Background : Adequate sexual expression is an essential part of many human relationships, and may enhance quality of life and provide a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression isassociated with impairments of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. However, few investigators have reported the base rate for disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm or ejaculation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) prior to antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in 60 patients with MDD and examine the relationship between SD and quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction variables. Materials and Methods : A consecutive series of 24 male and 36 female MDD patients diagnosed by SCID-DSM IV assessment completed a series of psychometric measures including a Sexual Function QuestionnaireASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale) which asked about change in sexual interest and function as well as quality of life of life enjoyment using QLESQ-SF. Results: Over 33.33% of men and 42% of women reported decreased sexual interest. Reduced levels of arousal were more common in both men and women (8-22%) than ejaculatory or orgasm difficulties (1116%). In women, SDs were more than males. Quality oflife was more impaired in sample with SDs than those without dysfunction showing significant impact of SD on quality of life. Limitation and Conclusion: Although limited by a relatively small sample of drug-free patients with MDD, and by the absence of a non-depressed comparison sample, these results emphasize the importance of factors beyond specific drug effects in the assessment of SD in drug naive-depressed patients.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder and its Relation to Quality of Life","authors":"Ranjan Das, O. Singh, R. G. Thakurta, S. Sen","doi":"10.5005/ejp-17-1-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-17-1-21","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Adequate sexual expression is an essential part of many human relationships, and may enhance quality of life and provide a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression isassociated with impairments of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. However, few investigators have reported the base rate for disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm or ejaculation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) prior to antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in 60 patients with MDD and examine the relationship between SD and quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction variables. Materials and Methods : A consecutive series of 24 male and 36 female MDD patients diagnosed by SCID-DSM IV assessment completed a series of psychometric measures including a Sexual Function QuestionnaireASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale) which asked about change in sexual interest and function as well as quality of life of life enjoyment using QLESQ-SF. Results: Over 33.33% of men and 42% of women reported decreased sexual interest. Reduced levels of arousal were more common in both men and women (8-22%) than ejaculatory or orgasm difficulties (1116%). In women, SDs were more than males. Quality oflife was more impaired in sample with SDs than those without dysfunction showing significant impact of SD on quality of life. Limitation and Conclusion: Although limited by a relatively small sample of drug-free patients with MDD, and by the absence of a non-depressed comparison sample, these results emphasize the importance of factors beyond specific drug effects in the assessment of SD in drug naive-depressed patients.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcohol related diseases affect 5-10% of the world's population each year. Medical illness is a common consequence of heavy drinking. Chronic and excessive alcohol ingestion is one of the major causes of liver diseases. Laboratory testing can assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. Laboratory testing can also assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. This purposive cross sectional study aims to compare the values of hepatic enzymes along with total protein in a group of chronic alcoholics and a matched controlled group. 25 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence syndrome were recruited and were applied AUDIT. The values of the hepatic enzymes were significantly raised along with reversal of the albumin globulin ratio in majority of the cases. Multiple physical problems were also observed in the study group.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Liver Function Test in a Group of Persons with Alcohol Dependence Disorder","authors":"Anumita Pushilal, K. N. Kalita","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-21","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol related diseases affect 5-10% of the world's population each year. Medical illness is a common consequence of heavy drinking. Chronic and excessive alcohol ingestion is one of the major causes of liver diseases. Laboratory testing can assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. Laboratory testing can also assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. This purposive cross sectional study aims to compare the values of hepatic enzymes along with total protein in a group of chronic alcoholics and a matched controlled group. 25 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence syndrome were recruited and were applied AUDIT. The values of the hepatic enzymes were significantly raised along with reversal of the albumin globulin ratio in majority of the cases. Multiple physical problems were also observed in the study group.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132190803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug addiction is one of the most burning problems of the whole world. A number of studies have shown that drug abuse is associated with a high risk for suicidal behavior, which is likely to reflect common contributing factors as well as the effects of drugs on mood. Alcohol and other drug use and abuse occur more frequently among youth and adults. Depression and drug abuse appear to be more lethal in combination than either factor is alone. Alcohol and other drugs abuse problems contribute to suicidal behavior in several ways. In addition to being depressed, they are also likely to have social and financial problems. Drug abuse can be common among persons who are impulsive, and among persons who engage in many types of high risk behaviors. There are a number of effective prevention efforts that reduce the risk for drug abuse. Future Research may direct treatments specifically for persons with drug abuse problems who also have suicidal ideations.
{"title":"Suicidal Behavior in Drug Abused Patients","authors":"A. Brahma","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-71","url":null,"abstract":"Drug addiction is one of the most burning problems of the whole world. A number of studies have shown that drug abuse is associated with a high risk for suicidal behavior, which is likely to reflect common contributing factors as well as the effects of drugs on mood. Alcohol and other drug use and abuse occur more frequently among youth and adults. Depression and drug abuse appear to be more lethal in combination than either factor is alone. Alcohol and other drugs abuse problems contribute to suicidal behavior in several ways. In addition to being depressed, they are also likely to have social and financial problems. Drug abuse can be common among persons who are impulsive, and among persons who engage in many types of high risk behaviors. There are a number of effective prevention efforts that reduce the risk for drug abuse. Future Research may direct treatments specifically for persons with drug abuse problems who also have suicidal ideations.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122542313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Legislation in the field of mental health is required to protect human rights of the patients, and to provide for legislative procedures for admission into mental health facilities. After a long and protracted course, the Mental Health Act (MHA) – 1987 was enacted by the Government of India (GOI). Though it contained many progressive features of advancement over the previous India Lunacy Act (ILA) – 1912, it failed to come up to expectation due to various inherent drawbacks and other factors. After ratification of the UNCRPD by India, it became imperative to amend the existing MHA – 1987. The drafting team, which has been assigned duty to prepare the new and amended proposal of the MHA by the Ministry of Health & FW, GOI, issued a draft of a new Act, the Mental Health Care Act on 06.12.10. This proposed draft gives special stress to human rights of persons with mental illness, and makes it obligatory for the government to establish a mental health care delivery system which can be accessed by all. It also proposes to establish Mental Health Review Commission (MHRC) to review admissions to mental health facilities and to ensure human rights of persons of mental illness and State Mental Health Authority (SMHA) to perform various functions like registration and supervision of mental health facilities and other functions related to mental health services. All stake holders are being consulted in the process. But the professionals have reservations on some of its provisions. Stands of the professionals in mental health and those of the human right activists are frequently at variance with each other. Activist groups are pressing for stiff control on psychiatric institutions and practically a ban on involuntary admissions to mental health facilities. Suggestions for improvement in the proposed draft are given.
{"title":"The Quest for an Ideal Mental Health Act","authors":"C. Narayan, R. Jaiswal","doi":"10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-50","url":null,"abstract":": Legislation in the field of mental health is required to protect human rights of the patients, and to provide for legislative procedures for admission into mental health facilities. After a long and protracted course, the Mental Health Act (MHA) – 1987 was enacted by the Government of India (GOI). Though it contained many progressive features of advancement over the previous India Lunacy Act (ILA) – 1912, it failed to come up to expectation due to various inherent drawbacks and other factors. After ratification of the UNCRPD by India, it became imperative to amend the existing MHA – 1987. The drafting team, which has been assigned duty to prepare the new and amended proposal of the MHA by the Ministry of Health & FW, GOI, issued a draft of a new Act, the Mental Health Care Act on 06.12.10. This proposed draft gives special stress to human rights of persons with mental illness, and makes it obligatory for the government to establish a mental health care delivery system which can be accessed by all. It also proposes to establish Mental Health Review Commission (MHRC) to review admissions to mental health facilities and to ensure human rights of persons of mental illness and State Mental Health Authority (SMHA) to perform various functions like registration and supervision of mental health facilities and other functions related to mental health services. All stake holders are being consulted in the process. But the professionals have reservations on some of its provisions. Stands of the professionals in mental health and those of the human right activists are frequently at variance with each other. Activist groups are pressing for stiff control on psychiatric institutions and practically a ban on involuntary admissions to mental health facilities. Suggestions for improvement in the proposed draft are given.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124051899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Culture shapes the perception and expression of distress .The occurrence of somatization varies across socio cultural groups and seems to be influenced by psychosocial factors. The study was conducted on somatization patients selected from outpatient unit of LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam. The data was collected in a period of three months from September to November, 2008. Subjects fulfilling the criteria of the study were evaluated for socio demographic variables and clinical presentation on semi structured proforma and thereafter the Bradford Somatic Inventory 1, Satisfaction with Life Scale 2 , Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support 3 ,WHO Wellbeing Index (1998) 4 and Perceived Stress Scale 5 were administered. Women have consistently been shown to report more somatic symptoms than men. Perceived social supports and perceived stress was found to have a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction. Wellbeing was found to be poor in the most of the patients and was found to have a significant positive correlation with perceived stress. Somatization is common in all ethno cultural groups and societies studied to date. The importance of demographics, psychosocial functioning, perceived stress, availability of social support was emphasized in the explanation of somatization tendencies among the subjects in the present study.
{"title":"Culture and Somatization: A Psycho Social Perspective","authors":"Arif Ali, S. Deuri, A. Baruah, S. K. Deuri","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-28","url":null,"abstract":"Culture shapes the perception and expression of distress .The occurrence of somatization varies across socio cultural groups and seems to be influenced by psychosocial factors. The study was conducted on somatization patients selected from outpatient unit of LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam. The data was collected in a period of three months from September to November, 2008. Subjects fulfilling the criteria of the study were evaluated for socio demographic variables and clinical presentation on semi structured proforma and thereafter the Bradford Somatic Inventory 1, Satisfaction with Life Scale 2 , Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support 3 ,WHO Wellbeing Index (1998) 4 and Perceived Stress Scale 5 were administered. Women have consistently been shown to report more somatic symptoms than men. Perceived social supports and perceived stress was found to have a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction. Wellbeing was found to be poor in the most of the patients and was found to have a significant positive correlation with perceived stress. Somatization is common in all ethno cultural groups and societies studied to date. The importance of demographics, psychosocial functioning, perceived stress, availability of social support was emphasized in the explanation of somatization tendencies among the subjects in the present study.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127619671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pushpa Lnu, D. Prasad, Smita Hemrom, K. S. Sengar, P. Singh, A. Singh
: Cognition is the word often used to describe the fundamental capacity to think. Its disturbance in depression is probably what most bothers patients and their families and not the symptoms, they are usually used to measure and diagnose the condition. It has also become clear that depression has an enduring impact on memory function, attention and other domains of cognition with major implication for neurological explanation of depression. Cognitive functions have thus become an increasingly central target for emergent interest and relevance. These developments have also reignited interest in patient experience and the possibility that may be blunted in depression, but also as a consequence of its treatment. Past studies on depression have documented cognitive dysfunctions significantly. Aim - In this study an attempt was made to assess and compare the cognitive impairment in depressive patients and normal subjects. Methodology- The sample was selected from Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS). Hindi adaptation of Cognitive Symptoms Checklist and Beck Depression Inventory were administered on 50 depressive patients and 50 normal controls. Results of the study suggest significant difference in cognitive functions between depressive patients and normal subjects. Depressive patients showed more deficits in Attention, Memory and Executive Functioning on Cognitive Symptoms Checklist (CSC) than normal controls.
{"title":"Cognitive Dysfunctions in Depressive Patients","authors":"Pushpa Lnu, D. Prasad, Smita Hemrom, K. S. Sengar, P. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-24","url":null,"abstract":": Cognition is the word often used to describe the fundamental capacity to think. Its disturbance in depression is probably what most bothers patients and their families and not the symptoms, they are usually used to measure and diagnose the condition. It has also become clear that depression has an enduring impact on memory function, attention and other domains of cognition with major implication for neurological explanation of depression. Cognitive functions have thus become an increasingly central target for emergent interest and relevance. These developments have also reignited interest in patient experience and the possibility that may be blunted in depression, but also as a consequence of its treatment. Past studies on depression have documented cognitive dysfunctions significantly. Aim - In this study an attempt was made to assess and compare the cognitive impairment in depressive patients and normal subjects. Methodology- The sample was selected from Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS). Hindi adaptation of Cognitive Symptoms Checklist and Beck Depression Inventory were administered on 50 depressive patients and 50 normal controls. Results of the study suggest significant difference in cognitive functions between depressive patients and normal subjects. Depressive patients showed more deficits in Attention, Memory and Executive Functioning on Cognitive Symptoms Checklist (CSC) than normal controls.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"96 39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129323253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Perceived stigma and experiencing different kinds of burden for long time by primary caregivers during caring family member suffering from major psychiatric illness may affects their mental health. Present study was conducted to find out the nature of psychopathology experienced by primary caregivers of major psychiatric patients. Material & Method: Forty-four caregivers of major psychiatric patients were selected from outdoor psychiatric unit of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi and forty-one normal controls were selected from different location of Ranchi district. They were assessed on Symptoms Checklist–90–Revised (SCL-90) and General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (13.0 ver.). Result: The result suggests that primary caregivers experience psychopathology, namely, somatization, obsessive compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and social dysfunction while caring someone family member suffering from major psychiatric illness and the number of caregivers in family definitely has an impact on severity of the caregivers’ psychopathology. Total duration of patient’s treatment and total duration of patient’s illness also affect caregiver’s phobic anxiety and number of patient’s hospitalization affects caregivers’ social dysfunction as well. Conclusion:Findings suggest that mental health issues of caregivers should also be addressed while formulating management plan for patients suffering from major psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Psychopathology among Primary Caregivers of Major Psychiatric Patients","authors":"A. Singh, Sanjay Kumar Nayak, S. Kumari, M. Jahan","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-54","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Perceived stigma and experiencing different kinds of burden for long time by primary caregivers during caring family member suffering from major psychiatric illness may affects their mental health. Present study was conducted to find out the nature of psychopathology experienced by primary caregivers of major psychiatric patients. Material & Method: Forty-four caregivers of major psychiatric patients were selected from outdoor psychiatric unit of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi and forty-one normal controls were selected from different location of Ranchi district. They were assessed on Symptoms Checklist–90–Revised (SCL-90) and General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (13.0 ver.). Result: The result suggests that primary caregivers experience psychopathology, namely, somatization, obsessive compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and social dysfunction while caring someone family member suffering from major psychiatric illness and the number of caregivers in family definitely has an impact on severity of the caregivers’ psychopathology. Total duration of patient’s treatment and total duration of patient’s illness also affect caregiver’s phobic anxiety and number of patient’s hospitalization affects caregivers’ social dysfunction as well. Conclusion:Findings suggest that mental health issues of caregivers should also be addressed while formulating management plan for patients suffering from major psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128784052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first section covers historical and conceptual issues, including cognitive and developmental processes, clinical and theoretical models, phenomenology and classification, and evidence-based assessment. Subsequent sections cover the biology of child and adolescent anxiety, and environmental influences including traumatic events, parenting and the impact of the peer group. The final section addresses prevention and treatment of anxiety. All chapters incorporate new advances in the field, explicitly differentiate between children and adolescents, and incorporate a developmental perspective. Written and edited by an international team of leading experts in the field, this is a key text for researchers, practitioners, students and clinical trainees with interests in child and adolescent anxiety.
{"title":"Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Satyakam Mohapatra, V. Agarwal","doi":"10.5005/ejp-16-1--2-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-16-1--2-50","url":null,"abstract":"The first section covers historical and conceptual issues, including cognitive and developmental processes, clinical and theoretical models, phenomenology and classification, and evidence-based assessment. Subsequent sections cover the biology of child and adolescent anxiety, and environmental influences including traumatic events, parenting and the impact of the peer group. The final section addresses prevention and treatment of anxiety. All chapters incorporate new advances in the field, explicitly differentiate between children and adolescents, and incorporate a developmental perspective. Written and edited by an international team of leading experts in the field, this is a key text for researchers, practitioners, students and clinical trainees with interests in child and adolescent anxiety.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116943449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the literature on Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) has based its definition of resistance on the failure to respond to antidepressant drug treatment of adequate dose and duration. The prevalence of TRD is lowest in primary care settings and progressively increases in outpatient psychiatry settings, inpatient psychiatric settings, and academic/tertiary care settings. Strategies available for the treatment of TRD include optimization, substitution or switching, combination, and augmentation therapies. Currently there are no clear guidelines on when to substitute, combine, or augment therapies in the treatment of patients with TRD. Some new and novel therapies that show promise for the future include addition of an atypical antipsychotic to the initial antidepressant; newer pharmacologic interventions; and non-pharmacologic therapies such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The newer models of interpersonal, cognitive, and behavioral therapies offer structured, pragmatic methods to work with such difficult patients. Guidelines for psychotherapeutic intervention for TRD suggested that the therapy should be collaborative and centered on the goal of teaching new skills to improve coping with a chronic illness. A better understanding of the many facets of the etiology of TRD as well as the availability of new and effective therapies hopefully will decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
{"title":"Treatment Resistant Depression","authors":"Mahesh Hembram, Suprakash Chaudhury","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-77","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the literature on Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) has based its definition of resistance on the failure to respond to antidepressant drug treatment of adequate dose and duration. The prevalence of TRD is lowest in primary care settings and progressively increases in outpatient psychiatry settings, inpatient psychiatric settings, and academic/tertiary care settings. Strategies available for the treatment of TRD include optimization, substitution or switching, combination, and augmentation therapies. Currently there are no clear guidelines on when to substitute, combine, or augment therapies in the treatment of patients with TRD. Some new and novel therapies that show promise for the future include addition of an atypical antipsychotic to the initial antidepressant; newer pharmacologic interventions; and non-pharmacologic therapies such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The newer models of interpersonal, cognitive, and behavioral therapies offer structured, pragmatic methods to work with such difficult patients. Guidelines for psychotherapeutic intervention for TRD suggested that the therapy should be collaborative and centered on the goal of teaching new skills to improve coping with a chronic illness. A better understanding of the many facets of the etiology of TRD as well as the availability of new and effective therapies hopefully will decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present research investigation was to describe the co-morbid personality disorder among alcohol dependent patients and to compare it with those of the normal population. Based on purposive sampling technique, 50 alcohol dependent patients were selected from psychiatric inpatient of RINPAS and 50 normal participants were selected from the general population. Both the groups were matched for age,gender and socioeconomic level. All participants were assessed with Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory (MCMI)-III. The obtained responses were scored by using standard scoring procedure and subsequently statistically analyzed by using of x 2 test and step wise discriminant analysis. Results revealed that alcohol dependent patients have more co-morbid pathological personality traits and disorders in comparison to normal control group. Of the alcohol-dependent patients, dependent personality disorder was most prevalent followed by antisocial, negativistic and compulsive personality disorders.
{"title":"Co-Morbid Personality Disorders among Alcohol Dependent Patients","authors":"O. Prakash, M. Jahan, A. Singh, J. Ranjan","doi":"10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-14-1--2-11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present research investigation was to describe the co-morbid personality disorder among alcohol dependent patients and to compare it with those of the normal population. Based on purposive sampling technique, 50 alcohol dependent patients were selected from psychiatric inpatient of RINPAS and 50 normal participants were selected from the general population. Both the groups were matched for age,gender and socioeconomic level. All participants were assessed with Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory (MCMI)-III. The obtained responses were scored by using standard scoring procedure and subsequently statistically analyzed by using of x 2 test and step wise discriminant analysis. Results revealed that alcohol dependent patients have more co-morbid pathological personality traits and disorders in comparison to normal control group. Of the alcohol-dependent patients, dependent personality disorder was most prevalent followed by antisocial, negativistic and compulsive personality disorders.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131831805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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