Amrita Sinha, S. Upadhyaya, Mrinalini Singh, N. Kafle
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men over the age of 65 years. Most frequently encountered diseases of the prostate are benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and carcinoma. Prostate specific antigen is a tumour marker and is expressed by both normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. This study was done to determine the association between histopathological diagnosis in prostatic biopsy and serum prostatic specific antigen level. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College from February 15, 2020 to October15, 2020. All consecutive patients attending the pathology department with prostate biopsy and serum PSA level were included in the study. Histopathological examination was done and its association with serum prostatic specific antigen level was done. Results: In the biopsy findings, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)was the most common case seen in 41 (48.8%) cases out of 84 cases. Majority of benign cases (BPH and BPH with prostatitis) were seen in the PSA range of 0-7ng/ml. Maximum cases of adenocarcinoma were seen in the range of >20ng/ml. Chi-Square test showed a value of 5.89 while P value was <0.01 indicating that the increasing serum PSA level is associated with higher chance of adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: PSA is a specific marker for prostatic tissue. It can be raised in benign lesions of the prostate due to membrane disruption. However, an increased PSA level above 20 ng/ml increases the chance of detecting malignant lesions.
{"title":"PROSTATE BIOPSIES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN IN PATIENT ATTENDING BIRAT MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL","authors":"Amrita Sinha, S. Upadhyaya, Mrinalini Singh, N. Kafle","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.640","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men over the age of 65 years. Most frequently encountered diseases of the prostate are benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and carcinoma. Prostate specific antigen is a tumour marker and is expressed by both normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. This study was done to determine the association between histopathological diagnosis in prostatic biopsy and serum prostatic specific antigen level.\u0000Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College from February 15, 2020 to October15, 2020. All consecutive patients attending the pathology department with prostate biopsy and serum PSA level were included in the study. Histopathological examination was done and its association with serum prostatic specific antigen level was done.\u0000Results: In the biopsy findings, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)was the most common case seen in 41 (48.8%) cases out of 84 cases. Majority of benign cases (BPH and BPH with prostatitis) were seen in the PSA range of 0-7ng/ml. Maximum cases of adenocarcinoma were seen in the range of >20ng/ml. Chi-Square test showed a value of 5.89 while P value was <0.01 indicating that the increasing serum PSA level is associated with higher chance of adenocarcinoma.\u0000Conclusions: PSA is a specific marker for prostatic tissue. It can be raised in benign lesions of the prostate due to membrane disruption. However, an increased PSA level above 20 ng/ml increases the chance of detecting malignant lesions.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121513711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuleshwar Mandal, Resha Rijal, D. Kafle, K. Adhikari
Background: Menopause is a phase of woman’s natural aging process and is marked by the cessation of ovarian function. The increased incidence of cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women may be due to hormonal imbalance leading to derangement of lipid profile. The aim of study was to study the serum lipid profile among post-menopausal women attending at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 156 post-menopausal women attending Medicine Out Patient Department at Chitwan medical college and teaching hospital. Serum Lipid profile were measured by an automated on Dimension® clinical chemistry analyzer and serum estrogen was measured by CLIA on Siemen ADVIA Centaur XP immunoassay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Study finding suggests that serum Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, and LDL were found to be elevated in 48.7%, 23.7% and 14.7% study participants respectively while serum HDL level was found to be low in 10.9% study subjects. Serum HDL had significantly associated with different age groups and estrogen(p<0.05). The serum TG, TC, and LDL were negatively correlated (r = -0.096, p = 0.23), (r = -0.09, p = 0.22), (r = -0.18, p = 0.04) with estrogen respectively while serum HDL was positively correlated (r = 0.32, p = 0.01) with estrogen. The serum TG, TC, LDL were negatively correlated with age and serum HDL was positively correlated with age. Conclusions: Due to changes in lipid profiles and the loss of estrogen’s cardio preventive impact, post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
背景:更年期是女性自然衰老过程的一个阶段，以卵巢功能停止为标志。绝经后妇女心血管风险的增加可能是由于激素失衡导致血脂紊乱。研究的目的是研究在尼泊尔三级保健医院就诊的绝经后妇女的血脂状况。方法:本研究是一项以医院为基础的描述性横断面研究，对在Chitwan医学院和教学医院内科门诊部就诊的156名绝经后妇女进行调查。采用全自动on Dimension®临床化学分析仪检测血脂，采用Siemen ADVIA Centaur XP免疫分析法采用CLIA检测血清雌激素。数据分析采用SPSS version 20。结果:研究发现，48.7%、23.7%和14.7%的研究对象血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平升高，10.9%的研究对象血清高密度脂蛋白水平降低。血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)与雌激素水平有显著相关性(p<0.05)。血清TG、TC、LDL与雌激素分别呈负相关(r = -0.096, p = 0.23)、负相关(r = -0.09, p = 0.22)、负相关(r = -0.18, p = 0.04)，而血清HDL与雌激素呈正相关(r = 0.32, p = 0.01)。血清TG、TC、LDL与年龄呈负相关，HDL与年龄呈正相关。结论:由于脂质谱的变化和雌激素心血管预防作用的丧失，绝经后妇女患心血管疾病的风险增加。
{"title":"SERUM LIPID PROFILE AMONG POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN ATTENDING TERTIARY HOSPITAL AT CHITWAN, NEPAL","authors":"Fuleshwar Mandal, Resha Rijal, D. Kafle, K. Adhikari","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menopause is a phase of woman’s natural aging process and is marked by the cessation of ovarian function. The increased incidence of cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women may be due to hormonal imbalance leading to derangement of lipid profile. The aim of study was to study the serum lipid profile among post-menopausal women attending at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.\u0000Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 156 post-menopausal women attending Medicine Out Patient Department at Chitwan medical college and teaching hospital. Serum Lipid profile were measured by an automated on Dimension® clinical chemistry analyzer and serum estrogen was measured by CLIA on Siemen ADVIA Centaur XP immunoassay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.\u0000Results: Study finding suggests that serum Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, and LDL were found to be elevated in 48.7%, 23.7% and 14.7% study participants respectively while serum HDL level was found to be low in 10.9% study subjects. Serum HDL had significantly associated with different age groups and estrogen(p<0.05). The serum TG, TC, and LDL were negatively correlated (r = -0.096, p = 0.23), (r = -0.09, p = 0.22), (r = -0.18, p = 0.04) with estrogen respectively while serum HDL was positively correlated (r = 0.32, p = 0.01) with estrogen. The serum TG, TC, LDL were negatively correlated with age and serum HDL was positively correlated with age.\u0000Conclusions: Due to changes in lipid profiles and the loss of estrogen’s cardio preventive impact, post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133487558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swapna Munaga, Kiran R Halkai, Abdul Kader Al Jarrah, Rajkiran Chitumalla, Rahul S Halkai, Sheeba Khan
Background: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete debridement and disinfection of canal space. Various chemicals have been used for canal disinfection. However, to overcome the adverse effects, toxicity issues, and microbial resistance of most conventional canal disinfectants, alternative agents are needed. Many herbal products have been studied and recommended for canal disinfection. This article aimed to review the role of herbal extracts in canal disinfection as an irrigant, intracanal medicament, and their efficacy in smear layer removal. Results: Studies were identified through search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The search was undertaken with keywords herbal agents/ products for root canal disinfection, Enterococcus faecalis, endodontics, smear layer, biofilm, herbal extracts and antimicrobial activity. The literature was reviewed for past 30 years (1990- till June 2020). The results showed that several in-vitro studies reported effective antimicrobial action of herbal extracts for canal disinfection, however, very less in-vivo or clinical studies have been reported to ascertain the use of these agents for endodontic therapy. Conclusions: The study concludes that herbal agents can be effectively used for canal disinfection. However, long-term, invitro, clinical, biocompatibility studies clinical trials are further needed to confidently use these products in endodontics. Herbal extracts can be used as substitute to existing root canal disinfectants due to their unique properties. Therefore, improving the endodontic success rate by preventing root canal failures, persistent and reinfections.
{"title":"ROLE OF HERBAL EXTRACTS IN ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION AND REMOVAL OF SMEAR LAYER: A REVIEW","authors":"Swapna Munaga, Kiran R Halkai, Abdul Kader Al Jarrah, Rajkiran Chitumalla, Rahul S Halkai, Sheeba Khan","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete debridement and disinfection of canal space. Various chemicals have been used for canal disinfection. However, to overcome the adverse effects, toxicity issues, and microbial resistance of most conventional canal disinfectants, alternative agents are needed. Many herbal products have been studied and recommended for canal disinfection. This article aimed to review the role of herbal extracts in canal disinfection as an irrigant, intracanal medicament, and their efficacy in smear layer removal. \u0000Results: Studies were identified through search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The search was undertaken with keywords herbal agents/ products for root canal disinfection, Enterococcus faecalis, endodontics, smear layer, biofilm, herbal extracts and antimicrobial activity. The literature was reviewed for past 30 years (1990- till June 2020). The results showed that several in-vitro studies reported effective antimicrobial action of herbal extracts for canal disinfection, however, very less in-vivo or clinical studies have been reported to ascertain the use of these agents for endodontic therapy. \u0000Conclusions: The study concludes that herbal agents can be effectively used for canal disinfection. However, long-term, invitro, clinical, biocompatibility studies clinical trials are further needed to confidently use these products in endodontics. Herbal extracts can be used as substitute to existing root canal disinfectants due to their unique properties. Therefore, improving the endodontic success rate by preventing root canal failures, persistent and reinfections.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117201685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaurav Bhandari, Sushil Rana Magar, P. Chand, S. Acharya, K. Amgain, Anup Pokhrel, Suyash Acharya, S. Khadka
Background: Blood transfusion during orthopedic surgery is associated with different types of complications. The goal of this research was to observe if tranexamic acid could help in reducing perioperative blood loss after proximal femur fracture surgery. Methods: At Shree Birendra Hospital, a total of 60 patients with proximal femur fractures participated in this one-year observational study. The study group (n=30) received 1g intravenous tranexamic acid at induction of anesthesia, whereas the control group (n=30) received intravenous normal saline. Using a proximal femoral nailing device, all patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation. Preoperative and postoperative hematological parameters, as well as intraoperative blood loss were measured. Patients were followed up till the third day for the need of blood transfusion. Statistics Program for Social Sciences version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The study’s preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were 10.5±1.43gm/dl versus 10.9±1.2gm/dl and 31.5±4.19% versus 32.7±3.6%, respectively, compared to the control group. In the study versus control group, the values were 10.1±1.0gm versus 9.9±0.8gm (p=0.01) and 30.3±3% versus 29.7±2.4% (p=0.03) on day one and 10±0.69gm versus 9.68±0.51gm (p=0.049) and 30±2.07% versus 29.04±1.53% (p=0.049) on day three. Total blood loss in the study group was 156.79±43.46ml compared to 392.63±92.32ml in the control group (p=0.00), with both apparent and hidden blood loss being lower in the study group. Conclusions: In patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery of proximal femoral fractures using proximal femoral nailing system, intravenous administration of a single dose of 1g tranexamic acid at the time of induction of anesthesia lowers blood loss by a significant amount.
背景:骨科手术中输血与不同类型的并发症相关。本研究的目的是观察氨甲环酸是否有助于减少股骨近端骨折手术后围手术期的出血量。方法:在Shree Birendra医院，共有60例股骨近端骨折患者参与了这项为期一年的观察性研究。研究组(n=30)在麻醉诱导时静脉注射氨甲环酸1g，对照组(n=30)静脉注射生理盐水。使用股骨近端钉钉装置，所有患者均行闭合复位和内固定。测量术前、术后血液学参数及术中出血量。随访至第三天是否需要输血。使用Statistics Program for Social Sciences 20.0版本对数据进行分析。结果:术前血红蛋白和红细胞压积分别为10.5±1.43gm/dl和10.9±1.2gm/dl，对照组为31.5±4.19%和32.7±3.6%。与对照组比较，第1天为10.1±1.0gm对9.9±0.8gm (p=0.01)， 30.3±3%对29.7±2.4% (p=0.03)，第3天为10±0.69gm对9.68±0.51gm (p=0.049)， 30±2.07%对29.04±1.53% (p=0.049)。研究组总失血量为156.79±43.46ml，对照组为392.63±92.32ml (p=0.00)，研究组显性失血量和隐性失血量均低于对照组(p=0.00)。结论:在采用股骨近端钉钉系统行微创股骨近端骨折手术的患者中，诱导麻醉时单剂量静脉注射1g氨甲环酸可显著降低失血量。
{"title":"TRANEXAMIC ACID IN REDUCING BLOOD LOSS IN PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURE SURGERY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY","authors":"Gaurav Bhandari, Sushil Rana Magar, P. Chand, S. Acharya, K. Amgain, Anup Pokhrel, Suyash Acharya, S. Khadka","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.723","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood transfusion during orthopedic surgery is associated with different types of complications. The goal of this research was to observe if tranexamic acid could help in reducing perioperative blood loss after proximal femur fracture surgery.\u0000Methods: At Shree Birendra Hospital, a total of 60 patients with proximal femur fractures participated in this one-year observational study. The study group (n=30) received 1g intravenous tranexamic acid at induction of anesthesia, whereas the control group (n=30) received intravenous normal saline. Using a proximal femoral nailing device, all patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation. Preoperative and postoperative hematological parameters, as well as intraoperative blood loss were measured. Patients were followed up till the third day for the need of blood transfusion. Statistics Program for Social Sciences version 20.0 was used to analyze the data.\u0000Results: The study’s preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were 10.5±1.43gm/dl versus 10.9±1.2gm/dl and 31.5±4.19% versus 32.7±3.6%, respectively, compared to the control group. In the study versus control group, the values were 10.1±1.0gm versus 9.9±0.8gm (p=0.01) and 30.3±3% versus 29.7±2.4% (p=0.03) on day one and 10±0.69gm versus 9.68±0.51gm (p=0.049) and 30±2.07% versus 29.04±1.53% (p=0.049) on day three. Total blood loss in the study group was 156.79±43.46ml compared to 392.63±92.32ml in the control group (p=0.00), with both apparent and hidden blood loss being lower in the study group.\u0000Conclusions: In patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery of proximal femoral fractures using proximal femoral nailing system, intravenous administration of a single dose of 1g tranexamic acid at the time of induction of anesthesia lowers blood loss by a significant amount.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131377967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Biostatistics is necessary in every stage of research, beginning from planning to till publication. It helps to gain importance scientifically as well as reliable results, while inappropriate use of statistical method and analysis cause harm to science and humanity. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge regarding biostatistics among different undergraduate students at medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan Medical College among 117 final year students from different stream. Data was collected from 11th May, 2022 to 20st May, 2022. Standardized valid and reliable questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research. Data was analysed by using software Statistical Package for social Sciences version 25.0. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency, percentage, measure of average, measure of variation and cross tab. Chi-square test and fishers’ exact test was used to test the association between level of knowledge and selected variables. Results: This study included 117 undergraduate students of different health stream aged between 20 to 34 years with average students of Md (Q3-Q1)=23 (25-22) years being the most common age. Majority of the students were female 102 (87.2%). Only few 19 (16.2%) had good knowledge and remaining had fair knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research. There was strongly evidence of statistically significant difference between level of knowledge and age of the students (p=0.001). Conclusions: This study concluded that only few numbers of undergraduate students had good knowledge and majority had fair knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research.
背景:生物统计学在研究的每个阶段都是必要的，从计划到发表。它有助于获得科学的重要性和可靠的结果，而不恰当地使用统计方法和分析会对科学和人类造成危害。摘要本研究旨在了解不同医学院本科生对生物统计学知识的了解情况。方法:采用描述性横断面研究方法，对奇旺医学院117名不同院系的毕业班学生进行调查。数据采集时间为2022年5月11日至2022年5月20日。采用标准化的、有效的、可靠的问卷来评估生物统计学在研究中的应用知识。使用Statistical Package for social Sciences version 25.0软件对数据进行分析。使用描述性统计方法计算频率、百分比、平均测度、变异测度和交叉表。采用卡方检验和fisher精确检验检验知识水平与所选变量的相关性。结果:本研究共纳入117名不同健康专业的大学生，年龄在20 ~ 34岁之间，Md (Q3-Q1)=23(25-22)岁是最常见的年龄。女生占绝大多数(87.2%)。仅有少数19人(16.2%)对生物统计学在研究中的应用有较好的认识，其余19人对生物统计学在研究中的应用有一般的认识。学生的知识水平与年龄有显著的统计学差异(p=0.001)。结论:本研究得出的结论是，对生物统计学在研究中的应用有较好了解的本科生数量较少，大多数本科生对生物统计学在研究中的应用有较好的了解。
{"title":"ASSESSING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE REGARDING APPLICATION OF BIOSTATISTICS IN RESEARCH AT MEDICAL COLLEGE","authors":"J. Singh, Sadikshya Neupane, R. Mehta, G. Deo","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biostatistics is necessary in every stage of research, beginning from planning to till publication. It helps to gain importance scientifically as well as reliable results, while inappropriate use of statistical method and analysis cause harm to science and humanity. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge regarding biostatistics among different undergraduate students at medical college.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan Medical College among 117 final year students from different stream. Data was collected from 11th May, 2022 to 20st May, 2022. Standardized valid and reliable questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research. Data was analysed by using software Statistical Package for social Sciences version 25.0. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency, percentage, measure of average, measure of variation and cross tab. Chi-square test and fishers’ exact test was used to test the association between level of knowledge and selected variables.\u0000Results: This study included 117 undergraduate students of different health stream aged between 20 to 34 years with average students of Md (Q3-Q1)=23 (25-22) years being the most common age. Majority of the students were female 102 (87.2%). Only few 19 (16.2%) had good knowledge and remaining had fair knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research. There was strongly evidence of statistically significant difference between level of knowledge and age of the students (p=0.001).\u0000Conclusions: This study concluded that only few numbers of undergraduate students had good knowledge and majority had fair knowledge regarding application of biostatistics in research.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"17 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120981973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation take place. Menstrual hygiene and management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Good menstrual hygiene is crucial for health, education and dignity of adolescent girls. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among 150 adolescent girls aged 12-17 years studying in grades 9 and 10 of a government school, Chitwan. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of the respondents were 12-14 years old with the mean age of menarche at 12.5± 1.14 years, 52% of respondents had adequate knowledge and 61.3% of them had good practice on menstrual hygiene. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and mother’s education status (p<0.05). Correlation between knowledge and practice score was poorly positive (r-0.087) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Majority of respondents had adequate knowledge and adequate practice on menstrual hygiene. For the maintenance of good reproductive health girl child should be made more aware about menstrual health and hygiene through the campaign and education programs.
{"title":"AWARENESS OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT A GOVERNMENT SCHOOL, CHITWAN, NEPAL","authors":"Subina Bajracharya, Ambika Baniya","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.652","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation take place. Menstrual hygiene and management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Good menstrual hygiene is crucial for health, education and dignity of adolescent girls. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among 150 adolescent girls aged 12-17 years studying in grades 9 and 10 of a government school, Chitwan. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.\u0000Results: Majority of the respondents were 12-14 years old with the mean age of menarche at 12.5± 1.14 years, 52% of respondents had adequate knowledge and 61.3% of them had good practice on menstrual hygiene. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and mother’s education status (p<0.05). Correlation between knowledge and practice score was poorly positive (r-0.087) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05).\u0000Conclusions: Majority of respondents had adequate knowledge and adequate practice on menstrual hygiene. For the maintenance of good reproductive health girl child should be made more aware about menstrual health and hygiene through the campaign and education programs.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Sharma, N. Shrestha, N. Gurung, B. Tiwari, Sharad Koirala, S. Wagle
Background: Excessive screen time has been increasing among children and adolescents globally. The study aimed to find out the prevalence and associated factors of excessive screen time among young children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 5 to 9 years attending schools in Pokhara metropolitan. Face to face interview was conducted with one of the parents of 352 children. The study was carried out from March to October, 2020. Excessive screen time (ST) was defined as >2 hours screen viewing a day. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were applied at 5% level of significance. Results: Of total, 47.4% of children had ST>2 hours a day. Among socio-demographic factors, being a boy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.65; 95% CI,1.05-2.57)), living in nuclear family (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.99) and age of the children (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI,1.03-1.58) were significantly associated with excessive ST. Having television at home, parental ST, offering screen devices to children had increased likelihood of reporting excessive ST. Odds of reporting of excessive ST was 8.97 times higher among those who had one television at home as compared to those who do not have. Excessive ST was more than three times among those children whose parents offered screen devices to make them eat as well as to have free time for the parents themselves. Conclusions: Few socio-demographic characteristics, parental ST and parental offering of screen devices were significantly associated with excessive ST. Interventions should target screen device accessibility and ST related behavior of parents.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE SCREEN TIME AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN OF 5 TO 9 YEARS IN POKHARA METROPOLITAN OF KASKI DISTRICT","authors":"B. Sharma, N. Shrestha, N. Gurung, B. Tiwari, Sharad Koirala, S. Wagle","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Excessive screen time has been increasing among children and adolescents globally. The study aimed to find out the prevalence and associated factors of excessive screen time among young children.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 5 to 9 years attending schools in Pokhara metropolitan. Face to face interview was conducted with one of the parents of 352 children. The study was carried out from March to October, 2020. Excessive screen time (ST) was defined as >2 hours screen viewing a day. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were applied at 5% level of significance.\u0000Results: Of total, 47.4% of children had ST>2 hours a day. Among socio-demographic factors, being a boy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.65; 95% CI,1.05-2.57)), living in nuclear family (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.99) and age of the children (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI,1.03-1.58) were significantly associated with excessive ST. Having television at home, parental ST, offering screen devices to children had increased likelihood of reporting excessive ST. Odds of reporting of excessive ST was 8.97 times higher among those who had one television at home as compared to those who do not have. Excessive ST was more than three times among those children whose parents offered screen devices to make them eat as well as to have free time for the parents themselves.\u0000Conclusions: Few socio-demographic characteristics, parental ST and parental offering of screen devices were significantly associated with excessive ST. Interventions should target screen device accessibility and ST related behavior of parents.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121433335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paudel, M. Chhetri, Ambika Baniya, M. Chhetri, R. Thapa
Mixed Methods Research Design (MMRD) has been used as a more potent approach in the research field of social and behavioral science. The purpose of this article is to explore and provide information on mixed methods study design. Secondly, the article discusses different categories and perspectives of health-seeking behavior from multiple angles of real social life. Thirdly, it focuses on the relevance and applicability of mixed-method design in understanding subjective and objective aspects of health-seeking behavior acting at the person, family, and community level, such as bio-social profiles and previous experiences with health care. The article has also briefly summarized the philosophy of mixed methods research design and different perspectives on health-seeking behavior. Mixed methods research, is one of the three major research paradigms (quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed methods research) that is most appropriate to comprehending complicated subjective and objective facts associated to health-seeking behavior. This article will contribute to understanding the strength of mixed-method research design and its use with more holistic thinking on the issues pertaining to health-seeking behavior and human behavior.
{"title":"USEFULNESS OF MIXED METHOD RESEARCH DESIGN TO UNDERSTAND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR","authors":"A. Paudel, M. Chhetri, Ambika Baniya, M. Chhetri, R. Thapa","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1119","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed Methods Research Design (MMRD) has been used as a more potent approach in the research field of social and behavioral science. The purpose of this article is to explore and provide information on mixed methods study design. Secondly, the article discusses different categories and perspectives of health-seeking behavior from multiple angles of real social life. Thirdly, it focuses on the relevance and applicability of mixed-method design in understanding subjective and objective aspects of health-seeking behavior acting at the person, family, and community level, such as bio-social profiles and previous experiences with health care. The article has also briefly summarized the philosophy of mixed methods research design and different perspectives on health-seeking behavior. Mixed methods research, is one of the three major research paradigms (quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed methods research) that is most appropriate to comprehending complicated subjective and objective facts associated to health-seeking behavior. This article will contribute to understanding the strength of mixed-method research design and its use with more holistic thinking on the issues pertaining to health-seeking behavior and human behavior.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130807571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabina Wagle, A. Joshi, Taniya Thapa, Dipa Sigdel, Sarita Nepal
Background: Sexual harassment in public transportation has been recognized as a worldwide serious problem, particularly among women. However, the exact figure of the sexual harassment in transit places is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of sexual harassment in public transportation among the female students of a public college at Bharatpur. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 196 female students who studied in the 12th standard of various academic streams of Saptagandaki Multiple Campus of Bharatpur. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used for selection of the desired sample. Structured questionnaire was used and data was collected from 2076/ 03/15 B.S to 2076/03/27 B.S through web - based survey. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 for window using descriptive statistics. Results: Majority, i.e. 82.1% of the respondents experienced sexual harassment in public transportation of which 85.1% experienced verbal harassment followed by physical harassment (80.1%) and non- verbal harassment (70.8%). Male passengers were the main perpetrators involved in physical (82.8%), verbal (75.2%) and non- verbal harassment (81.6%). Furthermore, the study revealed that the highest (96.3%) of the participants did not file the complaint because of fear. Conclusions: Sexual harassment in public transportation was found to be significantly higher in female students. Therefore, government and concerned authorities need to adopt zero tolerance rules, regulation ad policies towards any form of sexual harassment in public spaces.
背景:公共交通工具中的性骚扰已被认为是一个世界性的严重问题，特别是在妇女中。然而，交通场所性骚扰的确切数字仍然不得而知。因此，本研究旨在了解巴拉特普尔一所公立大学的女学生在公共交通工具上的性骚扰发生率。方法:采用描述性横断面研究方法，对196名就读于Bharatpur大学Saptagandaki多校区各学科12级标准的女学生进行调查。采用分层比例随机抽样技术选择所需样本。本研究采用结构化问卷，并于2015年3月2076年至27年3月2076年通过网络调查收集数据。数据分析采用SPSS version 20 for window，采用描述性统计。结果:82.1%的受访者在公共交通中遭受过性骚扰，其中言语骚扰占85.1%，其次是肢体骚扰(80.1%)和非言语骚扰(70.8%)。男性乘客以肢体骚扰(82.8%)、言语骚扰(75.2%)和非言语骚扰(81.6%)为主。此外，研究还显示，96.3%的参与者因为害怕而没有提出投诉。结论:女生在公共交通工具中的性骚扰发生率显著高于女生。因此，政府和有关部门需要对公共场所的任何形式的性骚扰采取零容忍的规则、法规和政策。
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF A PUBLIC COLLEGE AT BHARATPUR, NEPAL","authors":"Rabina Wagle, A. Joshi, Taniya Thapa, Dipa Sigdel, Sarita Nepal","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.534","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexual harassment in public transportation has been recognized as a worldwide serious problem, particularly among women. However, the exact figure of the sexual harassment in transit places is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of sexual harassment in public transportation among the female students of a public college at Bharatpur.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 196 female students who studied in the 12th standard of various academic streams of Saptagandaki Multiple Campus of Bharatpur. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used for selection of the desired sample. Structured questionnaire was used and data was collected from 2076/ 03/15 B.S to 2076/03/27 B.S through web - based survey. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 for window using descriptive statistics.\u0000Results: Majority, i.e. 82.1% of the respondents experienced sexual harassment in public transportation of which 85.1% experienced verbal harassment followed by physical harassment (80.1%) and non- verbal harassment (70.8%). Male passengers were the main perpetrators involved in physical (82.8%), verbal (75.2%) and non- verbal harassment (81.6%). Furthermore, the study revealed that the highest (96.3%) of the participants did not file the complaint because of fear.\u0000Conclusions: Sexual harassment in public transportation was found to be significantly higher in female students. Therefore, government and concerned authorities need to adopt zero tolerance rules, regulation ad policies towards any form of sexual harassment in public spaces.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134060054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nurses frequently experience compassion fatigue and burnout, which have an impact on both their personal lives and patient care. The aim of this study was to assess compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among nurses working in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses working in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study sample. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire with Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire (ProQOL) from 15th July 2021AD to 15th September 2021AD. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 15 for window using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of the nurses reported moderate level of compassion fatigue 177 (77.0%), burnout 176 (76.5%) and compassion satisfaction 164 (71.3%) whereas only 65 (28.3%), 8 (3.5%) and 2 (0.9%) nurses had high level of compassion satisfaction, fatigue and burnout respectively. Level of compassion fatigue and burnout were significantly associated with professional protection training. There was significant relationship found among components of ProQOL where compassion satisfaction was negatively correlated with fatigue (r= -.149: p-0.024) and burnout (r=-.487: p-0.000) but compassion fatigue and burnout were positively correlated with each other (r=0.522, p=<0.001). Conclusions: Majority of nurses working in tertiary care hospital have moderate level of compassion satisfaction, fatigue and burnout during COVID-19 crisis. Hence, effective measures need to be implemented by hospital administration to enhance the nurses’ satisfaction and to reduce fatigue and burnout during pandemic period.
背景:护士经常经历同情疲劳和倦怠，这对他们的个人生活和病人护理都有影响。本研究的目的是评估尼泊尔一家三级护理医院护士在COVID-19大流行期间的同情疲劳、倦怠和同情满意度。方法:对奇旺医学院附属医院230名护士进行横断面调查。采用简单随机抽样方法选取研究样本。数据收集采用自填问卷和专业生活质量问卷(ProQOL)，时间为2021AD年7月15日至2021AD年9月15日。数据在SPSS version 15 for window中使用描述性统计和推断性统计进行分析。结果:大多数护士有中度同情疲劳177例(77.0%)，倦怠176例(76.5%)，同情满意度164例(71.3%)，而高同情满意度65例(28.3%)，高同情疲劳8例(3.5%)，高同情倦怠2例(0.9%)。同情疲劳和倦怠水平与专业保护培训显著相关。同情心满意度与疲劳负相关的ProQOL各成分间存在显著相关(r= -)。149: p = 0.024)和倦怠(r=-。487: p-0.000)，但同情疲劳与倦怠正相关(r=0.522, p=<0.001)。结论:三级医院护士在COVID-19危机期间的同情满意度、疲劳程度和倦怠程度均为中等。因此，医院管理部门需要采取有效措施，提高护士的满意度，减少大流行期间的疲劳和倦怠。
{"title":"COMPASSION FATIGUE, BURNOUT AND COMPASSION SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES WORKING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NEPAL DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"S. Poudyal, Kalpana Sharma, Srijana Ghimire","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nurses frequently experience compassion fatigue and burnout, which have an impact on both their personal lives and patient care. The aim of this study was to assess compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among nurses working in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses working in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study sample. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire with Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire (ProQOL) from 15th July 2021AD to 15th September 2021AD. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 15 for window using descriptive and inferential statistics.\u0000Results: Majority of the nurses reported moderate level of compassion fatigue 177 (77.0%), burnout 176 (76.5%) and compassion satisfaction 164 (71.3%) whereas only 65 (28.3%), 8 (3.5%) and 2 (0.9%) nurses had high level of compassion satisfaction, fatigue and burnout respectively. Level of compassion fatigue and burnout were significantly associated with professional protection training. There was significant relationship found among components of ProQOL where compassion satisfaction was negatively correlated with fatigue (r= -.149: p-0.024) and burnout (r=-.487: p-0.000) but compassion fatigue and burnout were positively correlated with each other (r=0.522, p=<0.001).\u0000Conclusions: Majority of nurses working in tertiary care hospital have moderate level of compassion satisfaction, fatigue and burnout during COVID-19 crisis. Hence, effective measures need to be implemented by hospital administration to enhance the nurses’ satisfaction and to reduce fatigue and burnout during pandemic period.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114409312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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