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Criminal Prosecution Against the Crime of Legal Entities in Vietnam 越南对法人犯罪的刑事起诉
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4365
Do Thi Phuong
In this article we focus on the study of the current state of criminal law and criminal procedure in Vietnam on criminal prosecution of legal entities in order to find out the problems, thus proposing to ensure the effective implementation of criminal prosecution of legal entities in Vietnam. In order to solve these problems, we will compare the laws of Vietnam with the legal regulations of some countries in the world on the criminal liability of legal entities and analyze the current situation of Vietnamese law to indicate the incompatibility with the laws of other countries and their inadequacies, problems, and feasibility. Accordingly, we will make recommendations to amend and supplement some provisions of Vietnamese law on criminal prosecution of legal entities and recommend measures to ensure the implementation of the rules. This is in fact a fast, accurate, and relevant context of globalization today in Vietnam.
本文主要通过对越南刑法和刑事诉讼中法人刑事起诉的现状进行研究,找出存在的问题,从而提出保障越南法人刑事起诉有效实施的建议。为了解决这些问题,我们将越南法律与世界上一些国家关于法人刑事责任的法律规定进行比较,并分析越南法律的现状,指出越南法律与其他国家法律的不兼容之处,以及它们的不足、问题和可行性。据此,我们将提出修改和补充越南法律中关于法人刑事起诉的一些条款的建议,并提出确保规则实施的措施。这实际上是当今越南全球化的一个快速、准确和相关的背景。
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引用次数: 0
The Current Situation of Climate Change in Vietnam and Some Recommendations for Improvement of Policies and Laws 越南气候变化现状及政策法律完善建议
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4462
Tran Linh Huan
Việt Nam is an in the national family is a very important and level up. Trong thời gian qua, mặc dù Nhà nước ta đã rất tích cực tập trung vào đầu tư cho công việc ứng phó biến khí hậu về nhiều mặt, tuy nhiên bên cạnh những kết quả đã được thì hoạt động ứng phó biến khí hậu vẫn còn Còn tồn tại một số hạn chế vấn đề nhất định phải tiếp tục nghiên cứu hoàn thiện, đặc biệt là các vấn đề về chính sách, luật pháp trong nước về ứng dụng phó biến đổi khí hậu. Xuất phát từ đó, bài viết tập trung đánh giá thực hiện chuyển đổi khí hậu tại Việt Nam, parsing làm rõ một số vấn đề còn hạn chế, bất cập trong chính sách, pháp luật Việt Nam điều chỉnh về biến đổi ứng dụng hậu khí và từ đó đưa ra một số kiến ​​nghị hoàn thiện.
越南是一个在民族大家庭中很重要和水平的国家.在过去的一段时间里,虽然我们的政府非常积极地集中精力在气候变化应对方面,但除了已经取得的成果之外,气候变化应对行动还存在一些局限性,需要进一步完善,特别是在应对气候变化的政策和法律方面。从那时起,本文的重点是对越南气候变化的实施情况进行评估,分析指出了一些仍有局限性的问题,在政策上存在不足,越南关于气候变化应用的法律调整,从而提出了一些完善的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Anti-corruption Legal Reforms in China 中国最近的反腐败法律改革
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4524
Zhiyuan Guo
Corruption is one of the thorny issues in any modern society, especially in China. The new leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by President Xi Jinping has robustly initiated an anti-corruption campaign as soon as he took over as the party chief in the end of 2012. Several legal reforms aiming at fighting harder against corruption crimes drew attention from home and abroad, including foreign investors. These reforms include the enactment of the National Supervision Law in 2018, the introduction of “trial in absentia” in the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) amendment, and the establishment of a special proceeding of confiscation of illegal gains in the 2012 CPL amendment. Another undergoing reform is on the corporate compliance non-prosecution. China used to adopt a dual punishment approach upon unit crimes, which means imposing punishments on individual offenders, usually the directly responsible persons, and on the enterprises separately. However, the traditional sanction against enterprises tends to cause secondary harms to the society. For example, when a corporate is bankrupted, thousands of innocent people will be unemployed. Therefore, non-prosecution might be a more effective way of ensuring corporate compliance as well as minimalizing the harm mentioned above. This paper explores the anti-corruption mechanisms Chinese government has created or improved over the past decade and attempts to provide a whole picture of China’s anti-corruption law.
腐败是任何现代社会的棘手问题之一,尤其是在中国。几项旨在加大打击腐败犯罪力度的法律改革,引起了包括外国投资者在内的国内外关注。这些改革包括2018年制定《国家监察法》,2018年刑事诉讼法修正案引入“缺席审判”,2012年刑事诉讼法修正案设立没收违法所得特别程序。另一个正在进行改革的是企业守法不起诉制度。中国过去对单位犯罪采取双重处罚的办法,即对罪犯个人(通常是直接责任人员)和企业分别进行处罚。然而,传统的对企业的制裁往往会对社会造成二次伤害。例如,当一家公司破产时,成千上万无辜的人将失业。因此,不起诉可能是确保公司遵守规定以及尽量减少上述损害的更有效方法。本文探讨了中国政府在过去十年中建立或完善的反腐败机制,并试图提供中国反腐败法律的全貌。
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引用次数: 0
Compensation Liability in the Product Liability Law in the Context of New Requirements of the Era 新时代要求下的产品责任法中的赔偿责任
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4473
Nguyễn Thị Phương Châm
Cùng với tiến trình phát triển khoa hoc công nghệ, trách nhiệm bồi thường thiệt hại của nhà sản xuất đối với những khuyết tật của sản phẩm gây ra là một đề tài mang tính cấp thiết trước nhu cầu thời đại mới. Bài viết phân tích cơ chế bồi thường thiệt hại ngoài đồng trong hệ thống pháp luật liên quan đến trách nhiệm sản phẩm của Việt Nam, qua đó chỉ ra những vướng mắc tồn tại, nhu cầu sửa đổi để đáp ứng với sự vận động tất yếu của xã hội.
随着科学技术的进步,制造商对产品缺陷的赔偿责任是新时代的迫切需要。本文分析了越南有关产品责任的法律制度中的越共损害赔偿机制,指出了存在的问题,需要进行修改以适应必要的社会运动。
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引用次数: 0
The State Responsibility for Corruption in Investment Arbitration 投资仲裁中腐败的国家责任
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4523
Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh
In the investor-state dispute settlement context, there seems to be common for states to invoke corruption allegations as a defence against investors’ claims in front of arbitral tribunals. And if a tribunal determines that the corruption occurred during investment making, it will certainly dismiss all claims based on jurisdictional or inadmissibility grounds.However, corruption involves both sides. Therefore, this study examines the possibility of addressing the state’s role regarding corrupt acts in investor-state arbitration cases. In this paper, the author reviews five arbitration cases involving the tribunals’ findings directly relevant to the state’s acts in connection with corruption allegations. The results show that there is indeed an emerging principle for corruption control in investor-state dispute cases, which punishes both the investors and states for illicit acts. Even though this practice is not uniform in its application and scope, there is growing awareness that states could be held responsible for investments obtained through corruption under certain circumstances. The measures against states and their future implications are discussed.
在投资者与国家争端解决的背景下,国家在仲裁法庭面前援引腐败指控作为对投资者索赔的辩护似乎很常见。如果仲裁庭认定腐败发生在投资过程中,它肯定会驳回所有基于管辖权或不可受理理由的索赔。然而,腐败涉及双方。因此,本研究探讨了在投资者-国家仲裁案件中解决国家在腐败行为方面的作用的可能性。在本文中,作者回顾了五个仲裁案件,这些案件涉及法庭的裁决结果与国家与腐败指控有关的行为直接相关。结果表明,在投资者-国家纠纷案件中,确实存在一种新兴的腐败控制原则,该原则对投资者和国家的非法行为都进行了惩罚。尽管这种做法在适用和范围上并不统一,但人们越来越认识到,在某些情况下,国家可能要对通过腐败获得的投资负责。讨论了针对国家的措施及其未来的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Corruption Defense by Host States in Investor-state Arbitration 东道国在投资者-国家仲裁中的腐败辩护运用
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4522
Dao Kim Anh
Concerns about corruption have significantly grown in international investment law. Although foreign investment may boost the social and economic development of the host country, investment tainted by corruption has adverse effects, such as rising transaction costs and declining confidence in the business climate. As a result, there is a contentious argument over whether an investor who used bribery during their investment can file a claim against the host State in international investment arbitration. When investors are involved in corruption to facilitate their investment, the question of how to use corruption defense is crucial for respondent States, particularly those engaged in a ferocious fight against corruption like Vietnam. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer this question. It reveals that in investment arbitration, host States can use corruption defense in diverse ways: as an objection to jurisdiction, a challenge to the admissibility of the claims, or a substantive defense. Further, this paper evaluates the viability of these options by examining how arbitral tribunals have dealt with host States' corruption claims in the past and how the current treaty reforms may affect tribunals' decisions in future disputes. Based on this analysis, the author provides recommendations for respondent States to effectively use corruption defense in investment disputes.
国际投资法对腐败的担忧显著增加。尽管外国投资可以促进东道国的社会和经济发展,但受腐败污染的投资也会产生不利影响,例如交易成本上升和对商业环境的信心下降。因此,对于在投资过程中使用贿赂的投资者是否可以在国际投资仲裁中向东道国提出索赔,存在争议。当投资者卷入腐败以促进其投资时,如何利用腐败辩护的问题对答辩国至关重要,特别是对像越南这样进行激烈反腐败斗争的国家。因此,本文试图回答这个问题。它表明,在投资仲裁中,东道国可以以多种方式使用腐败辩护:作为对管辖权的异议,对索赔的可受理性提出质疑,或作为实质性辩护。此外,本文通过审查仲裁法庭过去如何处理东道国的腐败索赔以及当前条约改革如何影响法庭在未来争端中的裁决,评估了这些选择的可行性。在此基础上,笔者为被申请人国在投资纠纷中有效运用腐败辩护提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Global Regulations on Zero-Emission Vehicles and Lessons for Vietnam 全球零排放车辆法规及越南的经验教训
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4487
P. Thuy
The environment in the Earth has become worse. To avoid catastrophic climate change, almost all advanced economies has committed to halve their greenhouse gas emission in international agreements such as Paris Agreement. To fulfill the commitments, the concrete step which the Governments take is to enact laws or policies on zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) to cut emission as quickly as possible. This study reviews the concept of zero emission vehicles, mandate of zero emission vehicles. Most importantly, the in-depth analysis shows some experience for Vietnam to enact the involving policy therefore protecting the domestic environment
地球上的环境变得更糟了。为了避免灾难性的气候变化,几乎所有发达经济体都在《巴黎协定》等国际协定中承诺将温室气体排放量减少一半。为了履行承诺,各国政府采取的具体步骤是制定有关零排放车辆的法律或政策,以尽快减少排放。本文回顾了零排放汽车的概念、零排放汽车的使命。最重要的是,深入分析为越南制定相关政策从而保护国内环境提供了一些经验
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引用次数: 0
Comments on New Provisions of the Law on Amendments to of the Intellectual Property Law of 2022 Concerning the Protection of Inventions and Industrial Designs 《关于修改2022年知识产权法关于保护发明和工业品外观设计的新规定的意见》
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4475
N. Phuc
Bảo hộ quyền sở hữu công nghiệp đối với sáng chế, kiểu dáng công nghiệp luôn là vấn đề nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm, nhất là trong điều kiện các Hiệp định thế hệ mới (FTA) đã có hiệu lực tại Việt Nam. Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình áp dụng những quy định này tại Việt Nam còn gặp nhiều vướng mắc cần được sửa đổi, bổ sung để phù hợp với thực tiễn pháp lí và cam kết quốc tế. Trên cơ sở đó, sau thời gian đề xuất ngày 16/6/2022 Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật sở hữu trí tuệ năm 2022 đã chính thức được quốc hội thông qua với nhiều quy định mới liên quan đến bảo hộ sáng chế và kiểu dáng công nghiệp. Bài viết tập trung bình luận một số quy định mới về bảo hộ sáng chế, kiểu dáng công nghiệp được quy định trong Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật sở hữu trí tuệ năm 2022; phân tích, đánh giá sự tương thích với các Điều ước quốc tế về sở hữu trí tuệ, pháp luật một số quốc gia. Từ đó, đề xuất các giải pháp thực thi hiệu quả các quy định mới về bảo hộ sáng chế và kiểu dáng công nghiệp phù hợp với thực tiễn tại Việt Nam và các điều ước quốc tế.
对专利的工业所有权保护,工业形式一直是一个备受关注的问题,尤其是在越南已经生效的新一代自由贸易协定(FTA)的情况下。然而,在越南实施这些规定的过程中,仍有许多问题需要修改和补充,以符合法律惯例和国际承诺。在此基础上,在2022年6月16日提出修改法案之后,在2022年的知识产权法中增加了一些条款,并正式通过了许多有关专利保护和工业模式的新规定。本文重点评述了《专利法修正案》中有关专利保护、产业结构等方面的一些新规定,对《知识产权法》2022年的一些规定进行了补充;分析和评估与国际知识产权和法律条约的兼容性。从那时起,提出了有效实施的解决方案,提出了与越南的实际情况和国际条约相适应的关于专利保护和工业模式的新规定。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing the Challenges of Data Privacy Protection Law in Vietnam 应对越南数据隐私保护法的挑战
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4413
Bach Thi Nha Nam
The Internet has substantially changed human behaviors in the way of accessing and exchanging information – including personal data – easier and faster than ever. Frontier-less nature of the Internet not only enables the free flow of data across countries, but also brings new challenges including risks to privacy. Under the state surveillance, Vietnam has regulated differently privacy from the state and privacy from private actors. The utmost priority focused on regulating cyber activities that impact national security and social order and safety, which is reflected in Law on Cybersecurity No. 24/2018/QH14 on June 12, 2018. For personal data protection, the rules for the collection, storage, processing, use, disclosure, and publication of personal data are set out in Vietnam’s Civil Code 2015 and in multiple sectorial laws besides a general framework for data protection promulgated in Law on Network Information Security No. 86/2015/QH13 (Nov 19, 2015). However, these rules are drafted in broad language and are open to interpretation; however, there has been no repository for precedent till now. Recently, in order to enhance the best effort in protecting personal data, Vietnam updated its legislative agenda and planned to enact an initial decree on Personal Data Protection drafted by Vietnamese Ministry of Public Security after its first issuance in 2019. This updated draft has a more robust set of rules regulating specific rights of data subjects, cross-border transfer of data, and processing of sensitive personal data, which clarified mostly the longstanding speculation about the direction of Vietnam’s data protection regime beyond state surveillance. The objective of the present article is to point out the current status of the legal system in protecting personal data, its potential obstacles to effective protection of the right to data protection, and to put forward solutions for removing those obstacles with regard to data protection in Vietnam.
互联网大大改变了人类获取和交换信息(包括个人数据)的方式,比以往任何时候都更容易、更快捷。互联网的无边界特性不仅使数据能够在各国之间自由流动,也带来了隐私风险等新的挑战。在国家监督下,越南对国家隐私和私人行为者的隐私进行了不同的监管。2018年6月12日颁布的第24/2018/QH14号《网络安全法》体现了对影响国家安全和社会秩序安全的网络活动的监管。在个人数据保护方面,除了《网络信息安全法》第86/2015/QH13号(2015年11月19日)颁布的数据保护总体框架外,越南《2015年民法典》和多个部门法律均规定了个人数据的收集、存储、处理、使用、披露和发布规则。然而,这些规则是用广泛的语言起草的,可以进行解释;然而,到目前为止,还没有先例可供参考。最近,为了尽最大努力保护个人数据,越南更新了立法议程,并计划在2019年首次发布后颁布由越南公安部起草的《个人数据保护初步法令》。这份更新后的草案有一套更健全的规则,规范数据主体的特定权利、数据的跨境传输和敏感个人数据的处理,这在很大程度上澄清了长期以来关于越南数据保护制度在国家监督之外的方向的猜测。本文的目的是指出保护个人数据的法律制度的现状,其有效保护数据保护权的潜在障碍,并提出解决方案,以消除越南数据保护方面的这些障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Legal Comments on Employment Regulations for Enhancing Technology Transfer in Vietnam 越南加强技术转让就业法规的法律评议
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4527
Nguyen Le Thu
Technology transfer is considered one of the main factors for innovation and enhancing productivity, then becomes a crucial policy in developing countries, including Vietnam. However, research has shown that innovation in Vietnam is under the expectation, especially at the enterprise level. One reason for this concern is the need for a stable supply of skilled employees to absorb, implement and re-distribute knowledge. Thus, this paper examines the issue from the perspective of employment law which mainly relates to the rights and obligations of employees and employers for the purpose of finding how these regulations might be supplemented to promote technology transfer. Legal recommendations are the primary outcomes of the paper.
技术转让被认为是创新和提高生产力的主要因素之一,因此成为包括越南在内的发展中国家的一项关键政策。然而,研究表明,越南的创新低于预期,特别是在企业层面。这种担忧的一个原因是需要稳定的熟练员工供应来吸收、实施和重新分配知识。因此,本文从就业法的角度考察这一问题,主要涉及雇员和雇主的权利和义务,目的是寻找如何补充这些法规以促进技术转让。法律建议是本文的主要成果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
VNU Journal of Science: Legal Studies
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