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Identification of Cognitive Distraction Using Physiological Features for Adaptive Driving Safety Supporting System 基于生理特征的自适应驾驶安全支持系统认知分心识别
Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.1155/2013/817179
H. Kawanaka, M. Miyaji, Md. Shoaib Bhuiyan, K. Oguri
It was identified that traffic accidents relate closely to the driver’s mental and physical states immediately before the accident by our questionnaire survey. Distraction is one of the key human factors involved in traffic accidents. We reproduced driver’s cognitive distraction on a driving simulator by means of imposing cognitive loads such as doing arithmetic and having conversation while driving. Visual features such as test subjects’ gaze direction, pupil diameter, and head orientation, together with heart rate from ECG, were used in this study to detect the cognitive distraction. We improved detection accuracy obtained from earlier studies by using the AdaBoost. This paper also suggests a multiclass identification using Error-Correcting Output Coding, which can identify the degree of cognitive load. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of the multiclass identification by conducting a series of experiments. All these aimed at developing a constituent technology of a driver monitoring system that is expected to create adaptive driving safety supporting system to lower the number of traffic accidents.
通过问卷调查,我们发现交通事故与驾驶员在事故发生前的精神和身体状态密切相关。分心是导致交通事故的主要人为因素之一。我们通过在驾驶模拟器上施加认知负荷,如在驾驶时做算术和交谈,来重现驾驶员的认知分心。本研究使用被试的凝视方向、瞳孔直径、头部方向等视觉特征,以及心电图的心率来检测认知分心。我们使用AdaBoost提高了从早期研究中获得的检测精度。本文还提出了一种基于纠错输出编码的多类别识别方法,该方法可以识别认知负荷的程度。最后,通过一系列实验验证了多类识别的有效性。所有这些都是为了开发驾驶员监控系统的组成技术,以期创造自适应驾驶安全支持系统,以减少交通事故的发生。
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引用次数: 18
A Robust Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Synthesis Applied on Boost DC-DC Converter Power Supply for Electric Vehicle Propulsion System 一种鲁棒模糊滑模控制器综合应用于电动汽车推进系统升压DC-DC变换器电源
Pub Date : 2013-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2013/587687
B. Allaoua, B. Mébarki, A. Laoufi
The development of electric vehicles power electronics system control comprising of DC-AC inverters and DC-DC converters takes a great interest of researchers in the modern industry. A DC-AC inverter supplies the high power electric vehicle motors torques of the propulsion system and utility loads, whereas a DC-DC converter supplies conventional low-power, low-voltage loads. However, the need for high power bidirectional DC-DC converters in future electric vehicles has led to the development of many new topologies of DC-DC converters. Nonlinear control of power converters is an active area of research in the fields of power electronics. This paper focuses on a fuzzy sliding mode strategy (FSMS) as a control strategy for boost DC-DC converter power supply for electric vehicle. The proposed fuzzy controller specifies changes in the control signal based on the surface and the surface change knowledge to satisfy the sliding mode stability and attraction conditions. The performances of the proposed fuzzy sliding controller are compared to those obtained by a classical sliding mode controller. The satisfactory simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control law which reduces the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, the obtained results prove the robustness of the proposed control law against variation of the load resistance and the input voltage of the studied converter.
由DC-AC逆变器和DC-DC变换器组成的电动汽车电力电子系统控制的发展是现代工业研究人员非常感兴趣的问题。直流-交流逆变器提供推进系统和公用事业负载的大功率电动汽车电机扭矩,而直流-直流变换器提供传统的低功率,低压负载。然而,未来电动汽车对大功率双向DC-DC转换器的需求导致了许多新的DC-DC转换器拓扑的发展。电力变换器的非线性控制是电力电子领域的一个活跃研究领域。本文研究了一种模糊滑模策略作为电动汽车升压DC-DC变换器电源的控制策略。所提出的模糊控制器基于表面和表面变化知识来指定控制信号的变化,以满足滑模稳定性和吸引力条件。将所提出的模糊滑模控制器的性能与经典滑模控制器的性能进行了比较。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制律有效地降低了系统的抖振现象。结果表明,所提出的控制律对负载电阻和变换器输入电压的变化具有较好的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 11
ICT Innovations in Future Smart Cars 未来智能汽车的信息通信技术创新
Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134195
C. Dow, Cheng-Min Lin, W. Smari, Chien-Chung Wu, Kuo-Kun Tseng
1 Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan 2Department of Digital Living Innovation, Nan Kai University of Technology, No. 568, Chung Cheng Road, Tsao Tun 54243, Nantou, Taiwan 3 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Fairborn, OH 45324, USA 4Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, No. 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yung-Kang 71005, Tainan, Taiwan 5Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, D424, HIT Campus of Shenzhen, University Town, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
1 .丰甲大学信息工程与计算机系,台中市西温市文华路100号;2 .南开理工大学数字生活创新系,台中市曹屯中正路54243号;3 .美国费尔伯恩市巴尔航天科技有限公司,45324;4 .台南大学计算机科学与信息工程系,台南市永康市南泰街1号,71005;台湾5哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院,广东深圳南山西丽大学城哈尔滨工业大学深圳校区D424
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引用次数: 0
Multiple-Observation-Based Robust Channel and Doppler Estimation in High Mobility Applications 高移动应用中基于多观测的鲁棒信道和多普勒估计
Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2013/472154
M. J. Rahman, Jiaxin Yang
Channel estimation is a challenging task, especially in high mobility applications due to the rapid variation of the propagation environment. This paper presents a new technique that exploits past channel impulse responses (CIRs) in order to trace and compensate Doppler frequency in mobile applications, enabling robust estimation of time-varying channel. Based on the fact that channel taps at different time instants can be fitted with a sinusoidal wave, a joint estimator is proposed to estimate the channel parameters. Therefore, the efficiency of the channel estimation can be improved and stringent delay requirements for the communication systems can also be satisfied. Simulation results show that system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) is significantly improved with the proposed algorithm.
信道估计是一项具有挑战性的任务,特别是在高移动应用中,由于传播环境的快速变化。本文提出了一种利用过去信道脉冲响应(CIRs)来跟踪和补偿移动应用中的多普勒频率的新技术,使时变信道的鲁棒估计成为可能。基于不同时刻的通道抽头可以用正弦波拟合的特点,提出了一种联合估计器来估计通道参数。从而提高了信道估计的效率,满足了通信系统对时延的严格要求。仿真结果表明,该算法显著提高了系统的误码率。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of IEEE 1609 WAVE for Vehicular Communications IEEE 1609 WAVE在车载通信中的性能评价
Pub Date : 2013-05-07 DOI: 10.1155/2013/846016
J. Wen, Chien-Erh Weng
In IEEE 1609, it uses IEEE 802.11 Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism to access the channel. IEEE 802.11 EDCA is a new wireless technology for wireless access in the vehicular environment (WAVE). It defines a new supplement to the existing IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. In IEEE 802.11 EDCA, the aim is providing a QoS support. While the system serves different access categories (ACs), EDCA does not perform well under high load conditions. In order to improve the efficiency, we pay attention to the EDCA with transmit opportunity (TXOP) mechanism. We first proposed a Markov chain model and studied the behavior. We extend the model to support IEEE 802.11 EDCA and presented a more accurate analysis under nonideal channel environment. We also compared it with that without TXOP mechanism under channel error environment.
在IEEE 1609中,它使用IEEE 802.11增强分布式信道访问(EDCA)机制来访问信道。IEEE 802.11 EDCA是一种新的车载无线接入技术(WAVE)。它定义了对现有IEEE 802.11 MAC协议的一个新的补充。在IEEE 802.11 EDCA中,目标是提供QoS支持。当系统服务于不同的接入类别(ac)时,EDCA在高负载条件下表现不佳。为了提高效率,我们关注带有传输机会(TXOP)机制的EDCA。我们首先提出了一个马尔可夫链模型并对其行为进行了研究。我们将模型扩展到支持IEEE 802.11 EDCA,并在非理想信道环境下给出了更准确的分析。并在信道误差环境下与不带TXOP机制的系统进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
Vehicle Yaw Rate Estimation Using a Virtual Sensor 基于虚拟传感器的飞行器偏航率估计
Pub Date : 2013-04-24 DOI: 10.1155/2013/582691
M. T. Emirler, K. Kahraman, M. Sentürk, B. A. Güvenç, L. Guvenç, B. Efendioglu
Road vehicle yaw stability control systems like electronic stability program (ESP) are important active safety systems used for maintaining lateral stability of the vehicle. Vehicle yaw rate is the key parameter that needs to be known by a yaw stability control system. In this paper, yaw rate is estimated using a virtual sensor which contains kinematic relations and a velocity-scheduled Kalman filter. Kinematic estimation is carried out using wheel speeds, dynamic tire radius, and front wheel steering angle. In addition, a velocity-scheduled Kalman filter utilizing the linearized single-track model of the road vehicle is used in the dynamic estimation part of the virtual sensor. The designed virtual sensor is successfully tested offline using a validated, high degrees of freedom, and high fidelity vehicle model and using hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Moreover, actual road testing is carried out and the estimated yaw rate from the virtual sensor is compared with the actual yaw rate obtained from the commercial yaw rate sensor to demonstrate the effectiveness of the virtual yaw rate sensor in practical use.
电子稳定程序(ESP)等道路车辆偏航稳定控制系统是维持车辆横向稳定的重要主动安全系统。飞行器的横摆角速度是横摆稳定控制系统需要知道的关键参数。本文使用包含运动关系和速度调度卡尔曼滤波器的虚拟传感器来估计偏航率。利用车轮速度、动态轮胎半径和前轮转向角进行运动学估计。此外,在虚拟传感器的动态估计部分,利用道路车辆的线性化单轨道模型,采用速度调度卡尔曼滤波器。所设计的虚拟传感器使用经过验证的高自由度、高保真度车辆模型和硬件在环仿真成功地进行了离线测试。并进行了实际道路测试,将虚拟传感器估算的横摆角速度与商用横摆角速度传感器获得的实际横摆角速度进行了比较,验证了虚拟横摆角速度传感器在实际使用中的有效性。
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引用次数: 15
Human’s Overtrust in and Overreliance on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Theoretical Framework 人类对高级驾驶辅助系统的过度信任与过度依赖:一个理论框架
Pub Date : 2013-04-16 DOI: 10.1155/2013/951762
T. Inagaki, M. Itoh
This paper gives a theoretical framework to describe, analyze, and evaluate the driver’s overtrust in and overreliance on ADAS. Although “overtrust” and “overreliance” are often used as if they are synonyms, this paper differentiates the two notions rigorously. To this end, two aspects, (1) situation diagnostic aspect and (2) action selection aspect, are introduced. The first aspect is to describe overtrust, and it has three axes: (1-1) dimension of trust, (1-2) target object, and (1-3) chances of observation. The second aspect, (2), is to describe overreliance on the ADAS, and it has other three axes: (2-1) type of action selected, (2-2) benefits expected, and (2-3) time allowance for human intervention.
本文给出了一个理论框架来描述、分析和评估驾驶员对ADAS的过度信任和过度依赖。虽然“过度信任”和“过度依赖”经常被当作同义词使用,但本文严格区分了这两个概念。为此,介绍了两个方面:(1)情况诊断方面和(2)行动选择方面。第一个方面是描述过度信任,它有三个轴:(1-1)信任维度,(1-2)目标对象,(1-3)观察机会。第二个方面(2)是描述对ADAS的过度依赖,它有其他三个轴:(2-1)选择的行动类型,(2-2)预期的收益,(2-3)人为干预的时间允许。
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引用次数: 41
Modeling and Analysis of Connected Traffic Intersections Based on Modified Binary Petri Nets 基于改进二进制Petri网的连通交通交叉口建模与分析
Pub Date : 2013-04-04 DOI: 10.1155/2013/192516
O. Yaqub, Lingxi Li
We propose an approach for the modeling and analysis of two connected traffic intersections based on Petri nets (PNs). We first use a PN to model an isolated four-way signalized intersection; then we extend it to model two successive signalized intersections. We find that this model has unbounded places, which in turn results in some confliction problems. Hence, we introduce the concept of modified binary petri nets (MBPNs) to overcome the limitation and resolve the confliction problem when we design our model and its controller. This MBPN model is a powerful tool and can be useful for the modeling and analysis of many other traffic applications.
提出了一种基于Petri网(PNs)的双连通交通路口建模与分析方法。我们首先使用PN来模拟一个孤立的四路信号交叉口;然后将其推广到两个连续的信号交叉口。我们发现这个模型有无界的地方,这反过来又导致了一些冲突问题。因此,在设计模型及其控制器时,我们引入了改进二进制petri网(mbpn)的概念来克服这一限制并解决冲突问题。MBPN模型是一个强大的工具,可用于许多其他流量应用程序的建模和分析。
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引用次数: 9
Predicting Driver Behavior Using Field Experiment Data and Driving Simulator Experiment Data: Assessing Impact of Elimination of Stop Regulation at Railway Crossings 利用现场试验数据和驾驶模拟器试验数据预测驾驶员行为:评估铁路道口取消停车规定的影响
Pub Date : 2013-03-31 DOI: 10.1155/2013/912860
Toshihisa Sato, M. Akamatsu, Toru Shibata, Shingo Matsumoto, N. Hatakeyama, Kazunori Hayama
We investigated the impact of deregulating the presence of stop signs at railway crossings on car driver behavior. We estimated the probability that a driver would stop inside the crossing, thereby obstructing the tracks, when a lead vehicle suddenly stopped after the crossing and a stop regulation was eliminated. We proposed a new assessment method of the driving behavior as follows: first, collecting driving behavior data in a driving simulator and in a real road environment; then, predicting the probability based on the collected data. In the simulator experiment, we measured the distances between a lead vehicle and the driver’s vehicle and the driver’s response time to the deceleration of the leading vehicle when entering the railway crossing. We investigated the influence of the presence of two leading vehicles on the driver’s vehicle movements. The deceleration data were recorded in the field experiments. Slower driving speed led to a higher probability of stopping inside the railway crossing. The probability was higher when the vehicle in front of the leading vehicle did not slow down than when both the lead vehicle and the vehicle in front of it slowed down. Finally, advantages of our new assessment method were discussed.
我们调查了放松对铁路道口停车标志的管制对汽车驾驶员行为的影响。我们估计了当一辆领头车辆在道口后突然停车且停止规定被取消时,司机在道口内停车从而阻塞轨道的概率。提出了一种新的驾驶行为评估方法:首先,在驾驶模拟器和真实道路环境中采集驾驶行为数据;然后,根据收集到的数据预测概率。在模拟器实验中,我们测量了前导车辆与驾驶员车辆之间的距离,以及驾驶员在进入铁路道口时对前导车辆减速的响应时间。我们研究了两辆领先车辆的存在对驾驶员车辆运动的影响。在现场试验中记录了减速数据。较慢的驾驶速度导致在铁路道口内停车的可能性较高。前车不减速的概率比前车和前车都减速的概率要高。最后,讨论了新评价方法的优点。
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引用次数: 11
Palm Personal Identification for Vehicular Security with a Mobile Device 手持个人识别与移动设备的车辆安全
Pub Date : 2013-03-31 DOI: 10.1155/2013/901524
Chih-Yu Hsu, Pei-Shan Lee, K. Tseng, Yifan Li
Security certification is drawing more and more attention in recent years; the biometric technology is used in a variety of different areas of security certification. In this paper, we propose a palm image recognition method to identify an individual for vehicular application; it uses palm image as a key for detecting the car owner. We used mobile phone cameras to take palm images and performed a new identification approach by using feature regularization of palm contour. After identification is confirmed, the phone uses Bluetooth/WiFi to connect the car to unlock it. In our evaluation, the experiments show that our approach is effective and feasible.
安全认证近年来受到越来越多的关注;生物识别技术被用于各种不同的安全认证领域。在本文中,我们提出了一种手掌图像识别方法来识别车辆应用中的个人;它利用手掌图像作为钥匙来检测车主。利用手机相机拍摄掌纹图像,采用掌纹轮廓特征正则化方法进行识别。确认身份后,手机通过蓝牙/WiFi连接汽车进行解锁。在我们的评估中,实验表明我们的方法是有效和可行的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Vehicular Technology
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