The article investigates political debates about royal succession and noble participation in fifteenth-century Hungary. The political language of that time was often marked by strong references to ‘own’ (seemingly ‘national’) identities and aspects of ‘foreignness’ that were regarded as (or at least argumentatively marked as) unwelcome. While references like this have been interpreted as supposed proof of a pre-modern form of xenophobia, this article suggests analysing the complexity of political structures, the various layers of communication with different legitimation strategies, and forms of conflict escalation. Drawing from recent sociological studies, medieval discourses and semantics of ‘foreignness’ can then be understood as means of shaping identities and legitimizing claims for societal participation.
{"title":"Argumentative Uses of ‘Otherness‘ and ‘Foreignness‘ in Pre-Modern Political Debates in Central Europe","authors":"Julia Burkhardt","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates political debates about royal succession and noble participation in fifteenth-century Hungary. The political language of that time was often marked by strong references to ‘own’ (seemingly ‘national’) identities and aspects of ‘foreignness’ that were regarded as (or at least argumentatively marked as) unwelcome. While references like this have been interpreted as supposed proof of a pre-modern form of xenophobia, this article suggests analysing the complexity of political structures, the various layers of communication with different legitimation strategies, and forms of conflict escalation. Drawing from recent sociological studies, medieval discourses and semantics of ‘foreignness’ can then be understood as means of shaping identities and legitimizing claims for societal participation.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122501270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Krakow: An Ecobiography. Edited by Adam Izdebski and Rafał Szmytka.","authors":"A. Vadas","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-2.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122083511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, male medical doctors and surgeons were turning to midwifery earlier than their German counterparts. Equally, in France and in England, maternity wards and hospitals emerged earlier than in Germany. Nevertheless, the lying-in hospital of Göttingen, founded in 1751, played a pioneering role: it was the first university institution in the world. Its main purpose was to give practical, hands-on education in obstetrics to medical students.The first professor of obstetrics and director of Göttingen University lying-in hospital, Johann Georg Roederer (1726–1763), was willing to transform the traditional female craft of midwifery into a branch of medical science. Through educating the next generation of obstetricians and his scholarly publications, he had a major impact in Germany and beyond.For the period around 1800, an exceptionally rich collection of printed and archival sources allows deep insight into the practices of Göttingen University’s lying-in hospital. The roles of the director, the midwife, the students, and the patients can be studied in detail, and compared to lying-in hospitals in other countries. Special attention is given to the practice of practical education.Finally, the success of the maternity hospital can be assessed, both in terms of the directors’ reputation, and the survival chances of mothers and children.
{"title":"The First University Lying-In Hospital","authors":"J. Schlumbohm","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-2.06","url":null,"abstract":"In France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, male medical doctors and surgeons were turning to midwifery earlier than their German counterparts. Equally, in France and in England, maternity wards and hospitals emerged earlier than in Germany. Nevertheless, the lying-in hospital of Göttingen, founded in 1751, played a pioneering role: it was the first university institution in the world. Its main purpose was to give practical, hands-on education in obstetrics to medical students.The first professor of obstetrics and director of Göttingen University lying-in hospital, Johann Georg Roederer (1726–1763), was willing to transform the traditional female craft of midwifery into a branch of medical science. Through educating the next generation of obstetricians and his scholarly publications, he had a major impact in Germany and beyond.For the period around 1800, an exceptionally rich collection of printed and archival sources allows deep insight into the practices of Göttingen University’s lying-in hospital. The roles of the director, the midwife, the students, and the patients can be studied in detail, and compared to lying-in hospitals in other countries. Special attention is given to the practice of practical education.Finally, the success of the maternity hospital can be assessed, both in terms of the directors’ reputation, and the survival chances of mothers and children.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113954606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the analysis of articles published in theater periodicals in the Holy Roman Empire, thisstudy explores the enlightened cultural and symbolic geographies as reflected in the late eighteenth-centuryGerman theatrical press. Larry Wolff has shown that western travelers tend to locate the borders of civilizedEurope in Habsburg lands situated east of Vienna, namely in Galicia and Hungary. If theatrical periodicalsand travel memoirs by western travelers share a common interest in the frontiers of civilized Europe, thespecific geography of civilization entails several contradictions in the two medias. Larry Wolff has shownthat western travelers tend to locate the borders of civilized Europe in Habsburg lands situated east ofVienna, namely in Galicia and Hungary. By contrast, in theatrical journals based in the Holy Roman Empire,the borders of civilization seem to be concentrated south-eastwards, along the Ottoman frontier, namely inHungary and in the countries of St. Stephen’s Crown. The article seeks to elucidate variations by pointing togeographical and political factors, as well as to differences between these two literary genres. Unlike traveljournals, theater periodicals in the Holy Roman Empire had to give a general overview of contemporarytheater life, by pointing to the mobilities of itinerant theatrical, especially German, companies, and bydocumenting their repertoire. This article reveals how the specific construction of an imagined Europeanperiphery reflected by the periodicals is determined both by their networks of contributors and by the tastefor exotic, namely Turkish subjects, in eighteenth-century dramas and operas. Hence, such philosophicgeographies are shaped both by the origin, the language, the genre and by the major themes of suchperiodicals.
{"title":"Constructing a Periphery","authors":"Raluca Muresan","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of articles published in theater periodicals in the Holy Roman Empire, thisstudy explores the enlightened cultural and symbolic geographies as reflected in the late eighteenth-centuryGerman theatrical press. Larry Wolff has shown that western travelers tend to locate the borders of civilizedEurope in Habsburg lands situated east of Vienna, namely in Galicia and Hungary. If theatrical periodicalsand travel memoirs by western travelers share a common interest in the frontiers of civilized Europe, thespecific geography of civilization entails several contradictions in the two medias. Larry Wolff has shownthat western travelers tend to locate the borders of civilized Europe in Habsburg lands situated east ofVienna, namely in Galicia and Hungary. By contrast, in theatrical journals based in the Holy Roman Empire,the borders of civilization seem to be concentrated south-eastwards, along the Ottoman frontier, namely inHungary and in the countries of St. Stephen’s Crown. The article seeks to elucidate variations by pointing togeographical and political factors, as well as to differences between these two literary genres. Unlike traveljournals, theater periodicals in the Holy Roman Empire had to give a general overview of contemporarytheater life, by pointing to the mobilities of itinerant theatrical, especially German, companies, and bydocumenting their repertoire. This article reveals how the specific construction of an imagined Europeanperiphery reflected by the periodicals is determined both by their networks of contributors and by the tastefor exotic, namely Turkish subjects, in eighteenth-century dramas and operas. Hence, such philosophicgeographies are shaped both by the origin, the language, the genre and by the major themes of suchperiodicals.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117072621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aufklärung habsburgisch. Staatsbildung, Wissenskultur und Geschichtspolitik in Zentraleuropa 1750–1850. By Franz Leander Fillafer","authors":"Zsolt Kökényesi","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131381204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the interwar period, an American theatre and film entrepreneur had a determinantimpact on the private theatre sector of Budapest. Ben Blumenthal (1883–1967) ran the Vígszínház(Comedy Theatre) in 1920–1926 and owned its building in 1920–1949. In addition, Blumenthalfinanced the operation of the Fővárosi Operettszínház (Budapest Operetta Theatre) in 1922–1926.Although from a global perspective, Blumenthal does not belong to the group of legendaryUS theatre or movie producers, in the context of Hungarian theatre culture, he was the mostinfluential mediator in Hungarian–American cultural relations. The study aims to piece together theundiscovered elements of Blumenthal’s personal and professional biography and to discuss how hisactivities were evaluated from the American and the Hungarian perspectives.Special emphasis will be given to the US and Hungarian entertainment press: Blumenthal’sinterviews on his Hungarian theatres, articles on Blumenthal’s position in the transnationalproducers’ hierarchy, and representation of the Vígszínház in the US entertainment press. The aim isto assess the significance of Blumenthal’s Budapest business activities within his entire career.
{"title":"An American Investor in the Theatre Industry of Budapest","authors":"Gyӧngyi Heltai","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.08","url":null,"abstract":"In the interwar period, an American theatre and film entrepreneur had a determinantimpact on the private theatre sector of Budapest. Ben Blumenthal (1883–1967) ran the Vígszínház(Comedy Theatre) in 1920–1926 and owned its building in 1920–1949. In addition, Blumenthalfinanced the operation of the Fővárosi Operettszínház (Budapest Operetta Theatre) in 1922–1926.Although from a global perspective, Blumenthal does not belong to the group of legendaryUS theatre or movie producers, in the context of Hungarian theatre culture, he was the mostinfluential mediator in Hungarian–American cultural relations. The study aims to piece together theundiscovered elements of Blumenthal’s personal and professional biography and to discuss how hisactivities were evaluated from the American and the Hungarian perspectives.Special emphasis will be given to the US and Hungarian entertainment press: Blumenthal’sinterviews on his Hungarian theatres, articles on Blumenthal’s position in the transnationalproducers’ hierarchy, and representation of the Vígszínház in the US entertainment press. The aim isto assess the significance of Blumenthal’s Budapest business activities within his entire career.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127058152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest history is a relatively new discipline in Croatian historiography. The scale ofexploitation remains the main point of interest for scholars dealing with forest history. Nevertheless,recent scholarship has turned scholarly interest towards another question: Can exploitation (timberconsumption) be the only criterion for the anthropization of forests? The present paper analyzesthree travelogues from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and compares them withquantitative data originating from various historical sources. It shows how travelogues do not onlyoffer a vivid description of a land and its inhabitants but can also be used as a valuable confirmationof historical conclusions based on quantitative historical data. Even more, travelogues may providesome specific data not available elsewhere. In this case, three travelogues (Atanazije Jurjević, OsmanAga of Timişoara/Temesvár, and Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube) give a broader understanding of theanthropization of forests in Slavonia during the early modern period.
森林史在克罗地亚史学中是一门相对较新的学科。森林开发的规模仍然是研究森林历史的学者们感兴趣的主要问题。然而，最近的学术研究将学术兴趣转向了另一个问题:开发(木材消耗)是森林人类化的唯一标准吗?本文分析了17世纪和18世纪的三部游记，并将它们与来自不同历史来源的定量数据进行了比较。它表明，游记不仅生动地描述了一片土地及其居民，而且还可以作为基于定量历史数据的历史结论的有价值的证实。更重要的是，游记可能会提供一些其他地方没有的具体数据。在这种情况下，三篇游记(Atanazije jurjeviki, OsmanAga of timioara /Temesvár和Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube)对现代早期斯拉沃尼亚森林的人类化有了更广泛的了解。
{"title":"Descriptions of the Forests of Slavonia in Travelogues of the Early Modern Age","authors":"Robert Skenderović","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Forest history is a relatively new discipline in Croatian historiography. The scale ofexploitation remains the main point of interest for scholars dealing with forest history. Nevertheless,recent scholarship has turned scholarly interest towards another question: Can exploitation (timberconsumption) be the only criterion for the anthropization of forests? The present paper analyzesthree travelogues from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and compares them withquantitative data originating from various historical sources. It shows how travelogues do not onlyoffer a vivid description of a land and its inhabitants but can also be used as a valuable confirmationof historical conclusions based on quantitative historical data. Even more, travelogues may providesome specific data not available elsewhere. In this case, three travelogues (Atanazije Jurjević, OsmanAga of Timişoara/Temesvár, and Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube) give a broader understanding of theanthropization of forests in Slavonia during the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116225441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Egy elfeledett magyar királyi dinasztia: a Szapolyaiak [A Forgotten Hungarian Royal Dynasty: The Szapolyais]. Edited by Pál Fodor and Szabolcs Varga","authors":"Zoltán Ujj","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Byzantinische Goldschmiedearbeiten im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum. Edited by Mechthild Schulze-Dörrlamm","authors":"Adrienn Blay","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper focuses on the ways Czech-language theatres in Czechoslovakia were dealingwith the obligatory presence of Soviet operetta titles in their repertoire, dating from about 1950to 1989. The reform of Czech musical theatre began right after World War II. In search of the right,nationalized form of operetta, Czech theatre organs soon understood that the example must bedrawn from the hegemonic Soviet culture. In the Soviet discourse, mainly Isaac Dunayevsky’soperettas were considered masterpieces, and Czech theatre politicians were soon paying theirattention to them. After some initial difficulties in obtaining material for the operettas, Dunayevsky’spieces entered Czech theatre and stayed on the repertoire to the beginning of the 1960s. Afterthe Warsaw Pact Invasion in 1968, Soviet operettas re-entered the theatres’ repertoire; however,their reception and staging circumstances were much more complicated. The paper focuses on themain tendencies in staging Dunayevsky’s operettas in Czechoslovakia, the political and culturalbackground of productions, and the various ways of presenting it in Czech society and culture. Thecultural and historical microprocesses analysed may then throw light on a wider range of historicaland cultural phenomena, including cultural transfers and relations between Czechoslovakia and theSoviet Union, the discrepancies between the official and unofficial discourse, as well as the role ofpopular musical theatre in a socialist society.
{"title":"Musical Theatre as an Object of Transnational Political Exchange","authors":"Vojtěch Frank","doi":"10.47074/hsce.2022-1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the ways Czech-language theatres in Czechoslovakia were dealingwith the obligatory presence of Soviet operetta titles in their repertoire, dating from about 1950to 1989. The reform of Czech musical theatre began right after World War II. In search of the right,nationalized form of operetta, Czech theatre organs soon understood that the example must bedrawn from the hegemonic Soviet culture. In the Soviet discourse, mainly Isaac Dunayevsky’soperettas were considered masterpieces, and Czech theatre politicians were soon paying theirattention to them. After some initial difficulties in obtaining material for the operettas, Dunayevsky’spieces entered Czech theatre and stayed on the repertoire to the beginning of the 1960s. Afterthe Warsaw Pact Invasion in 1968, Soviet operettas re-entered the theatres’ repertoire; however,their reception and staging circumstances were much more complicated. The paper focuses on themain tendencies in staging Dunayevsky’s operettas in Czechoslovakia, the political and culturalbackground of productions, and the various ways of presenting it in Czech society and culture. Thecultural and historical microprocesses analysed may then throw light on a wider range of historicaland cultural phenomena, including cultural transfers and relations between Czechoslovakia and theSoviet Union, the discrepancies between the official and unofficial discourse, as well as the role ofpopular musical theatre in a socialist society.","PeriodicalId":267555,"journal":{"name":"Historical Studies on Central Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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