Mississippi’s P–12 schooling system remains underfunded according to the funding requirements dictated through the Mississippi Adequate Education Program. Nevertheless, Mississippi is progressively improving teacher pay in an attempt to attract and retain teachers. Funding from the Federal American Rescue Plan Act was spent concurrently with planned tax cuts that may further complicate funding challenges going forward.
根据密西西比充分教育计划规定的资金要求，密西西比州的P-12教育系统仍然资金不足。尽管如此，密西西比州正在逐步提高教师的工资，试图吸引和留住教师。来自《美国联邦救援计划法案》(Federal American Rescue Plan Act)的资金与计划中的减税同时使用，这可能会使未来的资金挑战进一步复杂化。
{"title":"Mississippi","authors":"Jason Kopanke","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Mississippi’s P–12 schooling system remains underfunded according to the funding requirements dictated through the Mississippi Adequate Education Program. Nevertheless, Mississippi is progressively improving teacher pay in an attempt to attract and retain teachers. Funding from the Federal American Rescue Plan Act was spent concurrently with planned tax cuts that may further complicate funding challenges going forward.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis reveals that California’s 2023 educational budget reflects a continued commitment to investment in education. With a growing emphasis on equitable access and quality education, the state government has made significant efforts to address the needs of both K-12 and higher education institutions. For the K-12 sector, the research highlights budget funding towards supporting English Language Learners, improving classroom resources, and expanding access to performing and visual arts. Additionally, the budget supports before/after and outside-of-school expanded learning programs. The study identifies increased funding for public universities and colleges in higher education, aiming to enhance affordability, expand student aid programs, and strengthen housing resources. The research also uncovers several challenges within California’s educational budget, such as a severe shortage of qualified and skilled academic workforce brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"California","authors":"Majdouline Aziz, Mazen Aziz","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0047","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis reveals that California’s 2023 educational budget reflects a continued commitment to investment in education. With a growing emphasis on equitable access and quality education, the state government has made significant efforts to address the needs of both K-12 and higher education institutions. For the K-12 sector, the research highlights budget funding towards supporting English Language Learners, improving classroom resources, and expanding access to performing and visual arts. Additionally, the budget supports before/after and outside-of-school expanded learning programs. The study identifies increased funding for public universities and colleges in higher education, aiming to enhance affordability, expand student aid programs, and strengthen housing resources. The research also uncovers several challenges within California’s educational budget, such as a severe shortage of qualified and skilled academic workforce brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Maine. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P–12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.
{"title":"Maine","authors":"Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"This State of the States issue covers the education funding environment for Maine. Funding priorities for P–12 and higher education, changes to the funding formula for P–12 education, pressing state issues affecting P–12 and higher education funding, and topics exclusive to P–12 are assessed. State per pupil expenditures, allocation of state dollars, and the percentage of the state budget for P–12 and higher education are identified.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Budgeting on a biennium basis, Hawai’i has two education budgets with appropriations of more than $2 billion for 2022–2023. A strong budget flush with COVID-19 relief funds and higher-than-expected tax revenues are funding priorities that include recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting pre-pandemic shortfalls, and new advancing education initiatives. Hawai’i uses a weighted student formula with adjustments made at the beginning of each biennium. Weight increases for English learners and homeless students are recent changes to the funding formula. Charter schools serve as one alternative to traditional public schools and students in charter schools receive equalized student funding. Hawai’i is unique among the states because it has a single school system for the entire state and a single university system. The University of Hawai’i system budget is about 6% of the state education budget and P-12 schools, including libraries and charter schools, are about 21% of the state’s budget. One of the most challenging school finance issues facing Hawai’i’s leaders is how to use the excess funds in the current budget to have the maximum impact on schools in a manner that is sustainable in the future.
{"title":"Hawai’i","authors":"Brenda Mendiola","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Budgeting on a biennium basis, Hawai’i has two education budgets with appropriations of more than $2 billion for 2022–2023. A strong budget flush with COVID-19 relief funds and higher-than-expected tax revenues are funding priorities that include recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting pre-pandemic shortfalls, and new advancing education initiatives. Hawai’i uses a weighted student formula with adjustments made at the beginning of each biennium. Weight increases for English learners and homeless students are recent changes to the funding formula. Charter schools serve as one alternative to traditional public schools and students in charter schools receive equalized student funding. Hawai’i is unique among the states because it has a single school system for the entire state and a single university system. The University of Hawai’i system budget is about 6% of the state education budget and P-12 schools, including libraries and charter schools, are about 21% of the state’s budget. One of the most challenging school finance issues facing Hawai’i’s leaders is how to use the excess funds in the current budget to have the maximum impact on schools in a manner that is sustainable in the future.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides an in-depth examination of South Carolina’s educational budget for the year 2023, focusing on both the K-12 and higher education sectors. As a critical aspect of the state’s commitment to fostering a robust and equitable education system, the allocation and utilization of financial resources play a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education provided to students. In the K-12 sector, this study highlights the budgetary priorities set forth by the state government, such as increasing teacher base pay, expanding full-day 4k programs for at-risk children, placing more school resource officers in schools, and funding computer science and coding instruction. Regarding higher education, this research highlights decreased funding for needs-based grants, tuition mitigation, and funding to mitigate instructor shortages in nursing schools.
{"title":"South Carolina","authors":"Majdouline Aziz, Mazen Aziz, Sharda Jackson Smith","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an in-depth examination of South Carolina’s educational budget for the year 2023, focusing on both the K-12 and higher education sectors. As a critical aspect of the state’s commitment to fostering a robust and equitable education system, the allocation and utilization of financial resources play a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education provided to students. In the K-12 sector, this study highlights the budgetary priorities set forth by the state government, such as increasing teacher base pay, expanding full-day 4k programs for at-risk children, placing more school resource officers in schools, and funding computer science and coding instruction. Regarding higher education, this research highlights decreased funding for needs-based grants, tuition mitigation, and funding to mitigate instructor shortages in nursing schools.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of New Jersey for FY2022. The state of New Jersey’s per pupil expenditure rate is among the highest in the nation. The public education funding formula is a complex, student-based design that has bever been fully funded by the legislature. The New Jersey legislature passed the largest state budget in history during the 2021 session at $46.4 billion. The education budget is approximately 20% of the entire state budget. New Jersey public schools will receive $9.9 billion, an increase of $650 million in funding. Since 2018, the Murphy administration has increased K–12 formula aid by more than $1.8 billion. Charter schools are the main alternative to traditional public schooling in New Jersey. As of June 2021, there are 91 charter schools and approximately 57,453 students enrolled in these programs within the state. The major issues impacting P–12 include underfunded pension plans, equity of school funding, and special education funding. The legislature approved the governor’s recommended addition of $649.8 million in K–12 formula aid. This increase puts New Jersey on track to fully fund the formula by 2025.
{"title":"New Jersey","authors":"Clay Webber","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of New Jersey for FY2022. The state of New Jersey’s per pupil expenditure rate is among the highest in the nation. The public education funding formula is a complex, student-based design that has bever been fully funded by the legislature. The New Jersey legislature passed the largest state budget in history during the 2021 session at $46.4 billion. The education budget is approximately 20% of the entire state budget. New Jersey public schools will receive $9.9 billion, an increase of $650 million in funding. Since 2018, the Murphy administration has increased K–12 formula aid by more than $1.8 billion. Charter schools are the main alternative to traditional public schooling in New Jersey. As of June 2021, there are 91 charter schools and approximately 57,453 students enrolled in these programs within the state. The major issues impacting P–12 include underfunded pension plans, equity of school funding, and special education funding. The legislature approved the governor’s recommended addition of $649.8 million in K–12 formula aid. This increase puts New Jersey on track to fully fund the formula by 2025.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of P–12 and higher education funding in South Dakota for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.
{"title":"South Dakota","authors":"Seth Meier, Jeffrey Maiden","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The state of P–12 and higher education funding in South Dakota for fiscal year 2021–2022 is provided. Descriptions of current trends in statewide funding priorities, changes or modifications to state funding formulae, nontraditional funding issues in the state (such as vouchers, charter, and virtual schooling), and critical issues in education finance in the state are discussed.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren G. Epps, Davíd G. Martínez, Patrick D. Bennett
New Mexico’s legislature updates its omnibus budget and school finance policy yearly. This manuscript is intended to provide an overview of that budget and the implementation of those yearly changes.
{"title":"New Mexico","authors":"Lauren G. Epps, Davíd G. Martínez, Patrick D. Bennett","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"New Mexico’s legislature updates its omnibus budget and school finance policy yearly. This manuscript is intended to provide an overview of that budget and the implementation of those yearly changes.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, Rhode Island has undergone significant transformations in its education funding and priorities. The state’s education funding formula, established in 2010, reached full implementation in 2021, with the central principle that funding should accompany the student. During FY2022, Rhode Island allocated over $1.074 trillion in state education aid, emphasizing early childhood education, school resource officers, and extended-day programs as priorities aligned with its 2021–2025 Strategic Plan for P-12 Education. In higher education, the state expanded resources, adding 33 FTE positions. Although the core funding formula remained unchanged, ongoing evaluation ensured its adaptability to educational goals. Challenges in Rhode Island education funding include COVID-19 responses, student mental health, English language proficiency, and school infrastructure. Rhode Island also offers alternatives to traditional public schools, including charter schools, private schools, and homeschooling.
{"title":"Rhode Island","authors":"Jacob D. Skousen","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, Rhode Island has undergone significant transformations in its education funding and priorities. The state’s education funding formula, established in 2010, reached full implementation in 2021, with the central principle that funding should accompany the student. During FY2022, Rhode Island allocated over $1.074 trillion in state education aid, emphasizing early childhood education, school resource officers, and extended-day programs as priorities aligned with its 2021–2025 Strategic Plan for P-12 Education. In higher education, the state expanded resources, adding 33 FTE positions. Although the core funding formula remained unchanged, ongoing evaluation ensured its adaptability to educational goals. Challenges in Rhode Island education funding include COVID-19 responses, student mental health, English language proficiency, and school infrastructure. Rhode Island also offers alternatives to traditional public schools, including charter schools, private schools, and homeschooling.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Governor Brian Kemp has consistently prioritized educational funding in Georgia. Education funding in Georgia represented approximately half of the state budget, with most of the funding going to the P–12 school systems. Multiple salary raises and other financial incentives have created a positive outlook in Georgia, especially for the K–12 school system. Higher education is experiencing a few financial pitfalls as enrollment continues to decrease. Georgia spends approximately $11,500 per pupil, consistent with the national average. One priority in Georgia is to revise the outdated state formula for funding education. Multiple legislators, educators, and other stakeholders have started the initial stages of outlining the need for revisions.
{"title":"Georgia","authors":"Arvin D. Johnson, Randy Vesely","doi":"10.3138/jehr-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Governor Brian Kemp has consistently prioritized educational funding in Georgia. Education funding in Georgia represented approximately half of the state budget, with most of the funding going to the P–12 school systems. Multiple salary raises and other financial incentives have created a positive outlook in Georgia, especially for the K–12 school system. Higher education is experiencing a few financial pitfalls as enrollment continues to decrease. Georgia spends approximately $11,500 per pupil, consistent with the national average. One priority in Georgia is to revise the outdated state formula for funding education. Multiple legislators, educators, and other stakeholders have started the initial stages of outlining the need for revisions.","PeriodicalId":269791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Human Resources","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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