This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Connecticut. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percent of the state budget for P–12 and higher education is identified.
{"title":"Connecticut","authors":"Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Connecticut. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percent of the state budget for P–12 and higher education is identified.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of Wisconsin is currently operating on the 2021–2023 biennial budget signed by Governor Tony Evers on July 8, 2021. Although the budget was intended to close the funding gaps, provide mental health support, and increased support for education throughout Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Public Education Network issued a press release indicating the new budget underserves students. Consequently, the focus for the 2023–2025 budget is on filling the gap left by the previous budget.
{"title":"Wisconsin","authors":"Crystal K. Santillanes","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"The state of Wisconsin is currently operating on the 2021–2023 biennial budget signed by Governor Tony Evers on July 8, 2021. Although the budget was intended to close the funding gaps, provide mental health support, and increased support for education throughout Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Public Education Network issued a press release indicating the new budget underserves students. Consequently, the focus for the 2023–2025 budget is on filling the gap left by the previous budget.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of P–12 and higher education funding in Oklahoma for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.
{"title":"Oklahoma","authors":"Vince Facione, Jeffrey Maiden, Stephoni Case","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The state of P–12 and higher education funding in Oklahoma for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines changes in educational funding for 2022 in the state of Arkansas in the United States. Arkansas is a low-income state and is regularly ranked as one of the three poorest states in the nation. The election of Sarah Huckabee Sanders in 2022 as Arkansas’ first female governor brought promises of educational change. She proposed a minimum of $50,000 starting teacher salary, up from the current $36,000. She also proposed allowing state funds to be used for private education or homeschooling. The legislature increased the amount of aid per pupil from $7,182 to $7,413 for the 2022–2023 school year and increased most categorical funding by 2%. Arkansas uses a productivity funding model to fund higher education but caps the increase per year to 2%. Since the model exceeded the 2% cap, higher education institutions received less money than the model projected necessary to operate. Currently, there is a discussion between the governor and legislature to eliminate the state income tax. Without an alternative source of income, public schools and colleges will have a challenging future.
{"title":"Arkansas","authors":"Steve Bounds","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines changes in educational funding for 2022 in the state of Arkansas in the United States. Arkansas is a low-income state and is regularly ranked as one of the three poorest states in the nation. The election of Sarah Huckabee Sanders in 2022 as Arkansas’ first female governor brought promises of educational change. She proposed a minimum of $50,000 starting teacher salary, up from the current $36,000. She also proposed allowing state funds to be used for private education or homeschooling. The legislature increased the amount of aid per pupil from $7,182 to $7,413 for the 2022–2023 school year and increased most categorical funding by 2%. Arkansas uses a productivity funding model to fund higher education but caps the increase per year to 2%. Since the model exceeded the 2% cap, higher education institutions received less money than the model projected necessary to operate. Currently, there is a discussion between the governor and legislature to eliminate the state income tax. Without an alternative source of income, public schools and colleges will have a challenging future.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Wyoming state legislature holds the responsibility of establishing and funding the education system, as outlined in the state constitution. The funding formula for K–12 education in Wyoming adjusts every 5 years and considers factors like inflation and regional cost differences. The state spends approximately $18,144 per public school student annually and allows districts to set their own open enrollment policies. Charter schools, under local school board jurisdiction, receive around $400,000 per year for lease payments, while privatized and religiously affiliated schools are ineligible to become charter schools. A failed legislative bill aimed to reimburse parents for private school or homeschooling expenses. In the 2022–2024 Wyoming state budget, $1.523 billion in state funding is allocated to the basic support formula for the 2022–2023 school year, with an additional $245.4 million for K–12 capital construction and major maintenance. Property taxes serve as the primary revenue source for K-12 education, and the state also utilizes the Permanent Wyoming Mineral Trust Fund and other permanent funds for supplemental investment income. Wyoming ranks among the top 10 states with the highest per pupil spending, with a state pupil expenditure of approximately $16,224 in 2023.
{"title":"Wyoming","authors":"Dustin Parrish","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The Wyoming state legislature holds the responsibility of establishing and funding the education system, as outlined in the state constitution. The funding formula for K–12 education in Wyoming adjusts every 5 years and considers factors like inflation and regional cost differences. The state spends approximately $18,144 per public school student annually and allows districts to set their own open enrollment policies. Charter schools, under local school board jurisdiction, receive around $400,000 per year for lease payments, while privatized and religiously affiliated schools are ineligible to become charter schools. A failed legislative bill aimed to reimburse parents for private school or homeschooling expenses. In the 2022–2024 Wyoming state budget, $1.523 billion in state funding is allocated to the basic support formula for the 2022–2023 school year, with an additional $245.4 million for K–12 capital construction and major maintenance. Property taxes serve as the primary revenue source for K-12 education, and the state also utilizes the Permanent Wyoming Mineral Trust Fund and other permanent funds for supplemental investment income. Wyoming ranks among the top 10 states with the highest per pupil spending, with a state pupil expenditure of approximately $16,224 in 2023.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Executive Budget reflects Governor Hochul’s strong commitment to education by providing additional funding and services to meet the needs of students, teachers, and schools amid the pandemic. New York school spending will be pushed to new heights by the latest state budget, which boosts state aid to schools by $2 billion, or 7.2%, including a permanent, phased-in, and multiyear “foundation aid” formula boost. On top of that, New York schools last year were handed another $9 billion in special “emergency relief fund” aid via the Biden administration’s American Rescue Plan.
{"title":"New York","authors":"Osnat Zaken","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"The Executive Budget reflects Governor Hochul’s strong commitment to education by providing additional funding and services to meet the needs of students, teachers, and schools amid the pandemic. New York school spending will be pushed to new heights by the latest state budget, which boosts state aid to schools by $2 billion, or 7.2%, including a permanent, phased-in, and multiyear “foundation aid” formula boost. On top of that, New York schools last year were handed another $9 billion in special “emergency relief fund” aid via the Biden administration’s American Rescue Plan.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following manuscript of State of the States reviews Louisiana’s education funding environment for both P–12 and higher education systems. Among the highlights of this year’s budget are substantial investments in education. Funding priorities for P–12 include additional dollars for early childhood education programs to help increase access for disadvantaged children in the state. Pay raises have been slated for teachers, public school personnel, and higher education faculty. Conversely, an issue facing several institutions in the state is low enrollment. Higher education continues to experience the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, with declining college enrollment statewide and additional impacts as far-reaching as student financial assistance. Finally, dollar amounts and percentages are provided for per pupil expenditures and state allocations for P–12 and higher education.
{"title":"Louisiana","authors":"Sharda Jackson Smith, Venice M. Adams","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The following manuscript of State of the States reviews Louisiana’s education funding environment for both P–12 and higher education systems. Among the highlights of this year’s budget are substantial investments in education. Funding priorities for P–12 include additional dollars for early childhood education programs to help increase access for disadvantaged children in the state. Pay raises have been slated for teachers, public school personnel, and higher education faculty. Conversely, an issue facing several institutions in the state is low enrollment. Higher education continues to experience the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, with declining college enrollment statewide and additional impacts as far-reaching as student financial assistance. Finally, dollar amounts and percentages are provided for per pupil expenditures and state allocations for P–12 and higher education.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for New Hampshire. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.
{"title":"New Hampshire","authors":"Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for New Hampshire. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of P12 and higher education funding in West Virginia for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state.
{"title":"West Virginia","authors":"Jesseka Martin, Jeffrey Maiden","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The state of P12 and higher education funding in West Virginia for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an update on public school finance in the state of Idaho. The article includes updated information regarding the following topics: funding priorities for P–12, changes to the funding formula for P–12, pressing state issues affecting P–12, and exclusive to P–12, what are the alternatives to traditional public schools offered by your state and what does the trend in funding look like for these alternatives. As of 2022, the state of Idaho maintains the lowest per pupil expenditure (PPE) in the nation, ranking 51st when including the District of Columbia. Idaho’s PPE was $8,376 in 2021, which comes in at 58% of the national average of $14,360. The average Idaho teacher’s salary is $51,817 which ranks 45th in the nation. Idaho also ranks last in K–12 education support staff average earnings at $25,830. However, the state of Idaho interestingly ranks 17th in the area of student achievement. The legislature voted to temporarily change its funding formula to an enrollment-based calculation for the 2021–2022 school year. Governor Little vetoed House Bill 723, which means the funding formula will switch back to an average daily attendance calculation in 2023–2024. The major funding priorities for the state of Idaho related to education are as follows: funding the Career Ladder, full-day kindergarten, teacher compensation, literacy initiative, and the opportunity scholarship. A couple of pressing state issues for Idaho include the teacher shortage and the public school funding formula, which is always a topic of possible revision.
{"title":"Idaho","authors":"Clay Webber","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an update on public school finance in the state of Idaho. The article includes updated information regarding the following topics: funding priorities for P–12, changes to the funding formula for P–12, pressing state issues affecting P–12, and exclusive to P–12, what are the alternatives to traditional public schools offered by your state and what does the trend in funding look like for these alternatives. As of 2022, the state of Idaho maintains the lowest per pupil expenditure (PPE) in the nation, ranking 51st when including the District of Columbia. Idaho’s PPE was $8,376 in 2021, which comes in at 58% of the national average of $14,360. The average Idaho teacher’s salary is $51,817 which ranks 45th in the nation. Idaho also ranks last in K–12 education support staff average earnings at $25,830. However, the state of Idaho interestingly ranks 17th in the area of student achievement. The legislature voted to temporarily change its funding formula to an enrollment-based calculation for the 2021–2022 school year. Governor Little vetoed House Bill 723, which means the funding formula will switch back to an average daily attendance calculation in 2023–2024. The major funding priorities for the state of Idaho related to education are as follows: funding the Career Ladder, full-day kindergarten, teacher compensation, literacy initiative, and the opportunity scholarship. A couple of pressing state issues for Idaho include the teacher shortage and the public school funding formula, which is always a topic of possible revision.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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