P. Karmacharya, Anshu Bhattarai, G. Kathayat, Indu Tiwari
Background: The thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions; disorder of thyroid functions is considered to cause electrolytic disorders. Thus the main objective of this study is to assess the correlation of thyroid dysfunction with serum electrolyte levels. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study,100 patients who attended Manipal Teaching Hospital having thyroid hormones disarrangement were included. Estimation of serum electrolytes were also done in those patients. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were excluded. Thyroid hormones were estimated by electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay (eCLIA) and Serum sodium and potassium was estimated by ion selective electrode (ISE) method. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 23 by Spearman’s correlation test and Chi square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results: The 75% of total patients were found to be having hypothyroidism and 25% to have hyperthyroidism. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for Na+ and K+ vs fT3, fT4 showed positive correlation (p-value<0.001) and Na+ and K+ vs TSH showed negative correlation. There was significant association between Na+ and thyroid hormones (p-value<0.001) but no association between K+ and thyroid hormones. (p-value>0.001). Conclusions: The current study reveals that decrease in thyroid hormones may lead to hyponatremia. Knowledge of this significant association will be worthwhile value for clinicians, to manage their patients optimally.
{"title":"CORRELATION OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION","authors":"P. Karmacharya, Anshu Bhattarai, G. Kathayat, Indu Tiwari","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.714","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions; disorder of thyroid functions is considered to cause electrolytic disorders. Thus the main objective of this study is to assess the correlation of thyroid dysfunction with serum electrolyte levels.\u0000Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study,100 patients who attended Manipal Teaching Hospital having thyroid hormones disarrangement were included. Estimation of serum electrolytes were also done in those patients. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were excluded. Thyroid hormones were estimated by electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay (eCLIA) and Serum sodium and potassium was estimated by ion selective electrode (ISE) method. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 23 by Spearman’s correlation test and Chi square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance.\u0000Results: The 75% of total patients were found to be having hypothyroidism and 25% to have hyperthyroidism. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for Na+ and K+ vs fT3, fT4 showed positive correlation (p-value<0.001) and Na+ and K+ vs TSH showed negative correlation. There was significant association between Na+ and thyroid hormones (p-value<0.001) but no association between K+ and thyroid hormones. (p-value>0.001).\u0000Conclusions: The current study reveals that decrease in thyroid hormones may lead to hyponatremia. Knowledge of this significant association will be worthwhile value for clinicians, to manage their patients optimally.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121065456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Murtuza, B. Dhital, S. Regmi, S. Thapa, P. Gurung, A. Khan, Sagar Thapa, A. Hussain
Background: Coronary artery anomalies are infrequent findings during coronary angiography and may result in longer radiation time and increase the risk of complications. Insufficient knowledge of coronary anomaly may lead to accidental damage of vessels during cardiac surgery. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of coronary artery anomalies among the patients underwent coronary angiography at our center. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. Coronary angiography records of all patients from 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2022 were analyzed by two interventional cardiologists. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social survey, Version 20.0 for windows. The categorical variables were presented as numbers or percentages (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: A total of 1015 patients who underwent coronary angiography for various indication were included. Coronary artery anomalies were observed in 21 (2.1%) patients. Among anomalies most common was anomalies of origin 16 (76.2%) followed by anomalies of intrinsic coronary artery 5 (23.8%). Separate origin of the conus branch was the most common coronary artery variation 103 (10.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies in present study was similar to many large sample size previous studies from different geographical area. However present study reflects scenario of our population, which may be helpful for interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon during coronary angioplasty and cardiac surgery.
背景:冠状动脉异常是冠状动脉造影中罕见的发现，可能导致较长的放射时间和增加并发症的风险。对冠状动脉异常的认识不足可能导致心脏手术中血管的意外损伤。本研究旨在估计在本中心接受冠状动脉造影的患者中冠状动脉异常的发生率。方法:在奇旺医学院进行回顾性研究。两名介入性心脏病专家分析了2020年4月1日至2022年4月30日所有患者的冠状动脉造影记录。统计分析使用Statistical package for social survey, Version 20.0 for windows。分类变量以数字或百分比(%)表示，连续变量以均数±标准差表示。结果:共纳入1015例因各种适应症行冠状动脉造影的患者。冠状动脉异常21例(2.1%)。异常以源性异常16例(76.2%)最为常见，其次为内禀冠状动脉异常5例(23.8%)。圆锥支分离起源是最常见的冠状动脉变异103(10.1%)。结论:本研究的冠状动脉异常患病率与以往不同地理区域的大样本研究相似。然而，本研究反映了我们人群的情况，可能对介入心脏病专家和心脏外科医生在冠状动脉成形术和心脏手术中有所帮助。
{"title":"CORONARY ARTERY ANOMALIES IN PATIENTS UNDERWENT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL NEPAL","authors":"S. Murtuza, B. Dhital, S. Regmi, S. Thapa, P. Gurung, A. Khan, Sagar Thapa, A. Hussain","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery anomalies are infrequent findings during coronary angiography and may result in longer radiation time and increase the risk of complications. Insufficient knowledge of coronary anomaly may lead to accidental damage of vessels during cardiac surgery. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of coronary artery anomalies among the patients underwent coronary angiography at our center.\u0000Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. Coronary angiography records of all patients from 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2022 were analyzed by two interventional cardiologists. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social survey, Version 20.0 for windows. The categorical variables were presented as numbers or percentages (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation.\u0000Results: A total of 1015 patients who underwent coronary angiography for various indication were included. Coronary artery anomalies were observed in 21 (2.1%) patients. Among anomalies most common was anomalies of origin 16 (76.2%) followed by anomalies of intrinsic coronary artery 5 (23.8%). Separate origin of the conus branch was the most common coronary artery variation 103 (10.1%).\u0000Conclusions: The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies in present study was similar to many large sample size previous studies from different geographical area. However present study reflects scenario of our population, which may be helpful for interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon during coronary angioplasty and cardiac surgery.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128117472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saurabh Roy, Karnika Yadav, M. Acharya, Pritam Raj, Bibek Singh
Background: Psychological stress adversely affects the physiological effectiveness of a person to an abundant point of melancholy. Considering the high prevalence of oral health problems in psychiatric patients, the present study was conducted to assess prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in psychiatric patients attending psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Outpatient Department of psychiatry at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar. A total number of 130 patients diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions and stress related conditions were screened. Data for this research was collected by Oral visual examination. Statistical analysis was carried out by using spss software version 21 with use of descriptive statistics like mean and percentage. Results: Majority of the participants were females constituting of 61% of the study group and male subjects with 39 % of the sample size. Major participants were of 38-48 years of range and least from 58 years and above. Schizophrenia was most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Lichen planus was mostly associated with 38% of females, while apthous ulcers were predominant in 40 % of male populations. Conclusions: Oral mucosal Lesions lessen the quality of life of patients, the role of stress and other psychogenic factors cannot be ruled out. The present study highlights the association of stress and anxiety in development of mucosal lesions in patients with psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN A TERTIARY MEDICAL CENTER","authors":"Saurabh Roy, Karnika Yadav, M. Acharya, Pritam Raj, Bibek Singh","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychological stress adversely affects the physiological effectiveness of a person to an abundant point of melancholy. Considering the high prevalence of oral health problems in psychiatric patients, the present study was conducted to assess prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in psychiatric patients attending psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital.\u0000Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Outpatient Department of psychiatry at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar. A total number of 130 patients diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions and stress related conditions were screened. Data for this research was collected by Oral visual examination. Statistical analysis was carried out by using spss software version 21 with use of descriptive statistics like mean and percentage.\u0000Results: Majority of the participants were females constituting of 61% of the study group and male subjects with 39 % of the sample size. Major participants were of 38-48 years of range and least from 58 years and above. Schizophrenia was most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Lichen planus was mostly associated with 38% of females, while apthous ulcers were predominant in 40 % of male populations. \u0000Conclusions: Oral mucosal Lesions lessen the quality of life of patients, the role of stress and other psychogenic factors cannot be ruled out. The present study highlights the association of stress and anxiety in development of mucosal lesions in patients with psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128681777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Shrestha, G. A. Khan, Ajeevan Gautam, S. Shakya
Background: Scapula is the important flat bone which plays important role in movement of shoulder girdle. Scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products. Present study was carried out with objective to determine the scapular index. Methods: Fifty adult scapula were collected from Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College for study. Gender and ethnicity of scapula were undefined. Bony landmarks are well located. Scapular breadths and lengths were measured using digital vernier caliper. Scapular index was calculated. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 16 software. Results: Among the fifty scapulae, 52% contributes right sided scapula and 48% left sided scapula. Mean and standard deviation for scapular breadth were 95.84 mm and 3.843 mm respectively. Maximum number (48%) of scapula was found in the range of 90-< 95 mm breadth followed by 95-<100 mm (19%) and 100-<105 mm (14%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular length was 129.28 mm and 11.83 mm respectively. Maximum (22%) of scapula was found in range of 120-<125 mm followed by 125-<135 mm (18%) and 135-150mm (5%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular index were 75.32 mm and& 7.32 mm respectively. Maximum value (46%) of scapular index was found in the range of 70-<75% followed by 65-<70% (16%); 80-85% (14%); 90-<95% (10%); 60-65% (4%) and 85-90% (2%). Conclusions: Scapular breadth, length and indices like scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products and procedure like prosthesis positioning.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF SCAPULAR INDEX IN HUMAN SCAPULA","authors":"Amit Shrestha, G. A. Khan, Ajeevan Gautam, S. Shakya","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scapula is the important flat bone which plays important role in movement of shoulder girdle. Scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products. Present study was carried out with objective to determine the scapular index.\u0000Methods: Fifty adult scapula were collected from Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College for study. Gender and ethnicity of scapula were undefined. Bony landmarks are well located. Scapular breadths and lengths were measured using digital vernier caliper. Scapular index was calculated. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 16 software.\u0000Results: Among the fifty scapulae, 52% contributes right sided scapula and 48% left sided scapula. Mean and standard deviation for scapular breadth were 95.84 mm and 3.843 mm respectively. Maximum number (48%) of scapula was found in the range of 90-< 95 mm breadth followed by 95-<100 mm (19%) and 100-<105 mm (14%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular length was 129.28 mm and 11.83 mm respectively. Maximum (22%) of scapula was found in range of 120-<125 mm followed by 125-<135 mm (18%) and 135-150mm (5%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular index were 75.32 mm and& 7.32 mm respectively. Maximum value (46%) of scapular index was found in the range of 70-<75% followed by 65-<70% (16%); 80-85% (14%); 90-<95% (10%); 60-65% (4%) and 85-90% (2%).\u0000Conclusions: Scapular breadth, length and indices like scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products and procedure like prosthesis positioning.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127482742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Otorhinolaryngological problems are very common among children. The pattern of ENT disorders varies from community to hospital depending upon the demographic, socioeconomic and health facilities available in that particular region. The objective of the study was to evaluate and determine the hospital based prevalence of disorders of Ear, Nose and Throat among children. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in department of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital during the period of 1 year from 15th June 2021 to 15th June 2022. 320 patients attending the ENT outpatients during the study period were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was taken from patient and attendant. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical examination. Results were expressed in numbers and percentage. Results: Among the 320 (3.66%) respondents (58.7%) were Males and (42.2%) were Females. Most of the children belonged to age group 0-5 years (56.25%), were living in Nuclear family (73.4%), belong to Middle upper middle class of family (43.1%). The most common ENT disorders were ear wax (32.5%) among otological disorders, pharyngitis (6.9%) among throat disorders and rhinitis (6.6%) among nasal disorders. Conclusions: The study revealed ear wax, pharyngitis and rhinitis were the most common ENT related disorders in our area. We can improve the rate of prevalence of ENT disorders by firstly raising awareness among people and then taking further steps to improve education and health system.
{"title":"SPECTRUM OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AMONG PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF NEPAL","authors":"Jeegyasha Thapa, Sangita Regmi Chalise, S. Khadka, Abishesh Shakya, Rashmi Ranjan, Prabha Chettri","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otorhinolaryngological problems are very common among children. The pattern of ENT disorders varies from community to hospital depending upon the demographic, socioeconomic and health facilities available in that particular region. The objective of the study was to evaluate and determine the hospital based prevalence of disorders of Ear, Nose and Throat among children.\u0000Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in department of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital during the period of 1 year from 15th June 2021 to 15th June 2022. 320 patients attending the ENT outpatients during the study period were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was taken from patient and attendant. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical examination. Results were expressed in numbers and percentage.\u0000Results: Among the 320 (3.66%) respondents (58.7%) were Males and (42.2%) were Females. Most of the children belonged to age group 0-5 years (56.25%), were living in Nuclear family (73.4%), belong to Middle upper middle class of family (43.1%). The most common ENT disorders were ear wax (32.5%) among otological disorders, pharyngitis (6.9%) among throat disorders and rhinitis (6.6%) among nasal disorders.\u0000Conclusions: The study revealed ear wax, pharyngitis and rhinitis were the most common ENT related disorders in our area. We can improve the rate of prevalence of ENT disorders by firstly raising awareness among people and then taking further steps to improve education and health system.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117002514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There are number of maternal and neonatal factors that determine placental characteristics which in turn determine intrauterine life of the fetus. There are limited studies regarding the topic in Nepalese context. Therefore this study aimed to assess the placental characteristics and neonatal outcome of singleton deliveries in a Zonal hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 women with single term delivery using convenience sampling. A structured interview schedule, placental examination perfoma and APGAR score were used to collect data. Data were entered in SPSS version 20 for Windows and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings revealed that almost all placentas were red in color (93.3%), round in shape (99.3%), centrally located umbilical cord (96.0%) and normally inserted placental membrane. Mean placental weight and umbilical length was 492.17 (±99.160) gm and 52.89 (±11.151) cm respectively. Almost all neonates had normal birth weight i.e. 2500 gm., mean weight 2936.13 gm. (± 368.33). Seventeen percent of neonate had mild to severe asphyxia in one minute. Significant association was found between placental weight and maternal factors such as educational status (p= 0.008), annual household income (p= 0.013) and parity (p= 0.001). Significant relationship was found between weight of placenta and weight of neonate (rs = 0.335, p = <0.05) as well as weight of neonate and APGAR score (rs =0.145, p = <0.05) Conclusions: Few deliveries have marginal cord insertion and circumvallate placenta. Some neonates have asphyxia and admitted to intensive care unit. Hence regular placental examinations provide valuable information immediate care to mother and neonates.
背景:有许多母体和新生儿因素决定胎盘特征，进而决定胎儿的宫内寿命。关于尼泊尔背景下这一主题的研究有限。因此，本研究旨在评估胎盘特征和新生儿结局在一个地区医院的单胎分娩。方法:采用方便抽样方法对300例单足月分娩妇女进行横断面研究。采用结构化访谈计划、胎盘检查表现和APGAR评分收集数据。数据在SPSS version 20 for Windows中输入，并使用描述性和推断性统计进行分析。结果:几乎所有胎盘颜色为红色(93.3%)，形状为圆形(99.3%)，位于脐带中心(96.0%)，胎盘膜插入正常。平均胎盘重量492.17(±99.160)gm，平均脐长52.89(±11.151)cm。新生儿出生体重2500克，平均体重2936.13克(±368.33)。17%的新生儿在一分钟内出现轻度至重度窒息。胎盘重量与母亲受教育程度(p= 0.008)、家庭年收入(p= 0.013)、胎次(p= 0.001)等因素存在显著相关。胎盘重量与新生儿体重(rs = 0.335, p = <0.05)、新生儿体重与APGAR评分(rs =0.145, p = <0.05)呈显著相关。结论:边缘脐带插入和环瓣胎盘发生率较低。一些新生儿因窒息而住进了重症监护病房。因此，定期的胎盘检查为母亲和新生儿提供了宝贵的信息和及时的护理。
{"title":"PLACENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NEONATAL OUTCOME OF SINGLETON DELIVERIES IN A ZONAL HOSPITAL, JANAKPUR","authors":"Srijana Mahato, K. Sharma","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are number of maternal and neonatal factors that determine placental characteristics which in turn determine intrauterine life of the fetus. There are limited studies regarding the topic in Nepalese context. Therefore this study aimed to assess the placental characteristics and neonatal outcome of singleton deliveries in a Zonal hospital.\u0000Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 women with single term delivery using convenience sampling. A structured interview schedule, placental examination perfoma and APGAR score were used to collect data. Data were entered in SPSS version 20 for Windows and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.\u0000Results: Findings revealed that almost all placentas were red in color (93.3%), round in shape (99.3%), centrally located umbilical cord (96.0%) and normally inserted placental membrane. Mean placental weight and umbilical length was 492.17 (±99.160) gm and 52.89 (±11.151) cm respectively. Almost all neonates had normal birth weight i.e. 2500 gm., mean weight 2936.13 gm. (± 368.33). Seventeen percent of neonate had mild to severe asphyxia in one minute. Significant association was found between placental weight and maternal factors such as educational status (p= 0.008), annual household income (p= 0.013) and parity (p= 0.001). Significant relationship was found between weight of placenta and weight of neonate (rs = 0.335, p = <0.05) as well as weight of neonate and APGAR score (rs =0.145, p = <0.05)\u0000Conclusions: Few deliveries have marginal cord insertion and circumvallate placenta. Some neonates have asphyxia and admitted to intensive care unit. Hence regular placental examinations provide valuable information immediate care to mother and neonates.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Joshi, S. Shrestha, K. Prajapati, Sharada Devi Wagle, R. Nyachhyon, S. Sundas
Background: The success of root canal therapy depends on proper knowledge of root canal system, presence of extra canals, complete debridement and three-dimensional obturation of the entire root canal system. Previous studies have reported three to five canals in mandibular first molars. There might be chance of missing the canal that may lead to root canal failure, because of the variability in the number of root canals. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of extra canal in the permanent mandibular first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of Peoples Dental College and Hospital over a period of ten months from 6th September 2021 to 31st July 2022 after receiving ethical clearance from Institutional review Committee (IRC) Peoples dental college on 5th September 2021 (ref no1/ch no 5,2078/2079). About 350 mandibular first molar was selected by convenient sampling. After access preparation, all canal orifices were located and data were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table. Results: Out of 350 patients, the percentage of three canals, four canals and five canals were respectively 273(78%), 76(21.7%) and 1(0.3%). Conclusions: The finding of this study supports the presence of extra canals in mandibular first molar. Thus, the clinicians require more diagnostic approaches, access modifications, and skills to locate, clean and shape the entire root canal system.
背景:根管治疗的成功取决于对根管系统的正确认识，是否存在额外的根管，完整的清创术和整个根管系统的三维封闭。先前的研究报道了下颌第一磨牙的三到五个管。由于根管数量的变化，可能会有机会错过根管，从而导致根管失败。本研究的目的是确定接受根管治疗的患者下颌第一磨牙的外根管的百分比。方法:本横断面研究于2021年9月5日获得机构审查委员会(IRC)人民牙科学院(ref no . 1/ch no . 5,2078/2079)的伦理许可后，于2021年9月6日至2022年7月31日在人民牙科学院和医院保守牙科和牙髓科进行，为期10个月。通过方便取样，选取了约350颗下颌第一磨牙。通路准备后，定位所有管口并记录数据。数据分析采用SPSS 22.0版本，并附有频率表。结果:350例患者中，三管、四管和五管患者分别占273例(78%)、76例(21.7%)和1例(0.3%)。结论:本研究结果支持下颌第一磨牙存在外根管。因此，临床医生需要更多的诊断方法、通路修改和技能来定位、清洁和塑造整个根管系统。
{"title":"PRESENCE OF EXTRA CANAL IN PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR","authors":"N. Joshi, S. Shrestha, K. Prajapati, Sharada Devi Wagle, R. Nyachhyon, S. Sundas","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The success of root canal therapy depends on proper knowledge of root canal system, presence of extra canals, complete debridement and three-dimensional obturation of the entire root canal system. Previous studies have reported three to five canals in mandibular first molars. There might be chance of missing the canal that may lead to root canal failure, because of the variability in the number of root canals. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of extra canal in the permanent mandibular first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of Peoples Dental College and Hospital over a period of ten months from 6th September 2021 to 31st July 2022 after receiving ethical clearance from Institutional review Committee (IRC) Peoples dental college on 5th September 2021 (ref no1/ch no 5,2078/2079). About 350 mandibular first molar was selected by convenient sampling. After access preparation, all canal orifices were located and data were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table.\u0000Results: Out of 350 patients, the percentage of three canals, four canals and five canals were respectively 273(78%), 76(21.7%) and 1(0.3%).\u0000Conclusions: The finding of this study supports the presence of extra canals in mandibular first molar. Thus, the clinicians require more diagnostic approaches, access modifications, and skills to locate, clean and shape the entire root canal system.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Surgical procedures require a safe anesthesia and safe anesthetic agents for this purpose use of small dose of sedative agent or any other anesthetic agent in order to reduce the dose requirement as well as adverse effects of the main inducing agent. Therefore, this study was carried out using ketamine with propofol (KETOFOL) to compare the hemodynamic stability (Heart rate and Mean arterial pressure) and induction doses. Methods: Fifty patients of age 18 to 60 years of ASA II and I scheduled for elective surgery to be performed under general anaesthesia were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Patient in Group-P received 50 mg propofol and Group-K received 50 mg (25mg ketamine with 25 mg propofol) intravenously bolus slowly and then 10 mg in every 10 seconds until the loss of eyelash reflex and verbal response. The hemodynamic response was noted at different given time. Chi square test and student’s t test were used for analysis. Results: The study showed that the hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) was maintained and decrease in dose requirement for propofol for induction in (ketamine with propofol Ketofol group whereas there was significant decrease in hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) in Propofol group. Conclusions: Our study concluded that fluctuations in heart rate and mean arterial pressure from baseline were more in propofol group compared to ketofol (ketamine with propofol) group. Therefore, Ketofol achieved better hemodynamic stability over propofol alone and also induction dose of propofol was reduced.
{"title":"ANESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF PROPOFOL AND KETOFOL (KETAMINE WITH PROPOFOL): A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"R. Yadav, A. Thapa, Rakesh Sah, H. Upadhyay","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical procedures require a safe anesthesia and safe anesthetic agents for this purpose use of small dose of sedative agent or any other anesthetic agent in order to reduce the dose requirement as well as adverse effects of the main inducing agent. Therefore, this study was carried out using ketamine with propofol (KETOFOL) to compare the hemodynamic stability (Heart rate and Mean arterial pressure) and induction doses.\u0000Methods: Fifty patients of age 18 to 60 years of ASA II and I scheduled for elective surgery to be performed under general anaesthesia were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Patient in Group-P received 50 mg propofol and Group-K received 50 mg (25mg ketamine with 25 mg propofol) intravenously bolus slowly and then 10 mg in every 10 seconds until the loss of eyelash reflex and verbal response. The hemodynamic response was noted at different given time. Chi square test and student’s t test were used for analysis.\u0000Results: The study showed that the hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) was maintained and decrease in dose requirement for propofol for induction in (ketamine with propofol Ketofol group whereas there was significant decrease in hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) in Propofol group.\u0000Conclusions: Our study concluded that fluctuations in heart rate and mean arterial pressure from baseline were more in propofol group compared to ketofol (ketamine with propofol) group. Therefore, Ketofol achieved better hemodynamic stability over propofol alone and also induction dose of propofol was reduced.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134251591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Large number of new drugs are introduced into the market everyday. Drug advertisements are used as a major marketing tool by the pharmaceutical companies to promote their new drugs. WHO has recommended the drug promotional advertisement criteria to make promotional more ethical and rational. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the drug advertisements made by pharmaceutical companies as per WHO ethical criteria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of drug advertisements was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology at CMC. The drug advertisements were evaluated based on 11 criteria laid down by the WHO. The data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel software 2008 and exported to IBM SPSS 20.0 version software for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Total 185 drug advertisements were evaluated. Among them, most of them 66.40% were promoting single drug formulation. Antimicrobials 21.6% were the most commonly promoted group. Only 12.4% followed all the criteria as led down by WHO. Most of the drug advertisements have the brand name written with approved generic name, dose, manufacture name and dosage form. It was found that the most neglected part of drug advertisements was information related to drug interactions (12.40%) and side effects (14.10%). Conclusions: Majority of drug advertisements fulfilled only half of the WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. This indicates that unethical drug promotional advertisement is wide spread which need concern of all health authority.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DRUG ADVERTISEMENTS MADE BY PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES AS PER WHO ETHICAL CRITERIA FOR MEDICINAL DRUG PROMOTION IN CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL","authors":"Gita Paudel, Lokeshwar Chaurasia, Karma Murti Bhurtyal, S. Karki, Sanjay Raj Baral, Roshan Kumar Chaurasiya, Unisha Khanal","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1139","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Large number of new drugs are introduced into the market everyday. Drug advertisements are used as a major marketing tool by the pharmaceutical companies to promote their new drugs. WHO has recommended the drug promotional advertisement criteria to make promotional more ethical and rational. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the drug advertisements made by pharmaceutical companies as per WHO ethical criteria.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of drug advertisements was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology at CMC. The drug advertisements were evaluated based on 11 criteria laid down by the WHO. The data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel software 2008 and exported to IBM SPSS 20.0 version software for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.\u0000Results: Total 185 drug advertisements were evaluated. Among them, most of them 66.40% were promoting single drug formulation. Antimicrobials 21.6% were the most commonly promoted group. Only 12.4% followed all the criteria as led down by WHO. Most of the drug advertisements have the brand name written with approved generic name, dose, manufacture name and dosage form. It was found that the most neglected part of drug advertisements was information related to drug interactions (12.40%) and side effects (14.10%).\u0000Conclusions: Majority of drug advertisements fulfilled only half of the WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. This indicates that unethical drug promotional advertisement is wide spread which need concern of all health authority.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125816074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Introduction to Clinical Medicine (ICM) is a relatively new and innovative approach for teaching medicine. ICM engages medical students in their understanding of the disease process from clinical feature to diagnosis, studying abnormalities of complaints, examination. The aim of this study was to find the undergraduate medical students’ perceptions and opinions towards Introduction towards Clinical Medicine. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students using non-probability sampling technique from 22nd June 2022 to 15th October 2022. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of College of Medical Sciences. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools in SPSS-20. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study was carried out among 220 medical students. The mean and standard deviation of age of students was found to be 22.50±1.89 years. The ratio of gender of students was almost equal. The positive level of perception was found to be 43.6% with 95% CI 37.04% to 50.15%. More than 99% student’s choice was to read clinical medicine. None of the variables was found to be statistically significant with the level of perception. Conclusions: Most of the students are strongly agree with the relevance and significance of this subject introducing in MBBS level. Very minimum percentage students had making future plan to read basic science subject while more than half of the students had future plan to choose ICM as a carrier subject.
{"title":"UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND OPINIONS TOWARDS INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE","authors":"M. Pradhan, H. Upadhyay, A. Shrestha, K. Khadka","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Introduction to Clinical Medicine (ICM) is a relatively new and innovative approach for teaching medicine. ICM engages medical students in their understanding of the disease process from clinical feature to diagnosis, studying abnormalities of complaints, examination. The aim of this study was to find the undergraduate medical students’ perceptions and opinions towards Introduction towards Clinical Medicine.\u0000Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students using non-probability sampling technique from 22nd June 2022 to 15th October 2022. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of College of Medical Sciences. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools in SPSS-20. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.\u0000Results: This study was carried out among 220 medical students. The mean and standard deviation of age of students was found to be 22.50±1.89 years. The ratio of gender of students was almost equal. The positive level of perception was found to be 43.6% with 95% CI 37.04% to 50.15%. More than 99% student’s choice was to read clinical medicine. None of the variables was found to be statistically significant with the level of perception.\u0000Conclusions: Most of the students are strongly agree with the relevance and significance of this subject introducing in MBBS level. Very minimum percentage students had making future plan to read basic science subject while more than half of the students had future plan to choose ICM as a carrier subject.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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