Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296350
R. Durán, I. de Miguel, N. Merayo, P. Fernández, J. Aguado, R. Lorenzo, E. Abril
A new algorithm, GAPDELT, is presented to jointly design the resource provisioning and the logical topology of wavelength-routed optical networks. GAPDELT is based on genetic algorithms and uses Pareto optimality to reduce both the network congestion and the number of resources employed. By means of a simulation study, we show that GAPDELT designs a set of good alternatives that achieve up to 50% of reduction in terms of congestion or 75% of reduction in the number of transmitters and receivers required when compared with another well-known
{"title":"Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm to Design Cost-Efficient Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks","authors":"R. Durán, I. de Miguel, N. Merayo, P. Fernández, J. Aguado, R. Lorenzo, E. Abril","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296350","url":null,"abstract":"A new algorithm, GAPDELT, is presented to jointly design the resource provisioning and the logical topology of wavelength-routed optical networks. GAPDELT is based on genetic algorithms and uses Pareto optimality to reduce both the network congestion and the number of resources employed. By means of a simulation study, we show that GAPDELT designs a set of good alternatives that achieve up to 50% of reduction in terms of congestion or 75% of reduction in the number of transmitters and receivers required when compared with another well-known","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129337882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296241
A. Stone, H. Tureci, L. Ge, S. Rotter
A new formalism [1,2] for calculating exact steady-state non-linear multi-mode lasing states for complex resonators is developed and applied to conventional edge-emitting lasers and to lasers with chaotic or random cavities. The theory solves a long-standing problem in lasing theory: how to describe the multi-mode lasing states of an open cavity. Moreover it includes the effects of mode competition and spatial hole-burning to all orders within the approximation of stationary inversion. Lasing modes are expanded in terms of sets of biorthogonal "constant flux" (CF) states and satisfy a self-consistent equation. For high finesse cavities each lasing mode is proportional to one CF state which inside the cavity behaves like a linear resonance; for low finesse as in a random laser, novel composite modes are predicted which do not correspond to any passive cavity resonance.
{"title":"Theory of the Spatial Structure of Non-linear Modes in Novel and Complex Laser Cavities","authors":"A. Stone, H. Tureci, L. Ge, S. Rotter","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296241","url":null,"abstract":"A new formalism [1,2] for calculating exact steady-state non-linear multi-mode lasing states for complex resonators is developed and applied to conventional edge-emitting lasers and to lasers with chaotic or random cavities. The theory solves a long-standing problem in lasing theory: how to describe the multi-mode lasing states of an open cavity. Moreover it includes the effects of mode competition and spatial hole-burning to all orders within the approximation of stationary inversion. Lasing modes are expanded in terms of sets of biorthogonal \"constant flux\" (CF) states and satisfy a self-consistent equation. For high finesse cavities each lasing mode is proportional to one CF state which inside the cavity behaves like a linear resonance; for low finesse as in a random laser, novel composite modes are predicted which do not correspond to any passive cavity resonance.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127138493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296284
R. Van Caenegem, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester
New services and high bandwidth demanding applications will dramatically change the operator's requirements with respect to future network architectures and topologies. The advent of bandwidth-intensive video applications will stimulate the design of high throughput and flexible network architectures. In this network evolution All-optical Label Swapping (AOLS) can play a key role. AOLS is a key functional type of optical burst/packet switching that intends to solve the potential mismatch between fibre capacity and routing burst forwarding capacity. This paper discusses how the original AOLS-node can be adapted to be more scalable. The new node designs are based on wavelength striping and the use of one control wavelength which transports only the labels. Then, for the remaining data wavelengths (transport of payloads), AOLS-blocks with limited intelligence can be installed.
{"title":"Scalable Designs for All-Optical Packet-Switching Nodes","authors":"R. Van Caenegem, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296284","url":null,"abstract":"New services and high bandwidth demanding applications will dramatically change the operator's requirements with respect to future network architectures and topologies. The advent of bandwidth-intensive video applications will stimulate the design of high throughput and flexible network architectures. In this network evolution All-optical Label Swapping (AOLS) can play a key role. AOLS is a key functional type of optical burst/packet switching that intends to solve the potential mismatch between fibre capacity and routing burst forwarding capacity. This paper discusses how the original AOLS-node can be adapted to be more scalable. The new node designs are based on wavelength striping and the use of one control wavelength which transports only the labels. Then, for the remaining data wavelengths (transport of payloads), AOLS-blocks with limited intelligence can be installed.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296347
C. Arellano, V. Polo, J. Prat
The influence of the position of a multiplexer in the access network with centralized seeded-source is analytically and experimentally reported. In such system, the limitation is caused by the Rayleigh backscattering crosstalk from both the carrier signal and the upstream data. The loss introduced by the multiplexer modifies the backscatter signals and the power of the crosstalk is decreased when the distribution element is placed near one of the extremes of the access network. The results also reveal that moderate values of the gain perform better, as the backscatter of the upstream data increases with the amplification introduced at the ONU.
{"title":"Effect of the Multiplexer Position in Rayleigh-Limited WDM-PONs with Amplified-Reflective ONU","authors":"C. Arellano, V. Polo, J. Prat","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296347","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the position of a multiplexer in the access network with centralized seeded-source is analytically and experimentally reported. In such system, the limitation is caused by the Rayleigh backscattering crosstalk from both the carrier signal and the upstream data. The loss introduced by the multiplexer modifies the backscatter signals and the power of the crosstalk is decreased when the distribution element is placed near one of the extremes of the access network. The results also reveal that moderate values of the gain perform better, as the backscatter of the upstream data increases with the amplification introduced at the ONU.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130077895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296330
F. Matera, L. Rea, M. Venezia, L. Capanna, G. Pierri, G. Del Prete
We propose and we experimentally demonstrate a novel fast restoration method for Gigabit Ethernet based on the wavelength recovery. It permits to route the wavelength of a broken link in another existing ling exploiting the wavelength division multiplexing of the fibre. Such a procedure is obtained by means of an optical switch, driven by a Loss of Light signal generated by the router in case of link failure. This way we exploit the fibre capacity by means of the WDM transmission for network reliability. Such a method has been tested in an IP optical network consisting of three core routers with optical Gigabit Ethernet interfaces connected by means of 50 km long single mode fibers between Rome and Pomezia. Comparing with other conventional restoration techniques, as OSPF and MPLS, our method resulted very fast (20 ms) and compatible with real time TV services.
{"title":"Fast Ethernet Restoration based on Alternative Wavelength Paths","authors":"F. Matera, L. Rea, M. Venezia, L. Capanna, G. Pierri, G. Del Prete","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296330","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and we experimentally demonstrate a novel fast restoration method for Gigabit Ethernet based on the wavelength recovery. It permits to route the wavelength of a broken link in another existing ling exploiting the wavelength division multiplexing of the fibre. Such a procedure is obtained by means of an optical switch, driven by a Loss of Light signal generated by the router in case of link failure. This way we exploit the fibre capacity by means of the WDM transmission for network reliability. Such a method has been tested in an IP optical network consisting of three core routers with optical Gigabit Ethernet interfaces connected by means of 50 km long single mode fibers between Rome and Pomezia. Comparing with other conventional restoration techniques, as OSPF and MPLS, our method resulted very fast (20 ms) and compatible with real time TV services.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128949241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296148
S. Helfert
In this contribution, we show how oblique coordinates can also be used in other numerical methods, namely the Galerkin-method (GM) and the finite difference (FD) method. We give the main formulas (for 2D-structures) and numerical results from band-structure calculations.
{"title":"Introducing Oblique Coordinates in Numerical Methods, Applied to the Computation of Band Structures","authors":"S. Helfert","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296148","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, we show how oblique coordinates can also be used in other numerical methods, namely the Galerkin-method (GM) and the finite difference (FD) method. We give the main formulas (for 2D-structures) and numerical results from band-structure calculations.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296302
J. Scharf, A. Kimsas, M. Kohn, G. Hu
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and Optical Migration Capable Networks with Service Guarantees (OpMiGua) are two all-optical network architectures. In this paper we compare both by means of a quantitative performance evaluation based on simulations. In order to achieve a maximum of comparability both models are chosen as similar as possible and especially are fed with identical traffic. Results show differences regarding loss probabilities at which OpMiGua has a better performance.
{"title":"OBS vs. OpMiGua - A Comparative Performance Evaluation","authors":"J. Scharf, A. Kimsas, M. Kohn, G. Hu","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296302","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and Optical Migration Capable Networks with Service Guarantees (OpMiGua) are two all-optical network architectures. In this paper we compare both by means of a quantitative performance evaluation based on simulations. In order to achieve a maximum of comparability both models are chosen as similar as possible and especially are fed with identical traffic. Results show differences regarding loss probabilities at which OpMiGua has a better performance.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132153911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296352
J. Vardakas, V. Vassilakis, M. Logothetis
Traffic grooming in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks is a promising technology for improving the performance and reducing the network cost. We study the blocking performance of a single-hop WDM traffic groomed optical network, by considering that different connections request service through a single optical link. In each connection the generated calls may come from a single or multiple service-classes. For the case of a single service-class we develop a novel analytical loss model to calculate Connection Blocking Probabilities (ConBP) and Call Blocking Probabilities (CBP). Also, we extend this model to support multiple service-classes. The accuracy of the calculations is verified by simulation and found to be absolutely satisfactory.
{"title":"Calculating Blocking Probabilities in Single-Hop WDM Traffic Groomed Optical Networks","authors":"J. Vardakas, V. Vassilakis, M. Logothetis","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296352","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic grooming in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks is a promising technology for improving the performance and reducing the network cost. We study the blocking performance of a single-hop WDM traffic groomed optical network, by considering that different connections request service through a single optical link. In each connection the generated calls may come from a single or multiple service-classes. For the case of a single service-class we develop a novel analytical loss model to calculate Connection Blocking Probabilities (ConBP) and Call Blocking Probabilities (CBP). Also, we extend this model to support multiple service-classes. The accuracy of the calculations is verified by simulation and found to be absolutely satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126697059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296038
G. Manzacca, F. Benedetto, V. Sacchieri, G. Giunta, G. Cincotti
The impact of advanced modulation formats on the performance of an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) transmission has been carefully investigated, as a function of bit error rate (BER) and spectral efficiency. Different modulation formats, as differential phase shift keying (DPSK), differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) and duobinary have been analyzed, and both coherent and incoherent codes, as OOC and Gold codes.
{"title":"Advanced Modulation Formats in Optical Code Division Multiple Access Networks","authors":"G. Manzacca, F. Benedetto, V. Sacchieri, G. Giunta, G. Cincotti","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296038","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of advanced modulation formats on the performance of an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) transmission has been carefully investigated, as a function of bit error rate (BER) and spectral efficiency. Different modulation formats, as differential phase shift keying (DPSK), differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) and duobinary have been analyzed, and both coherent and incoherent codes, as OOC and Gold codes.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296090
Patryk J. Urban, Edwin J. Klein, L. Xu, Egc Pluk, A. Koonen, G. Khoe, H. Waardt
In this paper we propose a novel reconfigurable access network architecture which enables the bidirectional transmission of 1.25 - 2.5 Gbit/s. Optical network units (ONUs) are equipped with a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) and remote nodes (RNs) are based on microring resonators - both contribute to network transparency and flexibility. We also propose ONU upgrade to serve 10 Gbit/s per end-user. Next to the theoretical description and transmission simulations some principle measurement results are presented which show the feasibility of the concept.
{"title":"1.25 - 10 Gbit/s Reconfigurable Access Network Architecture","authors":"Patryk J. Urban, Edwin J. Klein, L. Xu, Egc Pluk, A. Koonen, G. Khoe, H. Waardt","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296090","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a novel reconfigurable access network architecture which enables the bidirectional transmission of 1.25 - 2.5 Gbit/s. Optical network units (ONUs) are equipped with a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) and remote nodes (RNs) are based on microring resonators - both contribute to network transparency and flexibility. We also propose ONU upgrade to serve 10 Gbit/s per end-user. Next to the theoretical description and transmission simulations some principle measurement results are presented which show the feasibility of the concept.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126347027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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