilities over 99.999% - often required by providers - is only possible if the end nodes are completely doubled.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296029
R. Gindera, I. Mollers, M. Bulters, D. Kalinowski, D. Jager
In this paper, the concept, design and development of an optical transceiver using polymer optical fibers (POF) are presented. The optoelectronic conversion is performed using a novel multifunctional vertical electroabsorption transceiver (V-EAT) element where a single fiber is used and where no light source is required in the module leading to a low-cost and low-power system. As an experimental example, a fiber wireless transceiver is presented where the optical fiber feeds a multi band in-building base station for WLAN applications employing radio over fiber (RoF) technology.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) Transceivers","authors":"R. Gindera, I. Mollers, M. Bulters, D. Kalinowski, D. Jager","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the concept, design and development of an optical transceiver using polymer optical fibers (POF) are presented. The optoelectronic conversion is performed using a novel multifunctional vertical electroabsorption transceiver (V-EAT) element where a single fiber is used and where no light source is required in the module leading to a low-cost and low-power system. As an experimental example, a fiber wireless transceiver is presented where the optical fiber feeds a multi band in-building base station for WLAN applications employing radio over fiber (RoF) technology.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129898144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296123
S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, C. D. de Sterke, M. Steel
We propose two novel concepts for creating high-Q cavities in photonic crystal slabs (PCS). We show that photonic crystal slab-based double-heterostructure cavities, formed by variations in the refractive index of photosensitive PCS or formed by air-hole infiltration, can have large Q-factors (Q > 1 x 106).
{"title":"High-Q Cavities in Photonic Crystal Slab Heterostructures Formed by Variation in the Refractive Index","authors":"S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, C. D. de Sterke, M. Steel","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296123","url":null,"abstract":"We propose two novel concepts for creating high-Q cavities in photonic crystal slabs (PCS). We show that photonic crystal slab-based double-heterostructure cavities, formed by variations in the refractive index of photosensitive PCS or formed by air-hole infiltration, can have large Q-factors (Q > 1 x 106).","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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