T. Thapa, Muna Kadel, S. Kc, Poonam Singh, S. Thakur, S. Adhikari, Shalikram Adhikary
Background: Dried human bones are essential to conduct osteology teaching learning sessions for health professional education, but its scarcity has been felt severely due to lack of simple and easy bone extraction method. Although several methods are practiced; they have their own fallacies. Hence, this study was conducted to explore simple and short method. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) from April 2021 to October 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee, NAIHS (Reg. No- 424). Formalin fixed cadavers were used to obtain the bones by burial, maceration and chemical methods. In burial method, 600 bones were buried in the ground at 2 feet depth for six months just before monsoon. In maceration method, 200 bones were dipped in a bucket containing cow dung and water and left in the sun for 15 days. In chemical method, 50 bones were treated with washing soda for 19 hours. Remaining soft tissue was scraped, cleaned and bones were dried for 2 to 3 days. Results: Bones obtained by burial method were of good quality without any cracks but few soft tissue and mud was present which had to be cleaned manually. Bones obtained by maceration method was initially black in color. On chemical method, clean bones were obtained with few cracks. Conclusions: Among the above mentioned three methods, maceration method was less time consuming. Chemical method was faster but concentration of chemical should be proper to prevent cracks.
{"title":"STUDY OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF OBTAINING DRY BONES FROM FORMALIN FIXED DISSECTED HUMAN CADAVERS","authors":"T. Thapa, Muna Kadel, S. Kc, Poonam Singh, S. Thakur, S. Adhikari, Shalikram Adhikary","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dried human bones are essential to conduct osteology teaching learning sessions for health professional education, but its scarcity has been felt severely due to lack of simple and easy bone extraction method. Although several methods are practiced; they have their own fallacies. Hence, this study was conducted to explore simple and short method.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) from April 2021 to October 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee, NAIHS (Reg. No- 424). Formalin fixed cadavers were used to obtain the bones by burial, maceration and chemical methods. In burial method, 600 bones were buried in the ground at 2 feet depth for six months just before monsoon. In maceration method, 200 bones were dipped in a bucket containing cow dung and water and left in the sun for 15 days. In chemical method, 50 bones were treated with washing soda for 19 hours. Remaining soft tissue was scraped, cleaned and bones were dried for 2 to 3 days.\u0000Results: Bones obtained by burial method were of good quality without any cracks but few soft tissue and mud was present which had to be cleaned manually. Bones obtained by maceration method was initially black in color. On chemical method, clean bones were obtained with few cracks.\u0000Conclusions: Among the above mentioned three methods, maceration method was less time consuming. Chemical method was faster but concentration of chemical should be proper to prevent cracks.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity during tooth preparation is a problem in dentistry. This study aimed to compare dentinal hypersensitivity before and after tooth preparation between gender and different age groups. Methods: This observational study was carried out in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu from May to December 2021. A total of 80 patients visiting dental OPD for fixed partial denture participated in this study through convenience sampling. Each abutment tooth received tactile and thermal stimuli and the measurement of sensitivity was carried out using 10cm visual analog scale before and after tooth preparation. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests with SPSS version 16. Results: The mean of dentinal hypersensitivity scores were higher among females in comparison to male (1.03±0.59 before tooth preparation; 7.14±1.61 after tooth preparation). The differences in the sensitivity between gender was statistically significant (z: -3.00, p: 0.003 before tooth preparation and z: -3.76, p:0.000 after tooth preparation). The sensitivity was higher in participants below 40 years (0.86±0.51 before tooth preparation; 6.84±1.39 after tooth preparation). However, the differences in sensitivity between participants below and above 40 years were statistically insignificant. The sensitivity score when compared before and after tooth preparation in the participants was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The dentinal hypersensitivity is more in women both before and after tooth preparation which if well explored helps to form basis for modification of tooth preparation procedure in target patient.
{"title":"DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING TOOTH PREPARATION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DENTAL OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Munna Alam, Sonam Chaudhary, G. Adhikari","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.730","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity during tooth preparation is a problem in dentistry. This study aimed to compare dentinal hypersensitivity before and after tooth preparation between gender and different age groups.\u0000Methods: This observational study was carried out in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu from May to December 2021. A total of 80 patients visiting dental OPD for fixed partial denture participated in this study through convenience sampling. Each abutment tooth received tactile and thermal stimuli and the measurement of sensitivity was carried out using 10cm visual analog scale before and after tooth preparation. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests with SPSS version 16.\u0000Results: The mean of dentinal hypersensitivity scores were higher among females in comparison to male (1.03±0.59 before tooth preparation; 7.14±1.61 after tooth preparation). The differences in the sensitivity between gender was statistically significant (z: -3.00, p: 0.003 before tooth preparation and z: -3.76, p:0.000 after tooth preparation). The sensitivity was higher in participants below 40 years (0.86±0.51 before tooth preparation; 6.84±1.39 after tooth preparation). However, the differences in sensitivity between participants below and above 40 years were statistically insignificant. The sensitivity score when compared before and after tooth preparation in the participants was statistically highly significant (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusions: The dentinal hypersensitivity is more in women both before and after tooth preparation which if well explored helps to form basis for modification of tooth preparation procedure in target patient.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumita Pandey, H. Upadhyay, R. Bhurtel, Puspa Giri, Prativa Sedain
Background: Corneal blindness, the second major cause of blindness in Nepal, can only be treated by corneal transplants which required an eye donor. The rate of eye donation can be increased by increasing knowledge and awareness programs among all peoples. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude among Bachelor students of Nursing. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 Bachelor of Nursing Students in Bharatpur using probability sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered and analysis using SPSS-16. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the 153 students more than two thirds of the students 121(79.1%) were in the age group of 21-25 years and most of the students were from B.Sc Nursing 97(63.4%). More than half 91(59.5%) had good knowledge and more than half of the students 78(51%) have a good attitude regarding eye donation. Knowledge regarding eye donation and level of education found to be statistically significant(p=0.01). Conclusions: This study concluded that more than half of the students had good knowledge and around half of students had a good attitude regarding eye donation. Hence, educating this framework to sensitize them toward the need for eye donation would be an imperative step toward reducing the global burden of corneal blindness.
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS EYE DONATION AMONG BACHELOR OF NURSING STUDENTS","authors":"Sumita Pandey, H. Upadhyay, R. Bhurtel, Puspa Giri, Prativa Sedain","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Corneal blindness, the second major cause of blindness in Nepal, can only be treated by corneal transplants which required an eye donor. The rate of eye donation can be increased by increasing knowledge and awareness programs among all peoples. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude among Bachelor students of Nursing.\u0000Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 Bachelor of Nursing Students in Bharatpur using probability sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered and analysis using SPSS-16. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.\u0000Results: Among the 153 students more than two thirds of the students 121(79.1%) were in the age group of 21-25 years and most of the students were from B.Sc Nursing 97(63.4%). More than half 91(59.5%) had good knowledge and more than half of the students 78(51%) have a good attitude regarding eye donation. Knowledge regarding eye donation and level of education found to be statistically significant(p=0.01).\u0000Conclusions: This study concluded that more than half of the students had good knowledge and around half of students had a good attitude regarding eye donation. Hence, educating this framework to sensitize them toward the need for eye donation would be an imperative step toward reducing the global burden of corneal blindness.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129159635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pradhan, S. Regmi, G. Gautam, S. Chaudhary, Kripa Ghimire
Background: Enterococcus an important uropathogen has appeared to be of great therapeutic challenge globally due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. High level aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus has narrowed the treatment options. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect the current antibiogram trend of Enterococcus species isolated from urine samples. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urine sample of patients attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital from September 2021 to May 2022. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Enterococcus species was isolated and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Simple random sampling was done and data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results: A total of 61 (10.62 %) Enterococcus species were isolated from 574 culture positive urine samples. Enterococcus isolates were highly susceptible to linezolid 60 (98.4%), vancomycin 56 (91.8%) and nitrofurantoin 50 (82.0%) whereas less susceptible to ampicillin 16 (26.2%). Multidrug resistant Enterococcus was identified commonly from 25 (73.5%) in-patients. Nitrofurantoin was sensitive among 4 (80.0%) vancomycin resistant isolates. Only 4 (16.0%) Enterococcal isolates were sensitive to both ampicillin and high-level gentamicin. Conclusions: Emergence of multidrug resistant Enterococcus in our institution is worrisome. Nitrofurantoin remains a useful drug and shows high efficacy in vitro against emerging vancomycin resistant isolates. Combination of ampicillin and high-level gentamicin is used to treat complicated urinary tract infection; however, it seems less effective in our scenario.
背景:肠球菌是一种重要的泌尿系统病原体，由于其对多种抗生素的内在和获得性耐药，在全球范围内出现了巨大的治疗挑战。高水平的氨基糖苷和万古霉素耐药肠球菌缩小了治疗选择。因此，本研究的目的是检测当前从尿液样本中分离的肠球菌的抗生素谱趋势。方法:对2021年9月至2022年5月在甘达基医学院教学医院就诊的患者尿液样本进行描述性横断面研究。获得了机构审查委员会的伦理许可。分离肠球菌，采用Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散法进行药敏试验。采用简单随机抽样，数据采用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20分析。结果:从574份培养阳性尿样中分离出61种肠球菌(10.62%)。分离的肠球菌对利奈唑胺60(98.4%)、万古霉素56(91.8%)和呋喃妥因50(82.0%)高度敏感，对氨苄西林16(26.2%)不敏感。多药耐药肠球菌常见于25例(73.5%)住院患者。万古霉素耐药菌株4株(80.0%)对呋喃妥英敏感。只有4株(16.0%)肠球菌对氨苄西林和高剂量庆大霉素均敏感。结论:我院多药耐药肠球菌的出现令人担忧。呋喃妥因仍然是一种有用的药物，并在体外对新出现的万古霉素耐药菌株显示出很高的疗效。氨苄西林联合高剂量庆大霉素治疗复杂性尿路感染;然而，在我们的场景中，它似乎没有那么有效。
{"title":"CURRENT TREND OF ANTIBIOGRAM OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLES OF PATIENTS ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE CENTER, POKHARA","authors":"S. Pradhan, S. Regmi, G. Gautam, S. Chaudhary, Kripa Ghimire","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enterococcus an important uropathogen has appeared to be of great therapeutic challenge globally due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. High level aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus has narrowed the treatment options. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect the current antibiogram trend of Enterococcus species isolated from urine samples.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urine sample of patients attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital from September 2021 to May 2022. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Enterococcus species was isolated and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Simple random sampling was done and data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.\u0000Results: A total of 61 (10.62 %) Enterococcus species were isolated from 574 culture positive urine samples. Enterococcus isolates were highly susceptible to linezolid 60 (98.4%), vancomycin 56 (91.8%) and nitrofurantoin 50 (82.0%) whereas less susceptible to ampicillin 16 (26.2%). Multidrug resistant Enterococcus was identified commonly from 25 (73.5%) in-patients. Nitrofurantoin was sensitive among 4 (80.0%) vancomycin resistant isolates. Only 4 (16.0%) Enterococcal isolates were sensitive to both ampicillin and high-level gentamicin.\u0000Conclusions: Emergence of multidrug resistant Enterococcus in our institution is worrisome. Nitrofurantoin remains a useful drug and shows high efficacy in vitro against emerging vancomycin resistant isolates. Combination of ampicillin and high-level gentamicin is used to treat complicated urinary tract infection; however, it seems less effective in our scenario.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131009974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachana Pandey, P. Risal, R. Bhatta, R. Yadav, S. Yadav
Background: Thyroid hormone influences almost all metabolisms in the body and maintains body homeostasis. Since electrolytes homeostasis is also maintained by the thyroid hormone, we conducted this study to access the level of serum electrolytes in the presence of thyroid dysfunction. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 120 patients with any form of thyroid dysfunction and 120 euthyroids conducted in the department of biochemistry and medicine at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre, Nepal for six months (May-October 2021). Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review committee- KUSMS. Venous blood was collected and serum free T3, free T4, TSH, sodium and potassium were measured. Data were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) version 16.0. Independent t-test, Man Whitney U test, one way ANOVA with ad hoc Dunnet t test and Spearman correlation were performed. Results: The mean level of sodium in subclinical hypothyroid, overt hypothyroid, euthyroid, subclinical hyperthyroid and overt hyperthyroid were 140.72±2.38, 141.24 ±4.60, 141.04±2.35, 141.89±3.38 and145.44±2.74, respectively. There was negative statistically significant correlation of the level of Na with TSH (rs=-0.144, p<0.05) and positive with fT3(rs=0.241, p<0.01). Conclusions: The level of serum sodium increased with the increase in the level of TSH and decreased with the increase in the level of fT3 in our population.
背景:甲状腺激素影响体内几乎所有代谢并维持体内稳态。由于电解质稳态也由甲状腺激素维持，我们进行了这项研究，以获得存在甲状腺功能障碍的血清电解质水平。方法:这是一项横断面研究，包括120名患有任何形式甲状腺功能障碍的患者和120名甲状腺功能正常的患者，在尼泊尔Kavre的Dhulikhel医院生物化学和医学系进行了为期6个月(2021年5月至10月)。伦理许可由机构审查委员会- KUSMS获得。采集静脉血，测定血清游离T3、游离T4、TSH、钠、钾含量。数据在Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc.， Chicago, USA) 16.0版中进行分析。进行独立t检验、Man Whitney U检验、单因素方差分析及特设Dunnet t检验和Spearman相关分析。结果:亚临床甲状腺功能减退、显性甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺功能正常、亚临床甲状腺功能亢进和显性甲状腺功能亢进患者的平均钠水平分别为140.72±2.38、141.24±4.60、141.04±2.35、141.89±3.38和145.44±2.74。Na水平与TSH呈负相关(rs=-0.144, p<0.05)，与fT3呈正相关(rs=0.241, p<0.01)。结论:血清钠水平随TSH水平升高而升高，随fT3水平升高而降低。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN PATIENTS HAVING THYROID DYSFUNCTIONS WITH THE EUTHYROIDS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NEPAL","authors":"Rachana Pandey, P. Risal, R. Bhatta, R. Yadav, S. Yadav","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.642","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid hormone influences almost all metabolisms in the body and maintains body homeostasis. Since electrolytes homeostasis is also maintained by the thyroid hormone, we conducted this study to access the level of serum electrolytes in the presence of thyroid dysfunction.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 120 patients with any form of thyroid dysfunction and 120 euthyroids conducted in the department of biochemistry and medicine at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre, Nepal for six months (May-October 2021). Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review committee- KUSMS. Venous blood was collected and serum free T3, free T4, TSH, sodium and potassium were measured. Data were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) version 16.0. Independent t-test, Man Whitney U test, one way ANOVA with ad hoc Dunnet t test and Spearman correlation were performed.\u0000Results: The mean level of sodium in subclinical hypothyroid, overt hypothyroid, euthyroid, subclinical hyperthyroid and overt hyperthyroid were 140.72±2.38, 141.24 ±4.60, 141.04±2.35, 141.89±3.38 and145.44±2.74, respectively. There was negative statistically significant correlation of the level of Na with TSH (rs=-0.144, p<0.05) and positive with fT3(rs=0.241, p<0.01).\u0000Conclusions: The level of serum sodium increased with the increase in the level of TSH and decreased with the increase in the level of fT3 in our population.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126623940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With the evolution of risk factors along with development of newer diagnostic tools, the clinical and pathological characteristics of lung cancers show a changing trend over time. The diagnosis of lung cancers presenting as peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) remains a challenge. This study aims to look at the current trend of PPLs who underwent diagnostic workup in a tertiary care center located in India. Methods: This retrospective analysis using a prospectively maintained hospital database was performed in patients who underwent diagnostic evaluation of PPLs and were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) guided biopsy was the initial diagnostic modality used. The data was processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel Sheet version 2013 and SPSS version 20. Results: Sixty patients underwent evaluation for PPLs during the study period. Lung cancer was the final diagnosis in 27 patients. Mean age was 60±12 years and 21 (77.8%) were females. Majority of patients were either current (n=13, 48%) or reformed (n=8, 29.6%) smokers. Adenocarcinoma (n=17, 62.9%) was the most common pathological diagnosis. The most common location of the lesions was upper lobes (n=19, 70.4%) followed by right lower lobe (n=5, 18.5%). Two patients developed pneumothorax and respiratory failure requiring intubation, one with terminal stage adenocarcinoma died during hospitalization. Conclusions: The presence of adenocarcinoma, female sex, smoking status and upper lobe predominance reflects the current trend of peripheral lung cancers. RP-EBUS is a newer modality and may be a useful initial diagnostic tool for PPLs and with a good safety profile.
背景:随着危险因素的演变和新诊断工具的发展，肺癌的临床和病理特征呈现出随时间变化的趋势。诊断肺癌表现为外周肺病变(PPL)仍然是一个挑战。本研究旨在了解在印度三级保健中心接受诊断检查的ppl的当前趋势。方法:采用前瞻性维护的医院数据库，对接受ppl诊断评估并随后被诊断为肺癌的患者进行回顾性分析。桡骨探头支气管内超声(RP-EBUS)引导活检是最初的诊断方法。使用Microsoft Excel Sheet version 2013和SPSS version 20对数据进行处理和分析。结果:60例患者在研究期间接受了ppl评估。27例患者最终诊断为肺癌。平均年龄60±12岁，女性21例(77.8%)。大多数患者是当前吸烟者(n=13, 48%)或戒烟者(n=8, 29.6%)。腺癌(n=17, 62.9%)是最常见的病理诊断。最常见的病变部位是上肺叶(n=19, 70.4%)，其次是右下肺叶(n=5, 18.5%)。2例患者出现气胸和呼吸衰竭需要插管，1例晚期腺癌患者在住院期间死亡。结论:腺癌的存在、女性、吸烟状况和上肺叶的优势反映了当前周围性肺癌的趋势。RP-EBUS是一种较新的模式，可能是ppl的有用的初始诊断工具，具有良好的安全性。
{"title":"CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BRONCHOSCOPICALLY INVISIBLE MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL PULMONARY LESIONS DIAGNOSED IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER","authors":"R. Pangeni, K. Madan","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the evolution of risk factors along with development of newer diagnostic tools, the clinical and pathological characteristics of lung cancers show a changing trend over time. The diagnosis of lung cancers presenting as peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) remains a challenge. This study aims to look at the current trend of PPLs who underwent diagnostic workup in a tertiary care center located in India.\u0000Methods: This retrospective analysis using a prospectively maintained hospital database was performed in patients who underwent diagnostic evaluation of PPLs and were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) guided biopsy was the initial diagnostic modality used. The data was processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel Sheet version 2013 and SPSS version 20.\u0000Results: Sixty patients underwent evaluation for PPLs during the study period. Lung cancer was the final diagnosis in 27 patients. Mean age was 60±12 years and 21 (77.8%) were females. Majority of patients were either current (n=13, 48%) or reformed (n=8, 29.6%) smokers. Adenocarcinoma (n=17, 62.9%) was the most common pathological diagnosis. The most common location of the lesions was upper lobes (n=19, 70.4%) followed by right lower lobe (n=5, 18.5%). Two patients developed pneumothorax and respiratory failure requiring intubation, one with terminal stage adenocarcinoma died during hospitalization.\u0000Conclusions: The presence of adenocarcinoma, female sex, smoking status and upper lobe predominance reflects the current trend of peripheral lung cancers. RP-EBUS is a newer modality and may be a useful initial diagnostic tool for PPLs and with a good safety profile.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130961953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DENGUE IN NEPAL: A CONSTANT MENACE TO PUBLIC HEALTH","authors":"K. Adhikari","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1181","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115143531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants had diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. More than three-quarters (79.3%) of the participants had triglyceride level of more than 150 mg/dl. Two-third (66.7%) of the participants had BMI of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Age and blood pressure were significantly associated with triglyceride level and body mass index. Triglyceride level also was statistically significant with body mass index of the participants (p <0.001). Conclusions: The value of triglyceride and body mass index were higher among majority of the participants. Age, blood pressure and triglyceride level statistically significant with body mass index. Further research is needed to find out the association between triglyceride level and body mass index.
{"title":"BODY MASS INDEX AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH TRIGLYCERIDES AMONG THE PEOPLE ATTENDING CIVIL SERVICE HOSPITAL","authors":"D. Lamsal, R. Pant, R. K. Sangroula","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital.\u0000Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables.\u0000Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants had diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. More than three-quarters (79.3%) of the participants had triglyceride level of more than 150 mg/dl. Two-third (66.7%) of the participants had BMI of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Age and blood pressure were significantly associated with triglyceride level and body mass index. Triglyceride level also was statistically significant with body mass index of the participants (p <0.001).\u0000Conclusions: The value of triglyceride and body mass index were higher among majority of the participants. Age, blood pressure and triglyceride level statistically significant with body mass index. Further research is needed to find out the association between triglyceride level and body mass index.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anshu Bhattarai, P. Karmacharya, Indu Tiwari, Surjit Singh
Background: Peak expiratory flow rate is an indicator of respiratory capacity and bronchial responsiveness which can be useful in diagnosing respiratory diseases. However, a circadian rhythm has been observed in its values. The aim of this study was to determine the diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow rate in healthy young adults. Methods: A total of 160 subjects of age 18-24 years were studied in this cross-sectional study done on students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences between March to September 2021. Subjects were asked to record their peak expiratory flow rates five times a day using Mini-Wright peak flow meter after adequate training. Diurnal variability was expressed as amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 25 by Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: Lowest mean peak expiratory flow rate (L/min) was observed in morning in both males (564.21 ± 57.10) and females (320.68 ± 17.05) with progressive rise throughout the day thus reaching highest value in evening (males: 583.16 ± 64.45; females: 349.13 ± 36.32). Statistically significant (<0.005) difference in mean peak expiratory flow rate at different time intervals was found in the overall population. Diurnal variation calculated as amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean was found to be significantly higher in females than males (<0.005). Conclusions: Significant diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow rate was seen in healthy young adults.
背景:呼气峰流速是反映呼吸能力和支气管反应性的指标，可用于诊断呼吸系统疾病。然而，在其值中已观察到昼夜节律。本研究的目的是确定健康年轻人呼气流量峰值的日变化。方法:在2021年3月至9月对马尼帕尔医学院的学生进行横断面研究，研究对象为年龄18-24岁的160名受试者。在充分的训练后，受试者被要求使用Mini-Wright峰值流量计记录他们的呼气峰值流速，每天5次。日变异性用幅度百分比平均值和标准差百分比平均值表示。数据分析采用SPSS version 25，采用Kruskal Wallis检验和Mann Whitney U检验。结果:平均呼气流量峰值(L/min)男性在早晨最低(564.21±57.10)，女性在早晨最低(320.68±17.05)，全天逐渐升高，傍晚达到最高值(男性:583.16±64.45;女性:349.13±36.32)。在总体人群中，不同时间间隔的平均呼气峰流速差异有统计学意义(<0.005)。以振幅百分比平均值和标准差百分比平均值计算的日变化发现，女性显著高于男性(<0.005)。结论:在健康的年轻人中，呼气流量峰值的日变化是显著的。
{"title":"DIURNAL VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS","authors":"Anshu Bhattarai, P. Karmacharya, Indu Tiwari, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.710","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peak expiratory flow rate is an indicator of respiratory capacity and bronchial responsiveness which can be useful in diagnosing respiratory diseases. However, a circadian rhythm has been observed in its values. The aim of this study was to determine the diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow rate in healthy young adults.\u0000Methods: A total of 160 subjects of age 18-24 years were studied in this cross-sectional study done on students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences between March to September 2021. Subjects were asked to record their peak expiratory flow rates five times a day using Mini-Wright peak flow meter after adequate training. Diurnal variability was expressed as amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 25 by Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test.\u0000Results: Lowest mean peak expiratory flow rate (L/min) was observed in morning in both males (564.21 ± 57.10) and females (320.68 ± 17.05) with progressive rise throughout the day thus reaching highest value in evening (males: 583.16 ± 64.45; females: 349.13 ± 36.32). Statistically significant (<0.005) difference in mean peak expiratory flow rate at different time intervals was found in the overall population. Diurnal variation calculated as amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean was found to be significantly higher in females than males (<0.005).\u0000Conclusions: Significant diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow rate was seen in healthy young adults.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117071186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shakya, G. A. Khan, S. K. Yadav, S. Khatiwada, Ajeevan Gautam
Background: Cadaver dissection is a crucial component of anatomy learning since it imparts knowledge that medical students will need for the entirety of their future studies. This study was aimed to access the attitude towards cadaveric dissection among first-year medical students and its association with the socio-demographic variables. Methods: A college based cross-sectional study was carried out among 115 first year medical students (MBBS and BDS) studying in Chitwan Medical College. Self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data from the students when they were in Department of Anatomy, for the practicum. Collected data was entered and analyzed in the SPSS version 20 for window. Pearson’s Chi-square test was applied to measure the association between the level of attitude and selected variables. Results: Among 115 medical students 48.70% had a positive attitude towards cadaveric dissection while 51.30% were not in favour. The level of attitude was significantly associated with types of stream (ᵪ2 = 4.17, P = 0.04). . Conclusions: Majority of the students opined cadaveric dissection was the most effective way for learning and understanding human anatomy. However, more than half of students (51.30%) had negative attitude towards cadaveric dissection. Pre-education session and interaction with anatomy faculties can help in improving the attitude of the students towards cadaveric dissection.
背景:尸体解剖是解剖学学习的一个重要组成部分，因为它传授了医学生未来全部学习所需的知识。本研究旨在了解医学生对尸体解剖的态度及其与社会人口学变量的关系。方法:对115名奇旺医学院一年级医学生(MBBS和BDS)进行以学院为单位的横断面调查。本研究采用自我问卷调查的方法，对解剖学系实习学生进行问卷调查。收集的数据在SPSS version 20 for window中输入和分析。采用皮尔逊卡方检验来衡量态度水平与所选变量之间的相关性。结果:115名医学生对尸体解剖持肯定态度的占48.70%，持反对态度的占51.30%。结论:绝大多数学生认为解剖尸体是学习和理解人体解剖学最有效的途径。但超过半数(51.30%)的学生对尸体解剖持否定态度。学前教育课程和与解剖学老师的互动有助于提高学生对尸体解剖的态度。
{"title":"ATTITUDE TOWARDS CADAVERIC DISSECTION AMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS OF CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE AT BHARATPUR, NEPAL","authors":"S. Shakya, G. A. Khan, S. K. Yadav, S. Khatiwada, Ajeevan Gautam","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cadaver dissection is a crucial component of anatomy learning since it imparts knowledge that medical students will need for the entirety of their future studies. This study was aimed to access the attitude towards cadaveric dissection among first-year medical students and its association with the socio-demographic variables.\u0000Methods: A college based cross-sectional study was carried out among 115 first year medical students (MBBS and BDS) studying in Chitwan Medical College. Self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data from the students when they were in Department of Anatomy, for the practicum. Collected data was entered and analyzed in the SPSS version 20 for window. Pearson’s Chi-square test was applied to measure the association between the level of attitude and selected variables.\u0000Results: Among 115 medical students 48.70% had a positive attitude towards cadaveric dissection while 51.30% were not in favour. The level of attitude was significantly associated with types of stream (ᵪ2 = 4.17, P = 0.04). .\u0000Conclusions: Majority of the students opined cadaveric dissection was the most effective way for learning and understanding human anatomy. However, more than half of students (51.30%) had negative attitude towards cadaveric dissection. Pre-education session and interaction with anatomy faculties can help in improving the attitude of the students towards cadaveric dissection.","PeriodicalId":265624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130241623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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