Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650460
S. Kimura, M. Ramdhani, Edwar
Nanosatellite is a small satellite weighing less than 10 g. One type of nanosatellite is a 1U CubeSat with a size (10×10×10) cm3. When orbiting the Earth, nanosatellites have two conditions, namely light time and eclipse time. Eclipse time is when the satellite does not get enough sunlight, while the primary energy resource of nanosatellite is sunlight. This final project will design a nanosatellite power supply with a battery charging and discharging system using a Battery charger IC. IC Battery charger has a power path feature that determines the power source of satellite power during light and eclipse times. The battery charging system is equipped with a float Voltage feature to keep the battery at its maximum capacity, temperature monitoring to maintain battery temperature and a minimum input Voltage to avoid Voltage drops. The discharge system features under Voltage protection to keep the battery Voltage at a safe level by reducing the bias current to <0.1 μA. by using float Voltage, temperature monitoring, minimum input Voltage and under Voltage protection. This system is expected to increase efficiency and keep the lifetime of the battery. The result of this project is that the battery can be charged with 1.05 Watt on minimum, where only one solar panel’s side is exposed to sunlight, 2.52 Watt when two sides are exposed, and 4.74 Watt when three sides are exposed to sunlight. Nanosatellite must turn off one of its modules when it’s minimum power. At the same time, nanosatellites can save 1.37 Watt when two panels work and 3.59 Watt when three panels work.
{"title":"Battery Charging System For Nanosatellite","authors":"S. Kimura, M. Ramdhani, Edwar","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650460","url":null,"abstract":"Nanosatellite is a small satellite weighing less than 10 g. One type of nanosatellite is a 1U CubeSat with a size (10×10×10) cm3. When orbiting the Earth, nanosatellites have two conditions, namely light time and eclipse time. Eclipse time is when the satellite does not get enough sunlight, while the primary energy resource of nanosatellite is sunlight. This final project will design a nanosatellite power supply with a battery charging and discharging system using a Battery charger IC. IC Battery charger has a power path feature that determines the power source of satellite power during light and eclipse times. The battery charging system is equipped with a float Voltage feature to keep the battery at its maximum capacity, temperature monitoring to maintain battery temperature and a minimum input Voltage to avoid Voltage drops. The discharge system features under Voltage protection to keep the battery Voltage at a safe level by reducing the bias current to <0.1 μA. by using float Voltage, temperature monitoring, minimum input Voltage and under Voltage protection. This system is expected to increase efficiency and keep the lifetime of the battery. The result of this project is that the battery can be charged with 1.05 Watt on minimum, where only one solar panel’s side is exposed to sunlight, 2.52 Watt when two sides are exposed, and 4.74 Watt when three sides are exposed to sunlight. Nanosatellite must turn off one of its modules when it’s minimum power. At the same time, nanosatellites can save 1.37 Watt when two panels work and 3.59 Watt when three panels work.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133377447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650502
N. Armi, Adira Nur Andiyani, H. Susilawati, C. Wael
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of nodes that are all located in the same area. Energy consumption is an important factor in WSN because sensor node power is limited and cannot be recharged. Communication will cease when the sensor node’s energy runs out, so this is related to network lifetime. Data transmission is a high-energy activity in WSNs, so we need a solution to this problem. This paper studies energy consumption and network lifetime in the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and LEACHPSO (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy- Particle Swarm Optimization) protocols. We compare these two protocols in case of energy consumption and network lifetime. The simulation results show that LEACH-PSO outperforms the LEACH protocol. However, in the LEACH-PSO protocol, the sensor node dies earlier than in the LEACH protocol.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the LEACH and LEACH-PSO Protocols on Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"N. Armi, Adira Nur Andiyani, H. Susilawati, C. Wael","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650502","url":null,"abstract":"A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of nodes that are all located in the same area. Energy consumption is an important factor in WSN because sensor node power is limited and cannot be recharged. Communication will cease when the sensor node’s energy runs out, so this is related to network lifetime. Data transmission is a high-energy activity in WSNs, so we need a solution to this problem. This paper studies energy consumption and network lifetime in the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and LEACHPSO (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy- Particle Swarm Optimization) protocols. We compare these two protocols in case of energy consumption and network lifetime. The simulation results show that LEACH-PSO outperforms the LEACH protocol. However, in the LEACH-PSO protocol, the sensor node dies earlier than in the LEACH protocol.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650493
Dwi S. Angreni, T. Ahmad
Reversible data hiding method can be implemented not only for images but also on other media such as audio. Data dimension changes are required to make an image-based data hiding method works in the audio domain and vice versa. For instance, 16-bit audio must be converted into an 8-bit image. An intelligent partitioning (IP) method was utilized to split the audio signals into segments of partitions. It modifies the size of the expansion media in audio data; thus, it applies to the image data hiding scheme. In this experiment, the image data hiding scheme is supported by an improved IP-based method. Two IP methods are proposed, aiming to maintain audio quality after embedding. The experimental results find that the second proposed IP method produces higher capacity values, and the first proposed IP method generates better quality results. This study also discovers that audio genres influence the performance of the proposed methods.
{"title":"Improved Intelligent Partitioning Scheme for Audio Data Hiding","authors":"Dwi S. Angreni, T. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650493","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible data hiding method can be implemented not only for images but also on other media such as audio. Data dimension changes are required to make an image-based data hiding method works in the audio domain and vice versa. For instance, 16-bit audio must be converted into an 8-bit image. An intelligent partitioning (IP) method was utilized to split the audio signals into segments of partitions. It modifies the size of the expansion media in audio data; thus, it applies to the image data hiding scheme. In this experiment, the image data hiding scheme is supported by an improved IP-based method. Two IP methods are proposed, aiming to maintain audio quality after embedding. The experimental results find that the second proposed IP method produces higher capacity values, and the first proposed IP method generates better quality results. This study also discovers that audio genres influence the performance of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133907739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650484
E. Kurniawan, Dimas W. Ramadhan, Elvan Yuniarti, H. Septanto
This paper presents a design strategy of an iterative learning controller (ILC) with a causal filter-based learning function for a class of non-minimum phase systems. The learning function is part of the ILC used to stabilize the ILC closed-loop system and determine the convergence rate of the system output. In this paper, we present the design of ILC’s learning function in the form of a stable and causal filter. An ILC’s stability condition in the frequency domain is employed to formulate the minimization problem. Then, an optimization tool is used to solve the minimization problem. Simulation on non-minimum phase plant with a relative degree one demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed design.
{"title":"Iterative Learning Controller with Causal Learning Function for a Class of Linear Mon-minimum Phase Systems","authors":"E. Kurniawan, Dimas W. Ramadhan, Elvan Yuniarti, H. Septanto","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650484","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design strategy of an iterative learning controller (ILC) with a causal filter-based learning function for a class of non-minimum phase systems. The learning function is part of the ILC used to stabilize the ILC closed-loop system and determine the convergence rate of the system output. In this paper, we present the design of ILC’s learning function in the form of a stable and causal filter. An ILC’s stability condition in the frequency domain is employed to formulate the minimization problem. Then, an optimization tool is used to solve the minimization problem. Simulation on non-minimum phase plant with a relative degree one demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed design.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"13 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650347
C. Wael, Suyoto, N. Armi, Arief Suryadi Satyawan, B. E. Sukoco, A. Subekti
To achieve its goal of providing higher communication capacity, 5G technology needs larger bandwidth availability, which is quite hard to be met in middle and low frequency bands. millimeter Wave (mmWave) has emerged as a solution for bandwidth scarcity on microwave bands frequencies. As one of its property is the short wavelength, mmWave is suitable for massive MIMO. Even though mmWave experience higher path loss, massive MIMO system can provide sufficient gains to compensate the serious signal attenuation by using the precoding technique. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of multi-user massive MIMO system over the mmWave channel. The geometric Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) model is employed to characterize small scale fading of mmWave massive MIMO channel. To further boost system performance and capacity of 5G communication system, we combine multi-user massive MIMO technique to GFDM waveform. As one of the new waveform candidates for 5G, previous studies suggest that GFDM displays better performance compared to OFDM. RZF precoding is employed to the transmitter side of a multi-user massive MIMO-GFDM system. BER performance are evaluated with different configurations of GFDM system and antenna parameters. Simulation results show that configuration with smaller roll-off factor (γ) achieves lowest BER. The combination of number of subcarrier and sub-symbol also contributes in BER performance. Higher number of BS antenna provides better BER value under low SNR. Overall, among the proposed configuration, massive MIMO-GFDM with K×M = 64×4 and γ = 0.1 outperforms others.
{"title":"Performance of Regularized Zero Forcing (RZF) Precoding for Multiuser Massive MIMO-GFDM System over mmWave Channel","authors":"C. Wael, Suyoto, N. Armi, Arief Suryadi Satyawan, B. E. Sukoco, A. Subekti","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650347","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve its goal of providing higher communication capacity, 5G technology needs larger bandwidth availability, which is quite hard to be met in middle and low frequency bands. millimeter Wave (mmWave) has emerged as a solution for bandwidth scarcity on microwave bands frequencies. As one of its property is the short wavelength, mmWave is suitable for massive MIMO. Even though mmWave experience higher path loss, massive MIMO system can provide sufficient gains to compensate the serious signal attenuation by using the precoding technique. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of multi-user massive MIMO system over the mmWave channel. The geometric Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) model is employed to characterize small scale fading of mmWave massive MIMO channel. To further boost system performance and capacity of 5G communication system, we combine multi-user massive MIMO technique to GFDM waveform. As one of the new waveform candidates for 5G, previous studies suggest that GFDM displays better performance compared to OFDM. RZF precoding is employed to the transmitter side of a multi-user massive MIMO-GFDM system. BER performance are evaluated with different configurations of GFDM system and antenna parameters. Simulation results show that configuration with smaller roll-off factor (γ) achieves lowest BER. The combination of number of subcarrier and sub-symbol also contributes in BER performance. Higher number of BS antenna provides better BER value under low SNR. Overall, among the proposed configuration, massive MIMO-GFDM with K×M = 64×4 and γ = 0.1 outperforms others.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650491
A’isya Nur Aulia Yusuf, Prima Dewi Purnamasari, F. Zulkifli
In research on microstrip patch antennas, increasing antenna gain is a challenge. Various techniques have been carried out to increase the gain of microstrip antennas. However, most of the implementations of this method generally requires computer resources with high computing and storage space and takes a lot of time to run the simulation. Therefore, machine learning methods are used to optimize the antenna design to reduce the iteration process and increase antenna gain. Genetic algorithm is one of the efficient optimization methods and has been widely used in the electromagnetic field. This paper will review and compare the implementation of genetic algorithms in the microstrip antenna design process to improve antenna gain.
{"title":"Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm: A Review","authors":"A’isya Nur Aulia Yusuf, Prima Dewi Purnamasari, F. Zulkifli","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650491","url":null,"abstract":"In research on microstrip patch antennas, increasing antenna gain is a challenge. Various techniques have been carried out to increase the gain of microstrip antennas. However, most of the implementations of this method generally requires computer resources with high computing and storage space and takes a lot of time to run the simulation. Therefore, machine learning methods are used to optimize the antenna design to reduce the iteration process and increase antenna gain. Genetic algorithm is one of the efficient optimization methods and has been widely used in the electromagnetic field. This paper will review and compare the implementation of genetic algorithms in the microstrip antenna design process to improve antenna gain.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121998524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650490
F. Rodríguez‐Morales, Vincent Occhiogrosso, E. Arnold
We developed a multichannel ultra-wideband radar RF front-end for measurements of snow cover thickness. We accomplished a significant reduction in weight, volume, power consumption and cost with respect to previous implementations, enabling the collection of multichannel data in nadir-looking mode by using an airborne sparse antenna array. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of the RF front-end, laboratory tests to validate its performance, and initial results from flight tests conducted with a compact radar demonstrator. We anticipate that the application of array processing techniques to the data collected will aid improving detection capabilities in areas with complex topography and/or significant surface roughness.
{"title":"Multichannel UWB Microwave Radar Front-End for Fine-Resolution Measurements of Terrestrial Snow Cover","authors":"F. Rodríguez‐Morales, Vincent Occhiogrosso, E. Arnold","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650490","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a multichannel ultra-wideband radar RF front-end for measurements of snow cover thickness. We accomplished a significant reduction in weight, volume, power consumption and cost with respect to previous implementations, enabling the collection of multichannel data in nadir-looking mode by using an airborne sparse antenna array. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of the RF front-end, laboratory tests to validate its performance, and initial results from flight tests conducted with a compact radar demonstrator. We anticipate that the application of array processing techniques to the data collected will aid improving detection capabilities in areas with complex topography and/or significant surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650485
U. Rafique, Shobit Agarwal
The design of a compact postcard-shaped antenna is presented for super wideband performance. The top side of the proposed antenna comprised of a modified rectangular patch, while an optimized partial ground plane with stair-shaped slots is designed on the bottom side, which helps to improve the impedance matching in the desired frequency range. The overall size of the antenna is 20 × 20 mm2. An impedance bandwidth of 27.25 GHz is observed starting from 2.75 GHz up to more than 30 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 166.4 %, a ratio bandwidth of 10.9: 1, and a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 5136. In addition, the observed peak gain of the proposed antenna is ∼ 5.56 dBi with an average gain of ∼ 3.4 dBi for the operating frequency range.
{"title":"Postcard Shaped Super Wideband Antenna with High BDR","authors":"U. Rafique, Shobit Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650485","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a compact postcard-shaped antenna is presented for super wideband performance. The top side of the proposed antenna comprised of a modified rectangular patch, while an optimized partial ground plane with stair-shaped slots is designed on the bottom side, which helps to improve the impedance matching in the desired frequency range. The overall size of the antenna is 20 × 20 mm2. An impedance bandwidth of 27.25 GHz is observed starting from 2.75 GHz up to more than 30 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 166.4 %, a ratio bandwidth of 10.9: 1, and a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 5136. In addition, the observed peak gain of the proposed antenna is ∼ 5.56 dBi with an average gain of ∼ 3.4 dBi for the operating frequency range.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124760856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650481
Y. Prabowo, I. Y. Putro, Y. Firmansyah, N. Chasanah, Abdurrasyid Ruhiyat, C. E. Santosa
This paper presents the design of real-time communication for UAV using an L-band geostationary satellite. The data latency from UAV to GCS and backward are analyzed to broaden the quality of its communication and real-time data. The major data that is used in UAV consists of telemetry, command, and control. Then, all data are passed on a satellite IP network using VPN and UDP protocol link. Four-parameter analyses such as flight mode, attitude response, waypoint response, and joystick response are applied when evaluating data results. The communication link designed in this study is the connectivity between GCS located at Chiba University of Japan and UAV at Pustekbang-LAPAN Bogor, Indonesia. Latency values from several parameters have been presented. Latency data is used to represent real-time data received by GCS to UAV and vice versa. In short, the latency is 2.742 s for manual - auto flight mode, 1.736 s for attitude response right roller, 1.474 s for pitch up, 20.612 s for reading waypoint, and 0.244 s for elevators joystick response. Furthermore, these data will be considered when developing UAV satellite communication systems.
{"title":"Design of IP Satellite Communication for Real Time UAV Telemetry Case: Japan – Indonesia Link","authors":"Y. Prabowo, I. Y. Putro, Y. Firmansyah, N. Chasanah, Abdurrasyid Ruhiyat, C. E. Santosa","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650481","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of real-time communication for UAV using an L-band geostationary satellite. The data latency from UAV to GCS and backward are analyzed to broaden the quality of its communication and real-time data. The major data that is used in UAV consists of telemetry, command, and control. Then, all data are passed on a satellite IP network using VPN and UDP protocol link. Four-parameter analyses such as flight mode, attitude response, waypoint response, and joystick response are applied when evaluating data results. The communication link designed in this study is the connectivity between GCS located at Chiba University of Japan and UAV at Pustekbang-LAPAN Bogor, Indonesia. Latency values from several parameters have been presented. Latency data is used to represent real-time data received by GCS to UAV and vice versa. In short, the latency is 2.742 s for manual - auto flight mode, 1.736 s for attitude response right roller, 1.474 s for pitch up, 20.612 s for reading waypoint, and 0.244 s for elevators joystick response. Furthermore, these data will be considered when developing UAV satellite communication systems.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129108554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650476
Ahmed A. Hussain, N. Tayem, A. Soliman
Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of highly correlated or coherent signals involve some preprocessing steps to de-correlate the signals before DOA estimates are computed. This increases the computational complexity of the estimation algorithms further, rendering hardware implementation a challenging task. In this paper, we present the hardware implementation of a novel and computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm for coherent sources based on applying forward/backward averaging to the signal space matrix to deal with the incident coherent signals. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a Virtex-5 FPGA using LabVIEW FPGA modules. Simulations results as well as FPGA resource utilization and computation speed are presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed method and the efficiency of hardware implementation.
{"title":"FPGA Hardware Implementation of Computationally Efficient DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals","authors":"Ahmed A. Hussain, N. Tayem, A. Soliman","doi":"10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650476","url":null,"abstract":"Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of highly correlated or coherent signals involve some preprocessing steps to de-correlate the signals before DOA estimates are computed. This increases the computational complexity of the estimation algorithms further, rendering hardware implementation a challenging task. In this paper, we present the hardware implementation of a novel and computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm for coherent sources based on applying forward/backward averaging to the signal space matrix to deal with the incident coherent signals. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a Virtex-5 FPGA using LabVIEW FPGA modules. Simulations results as well as FPGA resource utilization and computation speed are presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed method and the efficiency of hardware implementation.","PeriodicalId":269759,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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