Today there are between 3 million and 5 million flamingos, mostly Lesser Flamingos (Phoeciconaias minor), in Africa. Their collective biomass is about 8.2 kg or 9,000 English tons. That is more or less 2,600 elephants worth, or 133,000 flamingo biologists. To survive, these millions of flamingos need to eat as much as 1,200 tons of algae, diatoms, or invertebrates each day. But, all of their known populations are stable or declining, we think. And all have become dangerously dependent upon the whims of a mediumsized mammal with a population of 6 billion and a biomass of about 320 million tons.
{"title":"Overview and Future Directions: The Summing-Up","authors":"W. Conway","doi":"10.2307/1522168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522168","url":null,"abstract":"Today there are between 3 million and 5 million flamingos, mostly Lesser Flamingos (Phoeciconaias minor), in Africa. Their collective biomass is about 8.2 kg or 9,000 English tons. That is more or less 2,600 elephants worth, or 133,000 flamingo biologists. To survive, these millions of flamingos need to eat as much as 1,200 tons of algae, diatoms, or invertebrates each day. But, all of their known populations are stable or declining, we think. And all have become dangerously dependent upon the whims of a mediumsized mammal with a population of 6 billion and a biomass of about 320 million tons.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128014076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this extensively revised and enlarged edition of his best-selling book, David Suzuki reflects on the increasingly radical changes in nature and science -- from global warming to the science behind mother/baby interactions -- and examines what they mean for humankind's place in the world. The book begins by presenting the concept of people as creatures of the Earth who depend on its gifts of air, water, soil, and sun energy. The author explains how people are genetically programmed to crave the company of other species, and how people suffer enormously when they fail to live in harmony with them. Suzuki analyzes those deep spiritual needs, rooted in nature, that are a crucial component of a loving world. Drawing on his own experiences and those of others who have put their beliefs into action, "The Sacred Balance" is a powerful, passionate book with concrete suggestions for creating an ecologically sustainable, satisfying, and fair future by rediscovering and addressing humanity's basic needs.
{"title":"The sacred balance : rediscovering our place in nature","authors":"D. Nettleship, D. Suzuki, A. McConnell","doi":"10.2307/1522232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522232","url":null,"abstract":"In this extensively revised and enlarged edition of his best-selling book, David Suzuki reflects on the increasingly radical changes in nature and science -- from global warming to the science behind mother/baby interactions -- and examines what they mean for humankind's place in the world. The book begins by presenting the concept of people as creatures of the Earth who depend on its gifts of air, water, soil, and sun energy. The author explains how people are genetically programmed to crave the company of other species, and how people suffer enormously when they fail to live in harmony with them. Suzuki analyzes those deep spiritual needs, rooted in nature, that are a crucial component of a loving world. Drawing on his own experiences and those of others who have put their beliefs into action, \"The Sacred Balance\" is a powerful, passionate book with concrete suggestions for creating an ecologically sustainable, satisfying, and fair future by rediscovering and addressing humanity's basic needs.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115223882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-In the Basle Zoo, Switzerland, I studied the behavior of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) in a group of color-ringed birds with breeding success for the past 42 years. The "courtship display," a group display occurring occasionally throughout the year, may last for hours in the prebreeding months. The ritualized movements, identically performed by both sexes indicate changing mood, or place, or both. Highest synchronization occurs in groups of 15-25 birds. This behavior brings birds of similar breeding readiness together weeks before breeding, often at places far away from a possible breeding site, and is interpreted as preparation for a prospective collective change of activity (to breeding), and of place (to the breeding site). If breeding conditions improve, these groups may begin egg-laying within a few days. The duration of the pair bond varies from changing the mate every season to several years, probably depending on the number of birds present. Molting of the remiges is highly variable, ranging from replacing only a few feathers to loosing all within a few days, from molting every year to skipping 1 year or 2. Chicks are capable of flight before they are full-grown. Overall, the factors that enable the Greater Flamingo to reproduce successfully in a habitat characterized by irregular climatic conditions, which often lead to irregularly available feeding and breeding sites, include the following: (1) the highly developed behavior of social stimulation; (2) the formation of breeding groups independent from breeding time and place, which allows rapid initiation of breeding after arrival at the nesting area; and (3) the early attainment of flight capability in chicks. LO QUE 19 ANOS DE OBSERVACIONES DE FLAMENCOS MAYORES EN CAUTIVERIO SUGIEREN ACERCA DE LAS ADAPTACIONES PARA LA REPRODUCCION BAJO CONDICIONES IRREGULARES Resumen.-En el zool6gico de Basle, Suiza, yo estudi6 el comportamiento del flamenco comfin (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) en un grupo de individuos anillados que ha reproducido exitosamente durante los filtimos 42 afios. El despliegue de cortejo, un despliegue colectivo que ocurre ocasionalmente durante todo el afio, puede durar varias horas en los meses previos a la reproducci6n. Los movimientos ritualizados son realizados de forma id6ntica por los dos sexos e indican cambios en disposici6n, lugar o ambos. El grado mis alto de sincronizaci6n ocurre en grupos de 15-25 individuos. El cortejo congrega a individuos del mismo grado de disposici6n varias semanas antes de reproducir, frecuentemente en lugares lejanos al lugar de reproducci6n, y es interpretado como una preparaci6n para un cambio probable en actividad (a reproducci6n) y de lugar (al sitio de reproducci6n). Si las condiciones para la reproducci6n mejoran, estos grupos pueden comenzar la postura de huevos en pocos dias. La duraci6n del vinculo de la pareja varia desde un cambio de pareja de una temporada a otra, a un cambio cada varios afios y probablem
在瑞士巴塞尔动物园，我研究了大火烈鸟(Phoenicopterus rubber roseus)在一群过去42年繁殖成功的彩色环鸟中的行为。“求偶表演”是一种全年偶尔发生的群体表演，在繁殖前的几个月里可能会持续几个小时。这些仪式化的动作，由两性共同完成，表明情绪或地点的变化，或两者兼而有之。最高的同步发生在15-25只鸟的群体中。这种行为使具有相似繁殖准备的鸟类在繁殖前几周聚集在一起，通常是在远离可能的繁殖地点的地方，这被解释为为未来的集体活动(繁殖)和地点(繁殖地点)的变化做准备。如果繁殖条件改善，这些群体可能在几天内开始产卵。配偶关系的持续时间从每个季节更换配偶到几年不等，可能取决于在场的鸟类数量。它们的换羽变化很大，有的只换几根羽毛，有的在几天内全部脱落，有的每年换羽，有的一年或两年不换羽。雏鸟在完全长大之前就会飞行了。总体而言，使大火烈鸟能够在气候条件不规则的栖息地成功繁殖的因素包括:(1)高度发达的社会刺激行为;(2)形成独立于繁殖时间和地点的繁殖群体，使到达筑巢区后迅速开始繁殖;(3)雏鸡早期获得飞行能力。19 .关于弗拉门戈市长的观察和观察的问题，以及关于在条件不正常的情况下进行繁殖的适应的问题。在瑞士巴塞尔，你们研究了6只弗拉门戈飞蛾(Phoenicopterus rubber roseus)的幼虫群，它们能在42只飞蛾的电影中繁殖出幼虫。“集体行为”，即“集体行为”，偶尔发生在“集体行为”期间，在“集体行为”期间，“集体行为”发生在“集体行为”期间，“集体行为”发生在“集体行为”期间，“集体行为”发生在“集体行为”期间。这些运动的仪式性和现形性是不同的，这些运动的现形性和现形性是不同的，而印度运动的现形性和现形性是不同的。El grado mis alto de sincroniziz6通常发生在15-25人的群体中。El cortejo congrega a individuos del mismo grado de disposici6 in varas semanas antes de reproducir, recentemente en lugares lejanos al lugar de reproducci6 in, y es interpretado como una preparaci6 in para cambio probable en actividad (a reproducci6 in) by the sugar (al sitio de reproducci6 in)。因此，有条件的生殖能力和生殖能力是有条件的，有条件的生殖能力和生殖能力是有条件的。在不同的个体中，不同的个体表现出不同的差异，不同的个体表现出不同的差异。羽状体的变化是由羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化、羽状体的变化和羽状体的变化等引起的。Los pollos son capaces de volar antes de legar a tamafio成人。总体而言，其显著特征有:适应能力强、允许生育能力强、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差、生育能力差;(二)不符合法定条件的，不符合法定条件的;(三)不符合法定条件的;(3) la capacidad temprana de vuelo en los pollos;(4) el patr6n de muda de las plumas remeras。
{"title":"What 19 Years of Observation on Captive Greater Flamingos Suggests about Adaptations to Breeding under Irregular Conditions","authors":"A. Studer-Thiersch","doi":"10.2307/1522160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522160","url":null,"abstract":"-In the Basle Zoo, Switzerland, I studied the behavior of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) in a group of color-ringed birds with breeding success for the past 42 years. The \"courtship display,\" a group display occurring occasionally throughout the year, may last for hours in the prebreeding months. The ritualized movements, identically performed by both sexes indicate changing mood, or place, or both. Highest synchronization occurs in groups of 15-25 birds. This behavior brings birds of similar breeding readiness together weeks before breeding, often at places far away from a possible breeding site, and is interpreted as preparation for a prospective collective change of activity (to breeding), and of place (to the breeding site). If breeding conditions improve, these groups may begin egg-laying within a few days. The duration of the pair bond varies from changing the mate every season to several years, probably depending on the number of birds present. Molting of the remiges is highly variable, ranging from replacing only a few feathers to loosing all within a few days, from molting every year to skipping 1 year or 2. Chicks are capable of flight before they are full-grown. Overall, the factors that enable the Greater Flamingo to reproduce successfully in a habitat characterized by irregular climatic conditions, which often lead to irregularly available feeding and breeding sites, include the following: (1) the highly developed behavior of social stimulation; (2) the formation of breeding groups independent from breeding time and place, which allows rapid initiation of breeding after arrival at the nesting area; and (3) the early attainment of flight capability in chicks. LO QUE 19 ANOS DE OBSERVACIONES DE FLAMENCOS MAYORES EN CAUTIVERIO SUGIEREN ACERCA DE LAS ADAPTACIONES PARA LA REPRODUCCION BAJO CONDICIONES IRREGULARES Resumen.-En el zool6gico de Basle, Suiza, yo estudi6 el comportamiento del flamenco comfin (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) en un grupo de individuos anillados que ha reproducido exitosamente durante los filtimos 42 afios. El despliegue de cortejo, un despliegue colectivo que ocurre ocasionalmente durante todo el afio, puede durar varias horas en los meses previos a la reproducci6n. Los movimientos ritualizados son realizados de forma id6ntica por los dos sexos e indican cambios en disposici6n, lugar o ambos. El grado mis alto de sincronizaci6n ocurre en grupos de 15-25 individuos. El cortejo congrega a individuos del mismo grado de disposici6n varias semanas antes de reproducir, frecuentemente en lugares lejanos al lugar de reproducci6n, y es interpretado como una preparaci6n para un cambio probable en actividad (a reproducci6n) y de lugar (al sitio de reproducci6n). Si las condiciones para la reproducci6n mejoran, estos grupos pueden comenzar la postura de huevos en pocos dias. La duraci6n del vinculo de la pareja varia desde un cambio de pareja de una temporada a otra, a un cambio cada varios afios y probablem","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125056835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillaume Bertault, Dominique Joulia, Alan R. Johnson, M. Raymond
-In many bird species, sexing individuals accurately is impossible if no sexual dimorphism occurs. This is often particularly true for chicks. However, genomic differences between sexes exist, and molecular techniques make it possible to determine the sex at any stage, provided that a specifically-designed protocol exists. Such a protocol for the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus Pallas) is presented here, together with results from Greater Flamingos in the wild. Received 3 March 1999, accepted 27 March 1999.
{"title":"Sex Determination in Greater Flamingo Chicks through DNA Analysis","authors":"Guillaume Bertault, Dominique Joulia, Alan R. Johnson, M. Raymond","doi":"10.2307/1522216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522216","url":null,"abstract":"-In many bird species, sexing individuals accurately is impossible if no sexual dimorphism occurs. This is often particularly true for chicks. However, genomic differences between sexes exist, and molecular techniques make it possible to determine the sex at any stage, provided that a specifically-designed protocol exists. Such a protocol for the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus Pallas) is presented here, together with results from Greater Flamingos in the wild. Received 3 March 1999, accepted 27 March 1999.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122602380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-Audouin's Gulls (Larus audouinii) were observed in seven of 14 visits between August and November 1996 at two refuse dumps in central Spain. All gulls were juveniles except a bird in molt from second-summer to third-winter plumage, and they were observed throughout the period of their post-breeding migratory movements. Audouin's Gulls foraged on refuse, kleptoparasitizing Black-headed Gulls (L. ridibundus), and roosted in reservoirs and gravel-pits with other gull species. Received 11 April 1997, accepted 21July 1998. Resumen.-Se observaron Gaviotas de Audouin (Larus audouinii) en 7 de 14 visitas a 2 basureros de Espafia Central entre Agosto y Noviembre de 1996. Todos los ejemplares observados fueronjuveniles excepto un individuo mudando de plumaje de segundo verano a tercer invierno, en fechas incluidas a lo largo de todo el periodo de movimientos post-nupciales de la especie. Las gaviotas se alimentaban de basura recogida en el basurero o robada a Gaviotas Reidoras (L. ridibundus), y percnoctaron en embalses y graverasjunto a otras especies de gaviotas.
-Audouin Gulls (Larus audouinii)是observed in seven of 14访问八月与1996年11月at two拒绝中央dumps in Spain。所有的鸟都是幼鸟，除了一种从第二夏季到第三冬季的羽毛，它们在繁殖后的迁徙过程中都被观察到。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的土地面积为，其中土地面积为。这首歌在英国单曲排行榜上排名第二，在英国单曲榜上排名第三。摘要。- 1996年8月至11月期间，在对西班牙中部两个垃圾场的14次访问中，有7次观察到奥都因海鸥(Larus audouinii)。所有观察到的标本都是幼年标本，除了一个个体在第二夏季到第三冬季更换羽毛，日期包括整个物种的婚后运动时期。海鸥以从垃圾场收集的垃圾或从海鸥(L. ridibundus)偷来的垃圾为食，并与其他种类的海鸥一起在水库和砾石坑中过夜。
{"title":"Post-Breeding Inland Movements and Use of Refuse Dumps by Audouin's Gulls in Spain","authors":"G. Blanco, J. Marchamalo","doi":"10.2307/1522221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522221","url":null,"abstract":"-Audouin's Gulls (Larus audouinii) were observed in seven of 14 visits between August and November 1996 at two refuse dumps in central Spain. All gulls were juveniles except a bird in molt from second-summer to third-winter plumage, and they were observed throughout the period of their post-breeding migratory movements. Audouin's Gulls foraged on refuse, kleptoparasitizing Black-headed Gulls (L. ridibundus), and roosted in reservoirs and gravel-pits with other gull species. Received 11 April 1997, accepted 21July 1998. Resumen.-Se observaron Gaviotas de Audouin (Larus audouinii) en 7 de 14 visitas a 2 basureros de Espafia Central entre Agosto y Noviembre de 1996. Todos los ejemplares observados fueronjuveniles excepto un individuo mudando de plumaje de segundo verano a tercer invierno, en fechas incluidas a lo largo de todo el periodo de movimientos post-nupciales de la especie. Las gaviotas se alimentaban de basura recogida en el basurero o robada a Gaviotas Reidoras (L. ridibundus), y percnoctaron en embalses y graverasjunto a otras especies de gaviotas.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-We studied patterns of dispersal and philopatry within a Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle) colony, based on a 22-year capture-recapture study of individually-marked birds. The study colony in western Iceland was divided into 15 subcolonies. Out of 356 local recruits, 122 settled in their natal subcolony, a far higher proportion than expected from a random distribution. The western part of the colony attracted significantly more recruits than did the eastern part. Breeding dispersal among subcolonies only occurred in one percent of all cases in which a bird was captured in two successive years. We suggest that potential recruits select their breeding site based on an assessment of quality as expressed by conspecific breeding success, and also that philopatry occurs because this information acquisition is less than perfect and birds bias their search towards their natal site. Received 18 May 1998, initially accepted 24 November 1998, final acceptance 15 May 1999.
{"title":"Philopatry and Dispersal within a Black Guillemot Colony","authors":"M. Frederiksen, A. Petersen","doi":"10.2307/1522215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522215","url":null,"abstract":"-We studied patterns of dispersal and philopatry within a Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle) colony, based on a 22-year capture-recapture study of individually-marked birds. The study colony in western Iceland was divided into 15 subcolonies. Out of 356 local recruits, 122 settled in their natal subcolony, a far higher proportion than expected from a random distribution. The western part of the colony attracted significantly more recruits than did the eastern part. Breeding dispersal among subcolonies only occurred in one percent of all cases in which a bird was captured in two successive years. We suggest that potential recruits select their breeding site based on an assessment of quality as expressed by conspecific breeding success, and also that philopatry occurs because this information acquisition is less than perfect and birds bias their search towards their natal site. Received 18 May 1998, initially accepted 24 November 1998, final acceptance 15 May 1999.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-I sought to determine which seabird species initiated small, ephemeral, multispecies feeding flocks in Prince William Sound, AK (PWS). I observed 47 feeding flocks at five sites duringJune 1996 and determined the initiating species at 34. All of the latter flocks were initiated by pursuit divers, of which 76.5% were Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), the most abundant seabird in PWS. Formation of feeding flocks followed either of two scenarios: 1) larids were attracted to a feeding location by the presence or activity of Marbled Murrelets (26.9%), or 2) both larids and murrelets were present and flock feeding began after the murrelets dove from the surface (50.0%). Other principal participants were Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens). Received 14 April 1999, accepted I June 1999.
{"title":"Marbled Murrelets as Initiators of Feeding Flocks in Prince William Sound, Alaska","authors":"W. Ostrand","doi":"10.2307/1522223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522223","url":null,"abstract":"-I sought to determine which seabird species initiated small, ephemeral, multispecies feeding flocks in Prince William Sound, AK (PWS). I observed 47 feeding flocks at five sites duringJune 1996 and determined the initiating species at 34. All of the latter flocks were initiated by pursuit divers, of which 76.5% were Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), the most abundant seabird in PWS. Formation of feeding flocks followed either of two scenarios: 1) larids were attracted to a feeding location by the presence or activity of Marbled Murrelets (26.9%), or 2) both larids and murrelets were present and flock feeding began after the murrelets dove from the surface (50.0%). Other principal participants were Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens). Received 14 April 1999, accepted I June 1999.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123853892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-Data on age correlation between members of breeding pairs of the European White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) were collected during a long-term study (20 years) of this species in western France. Data from 43 pairs of known age indicated significant age correlation between mates. We tested if the age correlation could be explained by nonrandom mate selection with respect to age or experience or by factors linked to the life-history traits of that species. However, when mate changes occurred, White Storks did not choose their new mate according to experience. Consequently, the correlation between ages of mates is not achieved by nonrandom mate selection with respect to age or experience. Possible causes leading to the observed age correlation are discussed. Submitted 11 June 1999, resubmitted 25 September 1999, accepted 21 October 1999.
{"title":"Is There Age Assortative Mating in the European White Stork","authors":"C. Barbraud, Jean-Claude Barbraud","doi":"10.2307/1522129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522129","url":null,"abstract":"-Data on age correlation between members of breeding pairs of the European White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) were collected during a long-term study (20 years) of this species in western France. Data from 43 pairs of known age indicated significant age correlation between mates. We tested if the age correlation could be explained by nonrandom mate selection with respect to age or experience or by factors linked to the life-history traits of that species. However, when mate changes occurred, White Storks did not choose their new mate according to experience. Consequently, the correlation between ages of mates is not achieved by nonrandom mate selection with respect to age or experience. Possible causes leading to the observed age correlation are discussed. Submitted 11 June 1999, resubmitted 25 September 1999, accepted 21 October 1999.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129013698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaches to Testing Inter-Observer Reliability of Field-Collected Behavioral Data","authors":"J. Neuman, J. Chardine, J. Porter","doi":"10.2307/1522110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114138567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-Determination of breeding success of birds requires a variable amount of disturbance by human observers. The effects of human disturbance during research activities were assessed in a colony of South American Terns (Sterna hirundinacea) by comparing hatching success between visited and unvisited nests during incubation. Predation by a mustelid, probably the Little Grison (Galictis cuja), was the main cause of nest failure during incubation. Hatching success and daily nest survival rates during incubation did not differ between visited and unvisited nests. Received 29July 1998, accepted 6January 1999. Resumen.-La determinaci6n del 6xito reproductor supone ciertas molestias a las aves por los investigadores. Estas molestias fueron valoradas en una colonia de Charrin Suramericano (Sterna hirundinacea), comparando el 6xito de eclosi6n en nidos visitados y no visitados durante la incubaci6n. La depredaci6n por un mustilido, probablemente Galictis cuja, fue la principal causa de fracaso reproductor durante la incubaci6n. El 6xito de eclosi6n y la supervivencia diaria de los nidos durante la incubaci6n no difiri6 entre nidos visitados y no visitados.
-鸟类繁殖成功与否的测定需要人类观察者施加不同程度的干扰。通过比较南美燕鸥(Sterna hirundinacea)孵化期间到访巢穴和未到访巢穴的孵化成功率，评估了研究活动期间人为干扰的影响。被鼬鼠捕食，可能是小灰鼠(Galictis cuja)，是孵化期间巢失败的主要原因。孵出成功率和孵育期间的每日巢存活率在参观和未参观的巢之间没有差异。1998年7月29日收，1999年1月6日收。Resumen。研究结果表明:1)对生殖细胞发育发育的影响;2)对生殖细胞发育的影响;Estas molestias fueron valoradas en una colonia de Charrin Suramericano (Sterna hirundinacea)，比较了在没有访客的情况下封闭的情况。La depredaci6和ppunmustilido，可能是Galictis cuja, fute La La主要原因的fracaso生殖持续时间La cucubaci6。在没有访客的情况下，没有访客的情况下，没有访客的情况下，没有访客的情况下，没有访客的情况下，没有访客。
{"title":"Effects of Research Activity on Hatching Success in a Colony of South American Terns","authors":"G. Blanco, P. Yorio, M. Bertellotti","doi":"10.2307/1522006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1522006","url":null,"abstract":"-Determination of breeding success of birds requires a variable amount of disturbance by human observers. The effects of human disturbance during research activities were assessed in a colony of South American Terns (Sterna hirundinacea) by comparing hatching success between visited and unvisited nests during incubation. Predation by a mustelid, probably the Little Grison (Galictis cuja), was the main cause of nest failure during incubation. Hatching success and daily nest survival rates during incubation did not differ between visited and unvisited nests. Received 29July 1998, accepted 6January 1999. Resumen.-La determinaci6n del 6xito reproductor supone ciertas molestias a las aves por los investigadores. Estas molestias fueron valoradas en una colonia de Charrin Suramericano (Sterna hirundinacea), comparando el 6xito de eclosi6n en nidos visitados y no visitados durante la incubaci6n. La depredaci6n por un mustilido, probablemente Galictis cuja, fue la principal causa de fracaso reproductor durante la incubaci6n. El 6xito de eclosi6n y la supervivencia diaria de los nidos durante la incubaci6n no difiri6 entre nidos visitados y no visitados.","PeriodicalId":266321,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121840965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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