Alaska’s FY2022 budget priorities for education remained unchanged, with funding for P–12 education in first place and the University of Alaska system in fourth. In addition to funding, Alaska directed the creation of new literacy programs, allowed opportunities for State–Tribal Education Compact Schools, and established a separate fund in the treasury to protect funds for the university system. A change to the funding formula for P–12 was realized in an increase in Base Student Allocation for FY2023, the first increase since FY2017. Alaska faces pressing issues with shortages of teachers and housing, as well as the high costs of goods and services across the state.
{"title":"Alaska","authors":"Amy L. Dagley","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Alaska’s FY2022 budget priorities for education remained unchanged, with funding for P–12 education in first place and the University of Alaska system in fourth. In addition to funding, Alaska directed the creation of new literacy programs, allowed opportunities for State–Tribal Education Compact Schools, and established a separate fund in the treasury to protect funds for the university system. A change to the funding formula for P–12 was realized in an increase in Base Student Allocation for FY2023, the first increase since FY2017. Alaska faces pressing issues with shortages of teachers and housing, as well as the high costs of goods and services across the state.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary and secondary education Ohio public school funding for FY2022 and FY2023 is estimated at $11.4 billion in FY2022, the first year of the state’s biennium budget (a $518.7 million increase), and is estimated at $11.65 billion in FY2023, the second year of the state budget (a $255.6 million increase), representing approximately $1.3 billion in new state spending during the biennium. The General elief Fund (GRF) portion of these appropriations is $8.27 billion in FY2022 and $8.45 billion in FY2023. This represents growth of $389.9 million, or 4.9%, in FY2022, and another $175.5 million, or 2.1%, in FY2023. Lottery appropriations exceed $1.3 billion in both fiscal years. State education spending in this biennium represents the largest commitment of state appropriations. Much of this money is distributed through a new foundation funding formula.
{"title":"Ohio","authors":"Randall S. Vesely","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Primary and secondary education Ohio public school funding for FY2022 and FY2023 is estimated at $11.4 billion in FY2022, the first year of the state’s biennium budget (a $518.7 million increase), and is estimated at $11.65 billion in FY2023, the second year of the state budget (a $255.6 million increase), representing approximately $1.3 billion in new state spending during the biennium. The General elief Fund (GRF) portion of these appropriations is $8.27 billion in FY2022 and $8.45 billion in FY2023. This represents growth of $389.9 million, or 4.9%, in FY2022, and another $175.5 million, or 2.1%, in FY2023. Lottery appropriations exceed $1.3 billion in both fiscal years. State education spending in this biennium represents the largest commitment of state appropriations. Much of this money is distributed through a new foundation funding formula.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Budgeting on a biennium basis, Hawai’i has two education budgets with appropriations of more than $2 billion for 2022–2023. A strong budget flush with COVID-19 relief funds and higher-than-expected tax revenues are funding priorities that include recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting pre-pandemic shortfalls, and new advancing education initiatives. Hawai’i uses a weighted student formula with adjustments made at the beginning of each biennium. Weight increases for English learners and homeless students are recent changes to the funding formula. Charter schools serve as one alternative to traditional public schools and students in charter schools receive equalized student funding. Hawai’i is unique among the states because it has a single school system for the entire state and a single university system. The University of Hawai’i system budget is about 6% of the state education budget and P-12 schools, including libraries and charter schools, are about 21% of the state’s budget. One of the most challenging school finance issues facing Hawai’i’s leaders is how to use the excess funds in the current budget to have the maximum impact on schools in a manner that is sustainable in the future.
{"title":"Hawai’i","authors":"Brenda Mendiola","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Budgeting on a biennium basis, Hawai’i has two education budgets with appropriations of more than $2 billion for 2022–2023. A strong budget flush with COVID-19 relief funds and higher-than-expected tax revenues are funding priorities that include recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting pre-pandemic shortfalls, and new advancing education initiatives. Hawai’i uses a weighted student formula with adjustments made at the beginning of each biennium. Weight increases for English learners and homeless students are recent changes to the funding formula. Charter schools serve as one alternative to traditional public schools and students in charter schools receive equalized student funding. Hawai’i is unique among the states because it has a single school system for the entire state and a single university system. The University of Hawai’i system budget is about 6% of the state education budget and P-12 schools, including libraries and charter schools, are about 21% of the state’s budget. One of the most challenging school finance issues facing Hawai’i’s leaders is how to use the excess funds in the current budget to have the maximum impact on schools in a manner that is sustainable in the future.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Maine. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P–12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.
{"title":"Maine","authors":"Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Maine. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P–12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides an in-depth examination of South Carolina’s educational budget for the year 2023, focusing on both the K-12 and higher education sectors. As a critical aspect of the state’s commitment to fostering a robust and equitable education system, the allocation and utilization of financial resources play a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education provided to students. In the K-12 sector, this study highlights the budgetary priorities set forth by the state government, such as increasing teacher base pay, expanding full-day 4k programs for at-risk children, placing more school resource officers in schools, and funding computer science and coding instruction. Regarding higher education, this research highlights decreased funding for needs-based grants, tuition mitigation, and funding to mitigate instructor shortages in nursing schools.
{"title":"South Carolina","authors":"Majdouline Aziz, Mazen Aziz, Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an in-depth examination of South Carolina’s educational budget for the year 2023, focusing on both the K-12 and higher education sectors. As a critical aspect of the state’s commitment to fostering a robust and equitable education system, the allocation and utilization of financial resources play a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education provided to students. In the K-12 sector, this study highlights the budgetary priorities set forth by the state government, such as increasing teacher base pay, expanding full-day 4k programs for at-risk children, placing more school resource officers in schools, and funding computer science and coding instruction. Regarding higher education, this research highlights decreased funding for needs-based grants, tuition mitigation, and funding to mitigate instructor shortages in nursing schools.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of New Jersey for FY2022. The state of New Jersey’s per pupil expenditure rate is among the highest in the nation. The public education funding formula is a complex, student-based design that has bever been fully funded by the legislature. The New Jersey legislature passed the largest state budget in history during the 2021 session at $46.4 billion. The education budget is approximately 20% of the entire state budget. New Jersey public schools will receive $9.9 billion, an increase of $650 million in funding. Since 2018, the Murphy administration has increased K–12 formula aid by more than $1.8 billion. Charter schools are the main alternative to traditional public schooling in New Jersey. As of June 2021, there are 91 charter schools and approximately 57,453 students enrolled in these programs within the state. The major issues impacting P–12 include underfunded pension plans, equity of school funding, and special education funding. The legislature approved the governor’s recommended addition of $649.8 million in K–12 formula aid. This increase puts New Jersey on track to fully fund the formula by 2025.
{"title":"New Jersey","authors":"Clay Webber","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of New Jersey for FY2022. The state of New Jersey’s per pupil expenditure rate is among the highest in the nation. The public education funding formula is a complex, student-based design that has bever been fully funded by the legislature. The New Jersey legislature passed the largest state budget in history during the 2021 session at $46.4 billion. The education budget is approximately 20% of the entire state budget. New Jersey public schools will receive $9.9 billion, an increase of $650 million in funding. Since 2018, the Murphy administration has increased K–12 formula aid by more than $1.8 billion. Charter schools are the main alternative to traditional public schooling in New Jersey. As of June 2021, there are 91 charter schools and approximately 57,453 students enrolled in these programs within the state. The major issues impacting P–12 include underfunded pension plans, equity of school funding, and special education funding. The legislature approved the governor’s recommended addition of $649.8 million in K–12 formula aid. This increase puts New Jersey on track to fully fund the formula by 2025.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Governor Brian Kemp has consistently prioritized educational funding in Georgia. Education funding in Georgia represented approximately half of the state budget, with most of the funding going to the P–12 school systems. Multiple salary raises and other financial incentives have created a positive outlook in Georgia, especially for the K–12 school system. Higher education is experiencing a few financial pitfalls as enrollment continues to decrease. Georgia spends approximately $11,500 per pupil, consistent with the national average. One priority in Georgia is to revise the outdated state formula for funding education. Multiple legislators, educators, and other stakeholders have started the initial stages of outlining the need for revisions.
{"title":"Georgia","authors":"Arvin D. Johnson, Randy Vesely","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Governor Brian Kemp has consistently prioritized educational funding in Georgia. Education funding in Georgia represented approximately half of the state budget, with most of the funding going to the P–12 school systems. Multiple salary raises and other financial incentives have created a positive outlook in Georgia, especially for the K–12 school system. Higher education is experiencing a few financial pitfalls as enrollment continues to decrease. Georgia spends approximately $11,500 per pupil, consistent with the national average. One priority in Georgia is to revise the outdated state formula for funding education. Multiple legislators, educators, and other stakeholders have started the initial stages of outlining the need for revisions.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of P–12 and higher education funding in South Dakota for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.
{"title":"South Dakota","authors":"Seth Meier, Jeffrey Maiden","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The state of P–12 and higher education funding in South Dakota for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren G. Epps, Davíd G. Martínez, Patrick D. Bennett
New Mexico’s legislature updates its omnibus budget and school finance policy yearly. This manuscript is intended to provide an overview of that budget and the implementation of those yearly changes.
{"title":"New Mexico","authors":"Lauren G. Epps, Davíd G. Martínez, Patrick D. Bennett","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"New Mexico’s legislature updates its omnibus budget and school finance policy yearly. This manuscript is intended to provide an overview of that budget and the implementation of those yearly changes.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, Rhode Island has undergone significant transformations in its education funding and priorities. The state’s education funding formula, established in 2010, reached full implementation in 2021, with the central principle that funding should accompany the student. During FY2022, Rhode Island allocated over $1.074 trillion in state education aid, emphasizing early childhood education, school resource officers, and extended-day programs as priorities aligned with its 2021–2025 Strategic Plan for P-12 Education. In higher education, the state expanded resources, adding 33 FTE positions. Although the core funding formula remained unchanged, ongoing evaluation ensured its adaptability to educational goals. Challenges in Rhode Island education funding include COVID-19 responses, student mental health, English language proficiency, and school infrastructure. Rhode Island also offers alternatives to traditional public schools, including charter schools, private schools, and homeschooling.
{"title":"Rhode Island","authors":"Jacob D. Skousen","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, Rhode Island has undergone significant transformations in its education funding and priorities. The state’s education funding formula, established in 2010, reached full implementation in 2021, with the central principle that funding should accompany the student. During FY2022, Rhode Island allocated over $1.074 trillion in state education aid, emphasizing early childhood education, school resource officers, and extended-day programs as priorities aligned with its 2021–2025 Strategic Plan for P-12 Education. In higher education, the state expanded resources, adding 33 FTE positions. Although the core funding formula remained unchanged, ongoing evaluation ensured its adaptability to educational goals. Challenges in Rhode Island education funding include COVID-19 responses, student mental health, English language proficiency, and school infrastructure. Rhode Island also offers alternatives to traditional public schools, including charter schools, private schools, and homeschooling.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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