Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.031
Kratika Mishra, Poonam Tomar Rana, K. S. Rana
: Epidemiology of malocclusion and assessment of orthodontic treatment needs are of great importance in many countries and are included in numerous national-level surveys. The aim of orthodontic treatment is to achieve the best possible occlusion within the framework of function, stability, and esthetics. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and Orthodontic treatment needs of 12–15-year-old school-going childrenusing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore. 300 school children (180 girls and 120 boys) of government schools of age group 12-15-year-old were examined. Type 3 examination method was used to record the orthodontic treatment need was using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Result showed that only 38.6% had no need of treatment, (23.3%) were assigned grade 2 of IOTN Dental Health Component (DHC) score, (14.3%) required borderline treatment, (12.3%) of the total population required severe orthodontic treatment that is score 4. Extreme treatment is required by (11.3%) of the study population. : There seems to be an inconsistency in the proportion of children needing orthodontic treatment on esthetic and dental health basis. It indicates a general lack of awareness among the school children about the severity of their existing malocclusion. More awareness programs and camps need to be conducted regarding spread of awareness of orthodontic treatment needs.
{"title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst 12-15 years old school-going children using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore","authors":"Kratika Mishra, Poonam Tomar Rana, K. S. Rana","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.031","url":null,"abstract":": Epidemiology of malocclusion and assessment of orthodontic treatment needs are of great importance in many countries and are included in numerous national-level surveys. The aim of orthodontic treatment is to achieve the best possible occlusion within the framework of function, stability, and esthetics. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and Orthodontic treatment needs of 12–15-year-old school-going childrenusing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore. 300 school children (180 girls and 120 boys) of government schools of age group 12-15-year-old were examined. Type 3 examination method was used to record the orthodontic treatment need was using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Result showed that only 38.6% had no need of treatment, (23.3%) were assigned grade 2 of IOTN Dental Health Component (DHC) score, (14.3%) required borderline treatment, (12.3%) of the total population required severe orthodontic treatment that is score 4. Extreme treatment is required by (11.3%) of the study population. : There seems to be an inconsistency in the proportion of children needing orthodontic treatment on esthetic and dental health basis. It indicates a general lack of awareness among the school children about the severity of their existing malocclusion. More awareness programs and camps need to be conducted regarding spread of awareness of orthodontic treatment needs.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129076748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.027
A. Kamboj, Bikash Ranjan Bindhani, Pritam Mohanty, S. Seth, Debapreeti Mohanty, P. Samir
The goal of this research is to see how effective virtual reality (VR) is in reducing discomfort during early fixed orthodontic operations. The research comprised 70 individuals, all of whom were between the ages of 15 to 18 years randomly divided into two groups- research group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). Patients in the experimental group received a virtual reality headset and watched interesting movies during orthodontic procedures, while those in the control group received regular care. The VR headgear was placed over the patient's eyes as the dental procedure began in the study group, whereas the controls group's eyes were kept open as they viewed the clinic and dental procedures going on around them. After adopting virtual reality movies before and after dental treatments, there was a statistically significant difference in pain levels between the control and study groups. The mean pain ratings during orthodontic treatment were 8.6 and 6.3 in the control and study groups, respectively. Following orthodontic treatment, the control and study groups reported mean pain levels of 7.4 and 6.7, respectively. VR is found to be an effective method in pain alleviation during initial fixed orthodontic procedures.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) technology towards pain management during initial fixed orthodontic procedures: A case-control study","authors":"A. Kamboj, Bikash Ranjan Bindhani, Pritam Mohanty, S. Seth, Debapreeti Mohanty, P. Samir","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is to see how effective virtual reality (VR) is in reducing discomfort during early fixed orthodontic operations. The research comprised 70 individuals, all of whom were between the ages of 15 to 18 years randomly divided into two groups- research group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). Patients in the experimental group received a virtual reality headset and watched interesting movies during orthodontic procedures, while those in the control group received regular care. The VR headgear was placed over the patient's eyes as the dental procedure began in the study group, whereas the controls group's eyes were kept open as they viewed the clinic and dental procedures going on around them. After adopting virtual reality movies before and after dental treatments, there was a statistically significant difference in pain levels between the control and study groups. The mean pain ratings during orthodontic treatment were 8.6 and 6.3 in the control and study groups, respectively. Following orthodontic treatment, the control and study groups reported mean pain levels of 7.4 and 6.7, respectively. VR is found to be an effective method in pain alleviation during initial fixed orthodontic procedures.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.024
Tanjula Shair, T. Tikku, Rohit Khanna, R. Maurya, S. Verma, K. Srivastava
Dermatoglyphics are useful in anthropological, medico legal and genetic studies. Hereditary and prenatal environmental factors leading to malocclusion may also influence fingerprint patterns which are classified into arches, loops and whorls. Dermatoglyphic pattern can be recorded by stamp ink pad method or scanner method. This study was conducted with an aim to compare stamp pad method and scanner method in terms of visibility and ease of identification by panel of postgraduate students of orthodontic speciality.Finger print pattern of 140 digit of 14 participants with aged range of 20-40 years, were recorded by both stamp pad method and scanning method using Futronic scanner. Print out of scanned images was taken. Post graduate students were briefed about identification of different types of dermatoglyphic pattern and asked to identify finger prints of each subject which were arranged randomly in a file. The fingerprint pattern was cross-checked and identified by the operator. A questionnaire in the Google form was also given to each participant to know the ease of identification and visibility of finger pattern in both patterns. 92.8% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by participants for scanner method whereas 90% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by same participants for stamp pad method in comparison to judgement made by operator. According to participants scanner method was easier to identify due to better visibility.77.8% participants found smudges in ink pad, 83.3% participants found better color contrast in scanning method. 72.2% participants found stamp pad method to be more time consuming.It can be concluded that the scanner method may be better in terms of identification, visibility as seen by the response of participants. Therefore, there was less error in identification of fingerprint pattern with scanner method but with experience, accurate results could be derived from both the techniques.
{"title":"Comparison of scanner method and stamp pad method for dermatoglyphic patterns","authors":"Tanjula Shair, T. Tikku, Rohit Khanna, R. Maurya, S. Verma, K. Srivastava","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.024","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatoglyphics are useful in anthropological, medico legal and genetic studies. Hereditary and prenatal environmental factors leading to malocclusion may also influence fingerprint patterns which are classified into arches, loops and whorls. Dermatoglyphic pattern can be recorded by stamp ink pad method or scanner method. This study was conducted with an aim to compare stamp pad method and scanner method in terms of visibility and ease of identification by panel of postgraduate students of orthodontic speciality.Finger print pattern of 140 digit of 14 participants with aged range of 20-40 years, were recorded by both stamp pad method and scanning method using Futronic scanner. Print out of scanned images was taken. Post graduate students were briefed about identification of different types of dermatoglyphic pattern and asked to identify finger prints of each subject which were arranged randomly in a file. The fingerprint pattern was cross-checked and identified by the operator. A questionnaire in the Google form was also given to each participant to know the ease of identification and visibility of finger pattern in both patterns. 92.8% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by participants for scanner method whereas 90% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by same participants for stamp pad method in comparison to judgement made by operator. According to participants scanner method was easier to identify due to better visibility.77.8% participants found smudges in ink pad, 83.3% participants found better color contrast in scanning method. 72.2% participants found stamp pad method to be more time consuming.It can be concluded that the scanner method may be better in terms of identification, visibility as seen by the response of participants. Therefore, there was less error in identification of fingerprint pattern with scanner method but with experience, accurate results could be derived from both the techniques.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132538546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.028
D. Soni, Rohit Khanna, T. Tikku, R. Maurya, S. Verma, K. Srivastava
To assess condylar position using Gelb’s grid in subjects with different malocclusion. Pre- treatment lateral cephalogram of 45 subjects (aged above 18yrs) were taken and equally divided in three groups, Group I(skeletal Class I malocclusion), Group II-(skeletal Class II malocclusion) and Group III (Class III malocclusion) based on three Cephalometric parameters (ANB, Yen angle and Wits appraisal). Condylar position in relation to glenoid fossa was assessed with Gelb’s grid. For Group I condyle was positioned normally (4,7) in 86.66% of subjects and was positioned posteriorly (5,8)13.33% of subjects. For Group II condyle was displaced posteriorly (5,8) in 86.66% of subjects and in normal position (4,7) for remaining subjects. For Group III subjects condyle was again found in posteriorly displaced 66.66% of subjects and normally positioned in rest of subjects. It can be suggested that the condylar position showed variability in three malocclusion groups. Class I malocclusion group with no skeletal discrepancy was associated with more symmetric normal condylar position than malocclusion groups with skeletal discrepancy (Class II and Class III).
{"title":"Evaluation of mandibular condylar position in different malocclusion with Gelb’s grid","authors":"D. Soni, Rohit Khanna, T. Tikku, R. Maurya, S. Verma, K. Srivastava","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"To assess condylar position using Gelb’s grid in subjects with different malocclusion. Pre- treatment lateral cephalogram of 45 subjects (aged above 18yrs) were taken and equally divided in three groups, Group I(skeletal Class I malocclusion), Group II-(skeletal Class II malocclusion) and Group III (Class III malocclusion) based on three Cephalometric parameters (ANB, Yen angle and Wits appraisal). Condylar position in relation to glenoid fossa was assessed with Gelb’s grid. For Group I condyle was positioned normally (4,7) in 86.66% of subjects and was positioned posteriorly (5,8)13.33% of subjects. For Group II condyle was displaced posteriorly (5,8) in 86.66% of subjects and in normal position (4,7) for remaining subjects. For Group III subjects condyle was again found in posteriorly displaced 66.66% of subjects and normally positioned in rest of subjects. It can be suggested that the condylar position showed variability in three malocclusion groups. Class I malocclusion group with no skeletal discrepancy was associated with more symmetric normal condylar position than malocclusion groups with skeletal discrepancy (Class II and Class III).","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"143 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129421074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.035
Shikha Rastogi, Avinash Gohilot, Gurkeerat Singh
This case report highlights the effective and efficient usage of fixed functional appliance in the management of class II div 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible and deep overbite in an adult individual. Orthognathic surgery and Orthodontic camouflage with premolar extraction were not considered in the present case. The Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA type 2) was considered due to ease of fabrication, placing it simultaneously along with fixed mechanotherapy.
{"title":"Nonsurgical management of class II division 1 malocclusion in an adult patient using fixed functional appliance: A case report","authors":"Shikha Rastogi, Avinash Gohilot, Gurkeerat Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"This case report highlights the effective and efficient usage of fixed functional appliance in the management of class II div 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible and deep overbite in an adult individual. Orthognathic surgery and Orthodontic camouflage with premolar extraction were not considered in the present case. The Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA type 2) was considered due to ease of fabrication, placing it simultaneously along with fixed mechanotherapy.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120958339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.020
Muhamed Raheesh, Junaid Ali
A 13year old male patient presented with buccally erupted maxillary and mandibular canines, upper and lower anterior proclination, and Class I molar relationship. First premolar extraction with maximum anchorage protocol was planned to correct the crowding. Segmental arch mechanics with T-loop (0.017 × 0.025" TMA) were used to correct the buccally erupted canines. At the end of treatment patient’s soft tissue profile and smile improved significantly. Crowding and proclination of maxillary and mandibular arch were corrected and class I molar relationship was maintained.
{"title":"Segmented arch technique for the correction of crowding in Angle s Class I malocclusion – A case report","authors":"Muhamed Raheesh, Junaid Ali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"A 13year old male patient presented with buccally erupted maxillary and mandibular canines, upper and lower anterior proclination, and Class I molar relationship. First premolar extraction with maximum anchorage protocol was planned to correct the crowding. Segmental arch mechanics with T-loop (0.017 × 0.025\" TMA) were used to correct the buccally erupted canines. At the end of treatment patient’s soft tissue profile and smile improved significantly. Crowding and proclination of maxillary and mandibular arch were corrected and class I molar relationship was maintained.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123700860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.016
Rehan Khan, N. Baruah, Arpita Kashyap, Rajashree Bhattacharjee
Ever since the development of lasers in the 1960s and subsequent introduction to the medical and dental field, it has become a must-have armamentarium in the orthodontic and dental office. Lasers offer a wide range of applications in orthodontic practice with the advantage of safety, convenience, reduced postoperative pain & discomfort. Lasers have applications in soft tissue management, hard tissue management as well as in the manufacturing process of various orthodontic appliances.
{"title":"Lasers in orthodontics-Current update","authors":"Rehan Khan, N. Baruah, Arpita Kashyap, Rajashree Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.016","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the development of lasers in the 1960s and subsequent introduction to the medical and dental field, it has become a must-have armamentarium in the orthodontic and dental office. Lasers offer a wide range of applications in orthodontic practice with the advantage of safety, convenience, reduced postoperative pain & discomfort. Lasers have applications in soft tissue management, hard tissue management as well as in the manufacturing process of various orthodontic appliances.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129904506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.013
A. Kamboj
{"title":"Malocclusion and orthodontic tooth movement","authors":"A. Kamboj","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129562478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.021
Mohammed Fawas, Abdulrahman Rahim, Junaid Ali
Clinical orthodontic treatment of gummy smile with VME has conventionally treated by Lefort 1 osteotomy and superior impaction of maxilla. Recent advents in TADs has broadened the scope and is replaced as less invasive procedure for such patients. This case reports describes the biomechanics and shows the excellent changes obtained with dual buccal mini screws supported orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Gummy smile correction with miniscrews in Class II vertical maxillary excess","authors":"Mohammed Fawas, Abdulrahman Rahim, Junaid Ali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical orthodontic treatment of gummy smile with VME has conventionally treated by Lefort 1 osteotomy and superior impaction of maxilla. Recent advents in TADs has broadened the scope and is replaced as less invasive procedure for such patients. This case reports describes the biomechanics and shows the excellent changes obtained with dual buccal mini screws supported orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"641 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120929512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.014
Varun Kashyap, Deeksha Rawat
Esthetics plays a major role from orthodontic treatment to results. Gaining space in dental arch is the most important step in the treatment planning which can be achieved by different methods one of which is molar distalisation. There are a number of methods (Arch expansion, interproximal reduction, proclination of teeth, molar derotation, use of functional appliances) to gain space. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and specific indications. A child with class I bases and acceptable profile, with minimal space requirements for relief of crowding or mild protrusion can possibly be best treated without sacrifice of tooth material. Various intaoral and extraoral appliances have been invented using non-extraction treatment to distalise molars. Aim of distalization is to move molars distally so as to gain space. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various methods (intraoral & extraoral) used for molar distalization.
{"title":"Molar distalization classification – A review","authors":"Varun Kashyap, Deeksha Rawat","doi":"10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"Esthetics plays a major role from orthodontic treatment to results. Gaining space in dental arch is the most important step in the treatment planning which can be achieved by different methods one of which is molar distalisation. There are a number of methods (Arch expansion, interproximal reduction, proclination of teeth, molar derotation, use of functional appliances) to gain space. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and specific indications. A child with class I bases and acceptable profile, with minimal space requirements for relief of crowding or mild protrusion can possibly be best treated without sacrifice of tooth material. Various intaoral and extraoral appliances have been invented using non-extraction treatment to distalise molars. Aim of distalization is to move molars distally so as to gain space. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various methods (intraoral & extraoral) used for molar distalization.","PeriodicalId":269485,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126399995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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