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Tax Planning in Personal Income Tax: A Systematic Literature Review 个人所得税中的税收筹划:系统的文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p126-135
Abdurrauf Umar, I.F.A. Prawira, M. Kustiawan
The systematic literature review analyses and synthesizes research conducted regarding personal income tax planning within the time period of 2012 to 2022, 30 articles were reviewed. The review discovered that most of the articles dwelled mostly on unincorporated businesses and their owners/entrepreneurs/sole proprietors/investors as well as those articles that discussed issues relating to tax authorities’ regulations on personal income tax. The articles reviewed, gave insights on issues relating to personal income tax planning of wealth transfers, such as inheritance and bequest; gifts and inta-vivos; deathbed planning, etc. Importantly, they provided insights into how unincorporated businesses and entrepreneurs can optimize their disposable income through good personal income tax planning. In addition to the above, it highlighted such financial instruments that were resorted to, the most by taxpayers, which made their personal income tax planning more effective. (life insurance policies are the most widely used tax-saving tool, followed by provident funds and tax-saving fixed deposits, loans for homes and schools, National Savings Certificates, unit-linked insurance plans, health insurance plans, and equity-linked savings schemes, Infrastructure Bonds, in that order); we also found out that  government strategies that influenced tax planning in favour of the state include: cooperation, increased uncertainty, creation of models, and maintaining a friendly atmosphere to avoid aggressive tax planning and improve revenue. Finally, direction for future research was suggested. 
系统的文献综述对2012年至2022年期间有关个人所得税筹划的研究进行了分析和综合,共审阅了30篇文章。审查发现,大多数文章主要集中在非法人企业及其所有者/企业家/独资经营者/投资者,以及讨论税务机关对个人所得税的规定问题的文章。文章的审查,提出了有关个人所得税规划的财富转移,如继承和遗赠问题的见解;礼品和活体;临终计划等。重要的是,他们为非法人企业和企业家如何通过良好的个人所得税规划来优化他们的可支配收入提供了见解。除此之外,它还强调了纳税人使用最多的金融工具,这使得他们的个人所得税规划更加有效。(人寿保险单是最广泛使用的节税工具,其次是公积金和节税定期存款、住房和学校贷款、国民储蓄证书、单位挂钩保险计划、健康保险计划和股票挂钩储蓄计划、基础设施债券);我们还发现,影响税收筹划的政府策略包括:合作、增加不确定性、创造模式、保持友好的氛围,以避免激进的税收筹划和提高收入。最后,对今后的研究方向提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Dapatkah Efikasi Diri Memediasi Pengaruh Kompetensi Kejuruan Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Siswa di Bidang Akuntansi ? 自我证明能对学生的会计工作准备产生职业能力的影响吗?
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p198-210
Ananda Gilang Ismoyo, Eko Wahjudi
The purpose of this research is to prove the role of self-efficacy as a mediator between vocational competence and work readiness in grade 12 students of SMKN Mojoagung in the 2022/2023 academic year. This type of research is explanatory with a quantitative approach. Primary data collection in this research uses a questionnaire. Processing and analysis of data in this research using SEM-PLS analysis. The results of this research indicate that vocational competence cannot directly influence work readiness, self-efficacy can directly influence work readiness, self-efficacy is directly influenced by vocational competence, self-efficacy can be a mediating variable between vocational competence and work readiness in class 12 AKL students at SMKN Mojoagung for the academic year 2022/2023. In this research self-efficacy acts as a full mediation. For further researchers, it is hoped that they can expand the sample in one district or wider to strengthen the research findings , increase the variables studied such as family support, career maturity and time, and can be add the test for instrument development.
本研究的目的是为了证明自我效能感在2022/2023学年SMKN Mojoagung高中12年级学生的职业能力和工作准备之间的中介作用。这种类型的研究是用定量方法来解释的。本研究的主要数据收集采用问卷调查。本研究采用SEM-PLS分析对数据进行处理和分析。本研究结果表明,在2022/2023学年,SMKN Mojoagung大学12班学生中,职业能力不能直接影响工作准备,自我效能感直接影响工作准备,自我效能感直接受到职业能力的影响,自我效能感可以作为职业能力与工作准备之间的中介变量。在本研究中,自我效能感起到了充分的中介作用。对于进一步的研究,希望他们能够扩大一个地区或更广泛的样本来加强研究成果,增加家庭支持、职业成熟度和时间等研究变量,并可以增加仪器开发的测试。
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引用次数: 0
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Studi Kasus Untuk Membentuk Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) “Studi Kasus Di PTS X Surabaya” 基于案例研究的学习效能,形成会计学生对企业社会责任的看法(CSR)“PTS X泗水案例研究”
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p136-147
Yenny Sugiarti, Ni Luh Putu Tresna Santhi
Education about CSR will shape students' understanding and perceptions of CSR, so that higher education, especially accounting majors must determine appropriate learning methods so that students understand and have positive perceptions about CSR. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the case-based learning method to form positive perceptions about CSR for accounting students when online learning is carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted at the accounting department of PTS X, a private university in Surabaya.This study used a mixed method between qualitative analysis which was obtained the data through interviews, document analysis and observation and was strengthened by the results of descriptive statistics whose data were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 67 students. The results of this study indicate that the case study-based learning method is still effective in forming positive perceptions of accounting students about CSR even though learning is carried out online during pandemic. Accounting students have a good understanding of the responsibilities that must be carried out by companies, not only economic responsibilities but also legal responsibility, ethical responsibility, stewardship principle, company employee-relationship, and social responsibility. The results of this study also show that students perceive that CSR is beneficial for companies. This research was conducted with  one shot study, so it does not measure the difference between before and after study CSR. Future research is expected to be carried out using a longitudinal model or a cross-sectional model so that can measure the differences in perceptions between before and after study CSR.
企业社会责任教育将塑造学生对企业社会责任的理解和认知,因此高等教育,特别是会计专业必须确定合适的学习方法,使学生理解并对企业社会责任产生积极的认知。本研究的目的是确定基于案例的学习方法在COVID-19大流行期间进行在线学习时对会计学生形成积极的企业社会责任认知的有效性。这项研究是在泗水一所私立大学PTS X的会计系进行的。本研究采用访谈法、文献分析法和观察法进行定性分析,并通过对67名学生进行问卷调查,得到描述性统计的结果。本研究的结果表明,基于案例研究的学习方法仍然有效地形成会计学生对企业社会责任的积极看法,即使学习是在疫情期间在线进行的。会计学专业的学生能够很好地理解公司必须承担的责任,不仅是经济责任,还有法律责任、道德责任、管理原则、公司员工关系和社会责任。本研究的结果还显示,学生认为企业社会责任对公司有益。本研究采用的是单次研究,因此没有衡量研究前后CSR的差异。未来的研究预计将使用纵向模型或横截面模型进行,以便可以衡量研究企业社会责任前后的认知差异。
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引用次数: 0
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning Pada Materi Harga Pokok Proses Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK e - lto开发基于概念教学和学习的基本成本材料,以提高学生SMK批判性思维能力
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p211-227
Ervina Novita Sari, Agung Listiadi
This study aim to produce digital-based teaching materials in the form of E-LKPD using Contexual Teaching and Learning (CTL) by using the Application Flip Pdf Professional and integrated with activities that can train critical thinking skills of vocational students. This study uses the development model of Thiagarajan and Semmel (1974) which consists of 4 stages (define, design, develop, disseminate) due to time constraints the research was only carried out up to stage develop. The results of this study obtained are that the development of the E-LKPD that has been carried out can be categorized as very feasible with an average value of the validity test from material expert, language expert, graphic experts of 88.25%. The development of the E-LKPD received a very good response from students with a practicality analysis score of 97.19%. The E-LKPD that has been developed is effective in intensify students' critical thinking skills as evidenced by testing N-Gain score who obtained an average score of 61.83% which can be categorized as moderate based on the results of the critical thinking skills test. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed E-LKPD is categorized as valid and very feasible and can effectively improve the critical thinking skills of SMK students.
本研究旨在以情境教学(CTL)为基础,利用应用翻转Pdf专业版,结合训练中职学生批判性思维能力的活动,制作E-LKPD形式的数位教材。本研究使用Thiagarajan和Semmel(1974)的开发模型,该模型由4个阶段(定义,设计,开发,传播)组成,由于时间限制,研究只进行到阶段开发。本研究得出的结果是,已开展的E-LKPD开发具有很强的可行性,材料专家、语言专家、图形专家的效度测试平均值为88.25%。E-LKPD的开发得到了学生们非常好的反应,实用性分析得分为97.19%。我们开发的E-LKPD在强化学生的批判性思维能力方面是有效的,通过测试N-Gain得分可以证明,学生的平均得分为61.83%,根据批判性思维技能测试的结果可以将其归类为中等。因此,开发的E-LKPD是有效的,非常可行的,可以有效地提高SMK学生的批判性思维技能。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Rasio Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Struktur Modal, dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan 利润率、企业规模、资本结构和股息政策对企业价值的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p185-197
Angela Irena, R. Hendarmin, R. Pebriani
This study aims to empirically prove the effect of profitability ratio, company size, capital structure, and dividend policy on company value. The method used in selecting research samples is purposive sampling technique. The sample of this study was 19 food and beverage companies listed on the IDX from 2019 to 2021 with a 3-year observation period of 57 company samples. The data analysis model used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis model with a tool in the form of statistical software known as SPSS 26. The results of this study show that (1) the profitability ratio (X1), company size (X2), capital structure (X3), and dividend policy (X4) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the value of the company; (2) the profitability ratio (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company (PBV); (3) the size of the company (X2) has no positive and significant effect on the value of the company (PBV); (4) capital structure (X3) positively and significantly affects the value of the company (PBV); (5) dividend policy (X4) has no positive and significant effect on the value of the company (PBV).
本研究旨在实证证明利润率、公司规模、资本结构和股利政策对公司价值的影响。选择研究样本的方法是有目的抽样技术。本研究以2019 - 2021年在IDX上市的19家食品饮料公司为样本,对57家公司样本进行了为期3年的观察期。本研究中使用的数据分析模型是一个多元线性回归分析模型,使用的工具以统计软件的形式称为SPSS 26。本研究结果表明:(1)盈利能力比率(X1)、公司规模(X2)、资本结构(X3)和股利政策(X4)同时对公司价值具有显著的正向影响;(2)盈利能力比率(X1)对公司价值(PBV)有显著正向影响;(3)公司规模(X2)对公司价值(PBV)无显著正向影响;(4)资本结构(X3)正向显著影响公司价值(PBV);(5)股利政策(X4)对公司价值(PBV)无显著正向影响。
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引用次数: 0
Potret Peran Pajak Daerah pada Saat Sebelum dan Setelah Pandemi Covid-19 当地税收在Covid-19大流行前后的作用画像
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p108-125
Elviana Andrian Nova W. P, K. N. L. Chamalinda
Covid-19 pandemic is a challenge for the regional government of Nganjuk Regency which is currently intensively realizing massive regional development. Various special policies continue to be made in order to optimize regional taxes as PAD source. This study aims to explore growth rate, effectiveness, and contribution of local taxes as a PAD source between before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, also the role of the Bapenda in efforts to increase regional taxes as PAD source. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The results of the study show that the growth rate of local taxes over a period of three years has a positive value indicating an increase in revenue performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Judging from the effectiveness analysis, local tax performance is still categorized as very effective despite the reduced target in 2020 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the contribution of local taxes as a PAD source is categorized as moderate and has always decreased in the last three years. Entertainment tax is a local tax that has the lowest growth, effectiveness, and contribution rates over the last three years, so that the role of Bapenda as an authorized agency is needed. This research also shows that there were not many differences in the role of Bapenda between before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of awareness and compliance of taxpayers is the main obstacle that forces Bapenda to be directly involved in implementing various work programs.
新冠肺炎疫情对正在抓紧实现区域大发展的蒙古国自治州政府来说是一个挑战。继续制定各种特殊政策,以优化区域税收作为PAD来源。本研究旨在探讨新冠肺炎疫情前后地方税作为PAD来源的增长率、有效性和贡献,以及《议程》在努力增加地方税作为PAD来源方面的作用。本研究采用定量描述方法。研究结果表明,3年间地方税增长率为正值,表明新冠疫情期间税收业绩有所提高。从实效性分析来看,虽然受新冠肺炎疫情影响,地方税收在2020年下调了目标,但仍然被评为“非常有效”。相反,地方税作为民主民主联盟财源的贡献被归类为“适度”,最近3年一直在减少。娱乐税是近3年来增长率、实效性、缴纳率最低的地方税,因此有必要发挥代理机构的作用。该研究还表明,新冠疫情前后,“巴enda”的作用并没有太大差异。纳税人缺乏意识和遵守是迫使巴enda直接参与实施各种工作方案的主要障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Value Universitas dan Perilaku Cyber Cheating: Analisis Teori Fraud Diamond 价值大学和网络行为骗子:钻石欺诈理论分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p175-184
Falentine Yessyani Basot, Dielanova Wynni Yuanita, Christine Novita Dewi
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that drive accounting students to commit academic fraud based on the fraud diamond theory (pressure, opportunity, rationalization and ability) and technology abuse by considering university values. This study used purposive sampling as a sampling method using a questionnaire. The sample of this research was 170 Bachelor of Accounting students at Christian Private University, Yogyakarta. The data analysis method was processed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Specifically, the SEM method chosen is Partial Least Square (PLS) because it can be used to analyze data with a small number of samples (Hair et al, 2014). The results of this study succeeded in proving that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and misuse of technology have a significant positive effect on academic cheating. This revealed that students who study at universities with Christian values still separate spiritual interests and academic achievements.
本研究的目的是基于欺诈钻石理论(压力,机会,合理化和能力)和考虑大学价值观的技术滥用来研究驱动会计学生进行学术欺诈的因素。本研究采用目的性抽样作为抽样方法,采用问卷调查法。本研究以日惹基督教私立大学会计学学士170名学生为样本。数据分析方法采用结构方程模型(SEM)。具体来说,所选择的SEM方法是偏最小二乘(PLS),因为它可以用于分析少量样本的数据(Hair et al, 2014)。本研究结果成功地证明了压力、机会、合理化、能力和技术滥用对学术作弊有显著的正向影响。这表明,在基督教价值观的大学学习的学生仍然将精神兴趣和学术成就分开。
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引用次数: 0
Accounting Student Perceptions toward Online Flipped Statistics Course and Effective Methods to Promote Engagement, Increase Satisfaction, and Improve Self-Efficacy 会计学生对线上翻转统计课程的认知及提升参与度、满意度及自我效能感的有效方法
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p148-163
Irene Budi Nim. Prastiwi, Sukasah Syahdan
The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated many educational institutions in the world to adapt their delivery method from conventional (offline) teaching/learning to online methods, and one of the methods is the Flipped Classroom. Nonetheless, the shift from offline classroom instruction to online learning must ensure its long-term quality, which can be effectively delivered to students. Thus, this study investigates the effectiveness of the an online flipped classroom teaching model as perceived by learners, applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample for this study includes 41 accounting students taking an online statistics course in their 5th and 7th semesters in a private university in Indonesia. The methods are both quantitative—employed through a questionnaire—and qualitative through applied semi-structured interviews as well as for analyzing the collected corpus. Ultimately, the study concludes that, in terms of student engagement, satisfaction, and efficacy, the flipped classroom method is effective. Lastly, the significance of the research shows recommendations for improving the application of the flipped classroom approach in the current context of online learning amidst the prevailing policy in Indonesia and beyond.
2019冠状病毒病大流行促使世界上许多教育机构将其教学方法从传统的(线下)教学方法调整为在线方法,其中一种方法是翻转课堂。然而,从线下课堂教学到在线学习的转变必须保证其长期质量,并能有效地传递给学生。因此,本研究调查了由于COVID-19大流行而应用的学习者感知的在线翻转课堂教学模式的有效性。本研究的样本包括41名在印度尼西亚一所私立大学的会计专业学生,他们在他们的第五和第七学期参加了在线统计学课程。这些方法是定量的(通过问卷调查)和定性的(通过应用半结构化访谈以及分析收集的语料库)。最终,研究得出结论,就学生的参与度、满意度和有效性而言,翻转课堂方法是有效的。最后,本研究的重要性显示了在印度尼西亚和其他国家的现行政策下,在当前在线学习背景下改进翻转课堂方法应用的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Peranan Dewan Komisaris Terhadap Risk Disclosure Pada Perbankan Umum Di Indonesia 专员委员会在印度尼西亚公共银行风险披露中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n2.p164-174
Hendro Lukman, A. Cahyadi
Risk Disclosure in annual reports is needed for third parties to get a complete picture of the annual report and the company. One of those who play a role in the risk disclosure policy is the Board of Commissioners. This study aims to analyze the effect of the size of the Board of Commissioners, Independent Commissioners and Board of Commissioners Meetings on risk disclosure in public banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 – 2021. The research methodology used in this study is a quantitative method. Sampling using purposive sampling method. Valid data is 159 data from 35 general banking companies. Data were processed using multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that the size of the Board of Commissioners, Independent Commissioners, and Board of Commissioners Meetings had a positive effect on Risk Disclosure. The implication of this study is the role of shareholders in selecting and appointing members of the board of commissioners who have competency compatibility with the company's business so that they can provide clear information to stakeholders, as well as minimize the occurrence of information asymmetry between management and shareholders. In addition, investors can also use risk disclosure information to consider the company's business in the future.  
为了让第三方全面了解年报和公司,年报中的风险披露是必要的。在风险披露政策中发挥作用的机构之一是委员会。本研究旨在分析2017 - 2021年期间在印尼证券交易所上市的公共银行公司的董事会规模、独立委员会规模和董事会会议规模对风险披露的影响。本研究采用的研究方法是定量方法。抽样采用目的抽样法。有效数据为来自35家普通银行公司的159个数据。采用IBM SPSS 25版软件对数据进行多元回归分析。结果表明,董事会规模、独立委员会规模和董事会会议规模对风险披露具有正向影响。本研究的意义在于股东在选择和任命与公司业务胜任能力相匹配的董事会成员方面的作用,使他们能够向利益相关者提供清晰的信息,并最大限度地减少管理层与股东之间信息不对称的发生。此外,投资者还可以利用风险披露信息来考虑公司未来的经营状况。
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引用次数: 0
Teknologi Finansial, E-Commerce, Perkembangan Alternatif Pembayaran dan Kinerja Bisnis Toko Online: Suatu Kajian pada Mahasiswa Ekonomi dan Bisnis 金融技术、电子商务、替代支付和在线商店业务表现的发展:经济学和商业学生的一项研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.26740/jpak.v11n1.p87-95
Muhammad Rakib, Siti Arafah, Dian Anugrah Sanusi
This study aims to reveal the influence of financial technology, e-commerce on the development of payment alternatives and the performance of student online shop businesses. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The research population was all FEB UNM students who were active in the even semester of 2022, namely 3124 people and a sample of 97 respondents, taken by Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, questionnaires and documentation. The analysis used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that financial technology and E-commerce both simultaneously and partially have a significant influence on payment alternatives and online shop business performance.
本研究旨在揭示金融科技、电子商务对支付方式发展和学生网店业务绩效的影响。本研究采用一种定量研究方法。研究对象为2022年偶数学期活跃的FEB - UNM学生,共3124人,97人,采用简单随机抽样法。数据收集技术是通过观察、调查表和文件来进行的。使用的分析是多元回归分析。研究结果表明,金融技术和电子商务同时或部分地对支付方式和网上商店经营绩效产生显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
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