Suicide is considered as a major public and mental health problem. In 2000, approximately 8, 15,000 person committed suicide i.e. 14.5 per 100000 populations 1. On the other hand, approximately 20 million people attempt suicide every year throughout the world 1. In India, suicide is among the top ten causes of death. The current national suicide rate for India is 10.3 per 100000 populations 2. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, West Bengal (13.3%), Maharashtra (13.1%), Andhra Pradesh (11.2%), Tamil Nadu (10.5%) and Karnataka (10.3%) contributed 58.4% of total suicide in India 3. Interestingly, densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar contribute relatively less suicides. Under-reporting may be an important cause for this significant difference between different states.
{"title":"Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspects of Suicide","authors":"A. Brahma","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-96","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is considered as a major public and mental health problem. In 2000, approximately 8, 15,000 person committed suicide i.e. 14.5 per 100000 populations 1. On the other hand, approximately 20 million people attempt suicide every year throughout the world 1. In India, suicide is among the top ten causes of death. The current national suicide rate for India is 10.3 per 100000 populations 2. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, West Bengal (13.3%), Maharashtra (13.1%), Andhra Pradesh (11.2%), Tamil Nadu (10.5%) and Karnataka (10.3%) contributed 58.4% of total suicide in India 3. Interestingly, densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar contribute relatively less suicides. Under-reporting may be an important cause for this significant difference between different states.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127383475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Singh, N. Khan, A. Kanchan, K. S. Sengar, A. Nag
Background: Cognitive impairment has been known to be a feature of Schizophrenia since the illness was first described in a systematic manner. The course of cognition and functional status in schizophrenia remains an area of significant controversy and is marked by conflicting findings. One of the reasons for this controversy is that cognitive and functional changes occur with normal aging in the population. Method: Total number of samples in the study were 80 (experimental and control), out of which 40 were elderly schizophrenic patients and 40 were normal elderly individuals. Elderly patients with schizophrenia were selected from the inpatient department of RINPAS, Ranchi. Normal elderly people were selected from near by areas of the hospital. On both the groups the Post Graduate InstituteBattery for Assessment of Mental Efficiency in Elderly (PGIAMEE) test was administered. Result: Significant differences were found in mental efficiency between normal elderly group and elderly schizophrenic patients. The mean score of normal population is 52.90 and for schizophrenic group 40.20. Conclusion: The findings of the index study suggests that the marked differences in cognitive functioning has been found between elderly patient with schizophrenia and normal elderly people .Areas of impairment were difficulty in recalling names of different things ,general orientation and visuo-spatial coordination.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Neurocognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia and Elderly Normals","authors":"A. Singh, N. Khan, A. Kanchan, K. S. Sengar, A. Nag","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive impairment has been known to be a feature of Schizophrenia since the illness was first described in a systematic manner. The course of cognition and functional status in schizophrenia remains an area of significant controversy and is marked by conflicting findings. One of the reasons for this controversy is that cognitive and functional changes occur with normal aging in the population. Method: Total number of samples in the study were 80 (experimental and control), out of which 40 were elderly schizophrenic patients and 40 were normal elderly individuals. Elderly patients with schizophrenia were selected from the inpatient department of RINPAS, Ranchi. Normal elderly people were selected from near by areas of the hospital. On both the groups the Post Graduate InstituteBattery for Assessment of Mental Efficiency in Elderly (PGIAMEE) test was administered. Result: Significant differences were found in mental efficiency between normal elderly group and elderly schizophrenic patients. The mean score of normal population is 52.90 and for schizophrenic group 40.20. Conclusion: The findings of the index study suggests that the marked differences in cognitive functioning has been found between elderly patient with schizophrenia and normal elderly people .Areas of impairment were difficulty in recalling names of different things ,general orientation and visuo-spatial coordination.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131296380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental health legislation was first enacted in India in 1858 three separate Acts (1) The Lunacy (Supreme Court) Act, 1858 relating to judicial inquisition as to lunacy in presidency towns; (2) The Lunacy (District Courts) Act, 1858 relating to proceedings outside presidency towns; and (3) The Lunatic Asylums Act, 1858 relating to confinement of lunatics in asylums. These were based on two English Acts namely the English Lunacy Regulation Act, 1853 and the Lunatics Act, 18531. The Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 was enacted to amend and assimilate the law relating to custody of lunatics in India with the English law on the subject and to re-arrange and consolidate as far as possible the whole law relating to lunatics (Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Indian Lunacy Bill, 1911). After Second World War the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly to ensure inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all people. India was a signatory to the Declaration. The need was felt to replace the Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 and the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) realized the need to enact new law in this regard and submitted a Draft Mental Health Bill to the Government of India in 1950.Dr. B.A. Bhagwat took active part in preparation of the draft. In 1978 a Mental Health Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha and was later referred to a JPC headed by Dr. Sushila Towards A New Mental Health Act
{"title":"Towards A New Mental Health Act","authors":"C. Narayan, R. Jaiswal, Deepshikha Lnu","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-108","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health legislation was first enacted in India in 1858 three separate Acts (1) The Lunacy (Supreme Court) Act, 1858 relating to judicial inquisition as to lunacy in presidency towns; (2) The Lunacy (District Courts) Act, 1858 relating to proceedings outside presidency towns; and (3) The Lunatic Asylums Act, 1858 relating to confinement of lunatics in asylums. These were based on two English Acts namely the English Lunacy Regulation Act, 1853 and the Lunatics Act, 18531. The Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 was enacted to amend and assimilate the law relating to custody of lunatics in India with the English law on the subject and to re-arrange and consolidate as far as possible the whole law relating to lunatics (Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Indian Lunacy Bill, 1911). After Second World War the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly to ensure inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all people. India was a signatory to the Declaration. The need was felt to replace the Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 and the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) realized the need to enact new law in this regard and submitted a Draft Mental Health Bill to the Government of India in 1950.Dr. B.A. Bhagwat took active part in preparation of the draft. In 1978 a Mental Health Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha and was later referred to a JPC headed by Dr. Sushila Towards A New Mental Health Act","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121355853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","authors":"Anil Kumar, Saraswati Shukla","doi":"10.5005/ejp-16-1--2-i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-16-1--2-i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122409263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future of District Mental Health Programme","authors":"Kangkan Pathak","doi":"10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-13-1--2-3","url":null,"abstract":"1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234 Future of District Mental Health Programme","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131364585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In my early exposure to the psychological disaster field, I learned about two kinds of psychic traumas. The first being Trauma with capital "T" in which there is "a strong overwhelming event that renders an individual temporarily helpless and unable to use ordinary coping and defensive operations of ego in the face of intolerable danger, anxiety or instinctual arousal" 1• The second being a small trauma that consists of several smaller stressful events that might produce, with their cumulative effects, destabilization of the individual's psychic equilibrium and stimulus barrier. My experience taught me that these definitions could be an oversimplification of reality. But it also led me toward a couple of questions: what happens when a big Traumatic experience, a strong overwhelming event, is recurring just as much as the small ones? And what can a mental health professional do to be supportive in such occurrences?
{"title":"Trauma Repetition: Intervention in Psychologically Safe Places","authors":"Claudio Mochi","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-75","url":null,"abstract":"In my early exposure to the psychological disaster field, I learned about two kinds of psychic traumas. The first being Trauma with capital \"T\" in which there is \"a strong overwhelming event that renders an individual temporarily helpless and unable to use ordinary coping and defensive operations of ego in the face of intolerable danger, anxiety or instinctual arousal\" 1• The second being a small trauma that consists of several smaller stressful events that might produce, with their cumulative effects, destabilization of the individual's psychic equilibrium and stimulus barrier. My experience taught me that these definitions could be an oversimplification of reality. But it also led me toward a couple of questions: what happens when a big Traumatic experience, a strong overwhelming event, is recurring just as much as the small ones? And what can a mental health professional do to be supportive in such occurrences?","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124892179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcohol related diseases affect 5-10% of the world's population each year. Medical illness is a common consequence of heavy drinking. Chronic and excessive alcohol ingestion is one of the major causes of liver diseases. Laboratory testing can assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. Laboratory testing can also assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. This purposive cross sectional study aims to compare the values of hepatic enzymes along with total protein in a group of chronic alcoholics and a matched controlled group. 25 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence syndrome were recruited and were applied AUDIT. The values of the hepatic enzymes were significantly raised along with reversal of the albumin globulin ratio in majority of the cases. Multiple physical problems were also observed in the study group.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Liver Function Test in a Group of Persons with Alcohol Dependence Disorder","authors":"Anumita Pushilal, K. N. Kalita","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-21","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol related diseases affect 5-10% of the world's population each year. Medical illness is a common consequence of heavy drinking. Chronic and excessive alcohol ingestion is one of the major causes of liver diseases. Laboratory testing can assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. Laboratory testing can also assist the clinician in providing objective, non-judgmental feedback to alcoholic patients on negative physical consequences of excessive drinking. This purposive cross sectional study aims to compare the values of hepatic enzymes along with total protein in a group of chronic alcoholics and a matched controlled group. 25 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence syndrome were recruited and were applied AUDIT. The values of the hepatic enzymes were significantly raised along with reversal of the albumin globulin ratio in majority of the cases. Multiple physical problems were also observed in the study group.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132190803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Adequate sexual expression is an essential part of many human relationships, and may enhance quality of life and provide a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression isassociated with impairments of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. However, few investigators have reported the base rate for disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm or ejaculation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) prior to antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in 60 patients with MDD and examine the relationship between SD and quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction variables. Materials and Methods : A consecutive series of 24 male and 36 female MDD patients diagnosed by SCID-DSM IV assessment completed a series of psychometric measures including a Sexual Function QuestionnaireASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale) which asked about change in sexual interest and function as well as quality of life of life enjoyment using QLESQ-SF. Results: Over 33.33% of men and 42% of women reported decreased sexual interest. Reduced levels of arousal were more common in both men and women (8-22%) than ejaculatory or orgasm difficulties (1116%). In women, SDs were more than males. Quality oflife was more impaired in sample with SDs than those without dysfunction showing significant impact of SD on quality of life. Limitation and Conclusion: Although limited by a relatively small sample of drug-free patients with MDD, and by the absence of a non-depressed comparison sample, these results emphasize the importance of factors beyond specific drug effects in the assessment of SD in drug naive-depressed patients.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder and its Relation to Quality of Life","authors":"Ranjan Das, O. Singh, R. G. Thakurta, S. Sen","doi":"10.5005/ejp-17-1-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-17-1-21","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Adequate sexual expression is an essential part of many human relationships, and may enhance quality of life and provide a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression isassociated with impairments of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. However, few investigators have reported the base rate for disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm or ejaculation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) prior to antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in 60 patients with MDD and examine the relationship between SD and quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction variables. Materials and Methods : A consecutive series of 24 male and 36 female MDD patients diagnosed by SCID-DSM IV assessment completed a series of psychometric measures including a Sexual Function QuestionnaireASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale) which asked about change in sexual interest and function as well as quality of life of life enjoyment using QLESQ-SF. Results: Over 33.33% of men and 42% of women reported decreased sexual interest. Reduced levels of arousal were more common in both men and women (8-22%) than ejaculatory or orgasm difficulties (1116%). In women, SDs were more than males. Quality oflife was more impaired in sample with SDs than those without dysfunction showing significant impact of SD on quality of life. Limitation and Conclusion: Although limited by a relatively small sample of drug-free patients with MDD, and by the absence of a non-depressed comparison sample, these results emphasize the importance of factors beyond specific drug effects in the assessment of SD in drug naive-depressed patients.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is rare but not unknown among pre-school children and becomes increasingly common after the age of 12. Psychological factors and family relationships are important in DSH. The link between psycho social stressors and DSH in immigrants has been reported. Ethnic or trans cultural differences can have a significant effect on the social support systems, cultural sanctions and role expectations, not only within the narrower community and family set up but also in wider society. The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of Indian sub-continent origin children and adolescents who self-harm. This case control study based on retrospective case note analysis of children and adolescents presenting to mental health services compared the factors associated with deliberate self-harm among the children from Indian sub-continent (Asian group) and other ethnicities (non-Asian group) within a specified geographical area. Asian children presented as a separate group with differences in associated factors in relation to self-harm. The higher rate of discharge needs more exploration to clarify whether it was the Asian children's and their families attitude towards mental health services or professionals being less trained to provide a culturally sensitive advice to cause the difference.
{"title":"Ethnicity and Deliberate Self-harm","authors":"Aasifa Zaineb","doi":"10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ejp-12-1--2-16","url":null,"abstract":"Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is rare but not unknown among pre-school children and becomes increasingly common after the age of 12. Psychological factors and family relationships are important in DSH. The link between psycho social stressors and DSH in immigrants has been reported. Ethnic or trans cultural differences can have a significant effect on the social support systems, cultural sanctions and role expectations, not only within the narrower community and family set up but also in wider society. The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of Indian sub-continent origin children and adolescents who self-harm. This case control study based on retrospective case note analysis of children and adolescents presenting to mental health services compared the factors associated with deliberate self-harm among the children from Indian sub-continent (Asian group) and other ethnicities (non-Asian group) within a specified geographical area. Asian children presented as a separate group with differences in associated factors in relation to self-harm. The higher rate of discharge needs more exploration to clarify whether it was the Asian children's and their families attitude towards mental health services or professionals being less trained to provide a culturally sensitive advice to cause the difference.","PeriodicalId":269968,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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