Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000302
Ogunyemi Tm, T. O. Adejumo, F. Olajubu, Titilayo Modupe Waire
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection known to affect different parts of the urinary tract of both male and female. Escherichia coli have been found to be responsible for causing 80% to 90% of the infection. An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria, especially E. coli implicated in UTI, and to ascertain their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. Early morning mid-stream urine samples were collected from 250 patients aged 18 to 60 years, between March and July of 2016 from 5 major Hospitals in the study location. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods and susceptibility tests were carried out using ten antibiotics. Results Showed that 65 (30.7%) of the isolates were E. coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (21.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 42 (19.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 32 (15.1%) and Proteus mirabilis 28 (13.2%). The percentages of resistance of E. coli isolates to antimicrobial agents were chloramphenicol (64.9%), sparfloxacin (59.5%), ciprofloxacin (73.0%), septrin (73.0%), amoxacillin (91.9%), augmentin (83.8%), gentamycin (48.7%), perfloxacin (40.5%), ofloxacin (40.5%) and streptomycin (54.1%). The need for constant antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance by health managements system that will help clinicians to provide safe and effective therapy is advocated.
{"title":"Occurrence of Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria Species Associated with Urinary Tract Infection in Two Geopolitical Zones of Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ogunyemi Tm, T. O. Adejumo, F. Olajubu, Titilayo Modupe Waire","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection known to affect different parts of the urinary tract of both male and female. Escherichia coli have been found to be responsible for causing 80% to 90% of the infection. An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria, especially E. coli implicated in UTI, and to ascertain their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. Early morning mid-stream urine samples were collected from 250 patients aged 18 to 60 years, between March and July of 2016 from 5 major Hospitals in the study location. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods and susceptibility tests were carried out using ten antibiotics. Results Showed that 65 (30.7%) of the isolates were E. coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (21.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 42 (19.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 32 (15.1%) and Proteus mirabilis 28 (13.2%). The percentages of resistance of E. coli isolates to antimicrobial agents were chloramphenicol (64.9%), sparfloxacin (59.5%), ciprofloxacin (73.0%), septrin (73.0%), amoxacillin (91.9%), augmentin (83.8%), gentamycin (48.7%), perfloxacin (40.5%), ofloxacin (40.5%) and streptomycin (54.1%). The need for constant antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance by health managements system that will help clinicians to provide safe and effective therapy is advocated.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"39 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132281026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000301
J. Weltman
Background: Influenza virus is a significant public health problem throughout the world. Increased insight into the basic biology of the virus may enable the development of more effective anti-influenza preventives and therapeutics. Methodology: The occurrence of specific amino acid subsequences in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinins was used for joint detection of those subsequences in human proteins. Only subsequences consisting of at least 5 contiguous amino acids were considered for further study. Results: Ten H1N1 hemagglutinin amino acid subsequences and nine H3N2 hemagglutinin amino subsequences were identified as also occurring in proteins of human origin. The length of the subsequences selected for further study, ranged from 5 contiguous amino acids to 8 contiguous amino acids. Conclusion: The joint occurrence of amino acid subsequences in influenza hemagglutinins and in human proteins may help explain the relatively low efficacy of current anti-influenza vaccines. It is proposed that the identification of the joint subsequences may be useful for the improved design of anti-influenza therapeutics and especially anti-influenza vaccines.
{"title":"Identical Subsequences of Contiguous Amino Acids in Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and in Human Proteins","authors":"J. Weltman","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Influenza virus is a significant public health problem throughout the world. Increased insight into the basic biology of the virus may enable the development of more effective anti-influenza preventives and therapeutics. \u0000Methodology: The occurrence of specific amino acid subsequences in H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinins was used for joint detection of those subsequences in human proteins. Only subsequences consisting of at least 5 contiguous amino acids were considered for further study. \u0000Results: Ten H1N1 hemagglutinin amino acid subsequences and nine H3N2 hemagglutinin amino subsequences were identified as also occurring in proteins of human origin. The length of the subsequences selected for further study, ranged from 5 contiguous amino acids to 8 contiguous amino acids. \u0000Conclusion: The joint occurrence of amino acid subsequences in influenza hemagglutinins and in human proteins may help explain the relatively low efficacy of current anti-influenza vaccines. It is proposed that the identification of the joint subsequences may be useful for the improved design of anti-influenza therapeutics and especially anti-influenza vaccines.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000300
Dat Tran Huu, D. Le, N. T. Ha, Hoa Nguyen Minh
Aim: To evaluate the performance of brain heart infusion (BHI) versus Todd-Hewitt (TH) media for the culture and identification of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in vaginal swabs from pregnant women in last trimester. Two enrichment broth media were compared in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and cost. Methodology: 242 vaginal samples collected during March and May 2018 from Tam Anh hospital were included in this study. Each sample was collected in duplicated swabs, each swab was then cultured in BHI and TH broth and following the same method in accordance with the manufacturers’ guidelines. Results: BHI had excellent diagnostic performance compared to TH, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 91.30%, 100%, 100%, 98.00% and 98.35%, respectively. BHI decreased material and supply costs 88.31%. Conclusion: BHI was chosen for introduction into routine use, due to its better sensitivity and accuracy, meanwhile lower cost than TH.
{"title":"A Comparison of Two Enrichment Broth Medium for the Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae from Vaginal Swabs","authors":"Dat Tran Huu, D. Le, N. T. Ha, Hoa Nguyen Minh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the performance of brain heart infusion (BHI) versus Todd-Hewitt (TH) media for the culture and identification of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in vaginal swabs from pregnant women in last trimester. Two enrichment broth media were compared in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and cost. \u0000Methodology: 242 vaginal samples collected during March and May 2018 from Tam Anh hospital were included in this study. Each sample was collected in duplicated swabs, each swab was then cultured in BHI and TH broth and following the same method in accordance with the manufacturers’ guidelines. \u0000Results: BHI had excellent diagnostic performance compared to TH, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 91.30%, 100%, 100%, 98.00% and 98.35%, respectively. BHI decreased material and supply costs 88.31%. \u0000Conclusion: BHI was chosen for introduction into routine use, due to its better sensitivity and accuracy, meanwhile lower cost than TH.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"62 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000299
L. Mtibaa, H. Souid, B. Jemli, Z. Hajjej, Chiraz Halweni, A. Rebai, R. B. Mhamed, K. Akkari, M. Ferjani
Background: Kodamaea ohmeri or Pichia ohmeri is relatively rare yeast that belongs to ascomycete group and Saccharomycetaceae family. It is recognized as an important pathogenic fungus in immunocompromised hosts. Methodology: Herein, we describe three cases where Kodamaea ohmeri was isolated in peripheral samples: nasal in one case and auricular in two cases. The identification was carried out by Vitek®2 YST ID card and confirmed by PCR sequencing. Susceptibility to antifungal was made by E-test. Results: These yeasts were identified K. ohmeri using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods. All isolates were susceptible for voriconazole and amphotericin B, resistant for caspofungin and susceptible-dose-dependent for Fluconazole. Conclusion: These are firsts cases reported in Tunisia which incites to pay more attention to the emergence of this yeast in human pathology since more it develops resistances to antifungals.
{"title":"Kodamaea ohmeri, An Emerging Yeast in Tunisia: First Identification in Three Case Reports and Literature Review","authors":"L. Mtibaa, H. Souid, B. Jemli, Z. Hajjej, Chiraz Halweni, A. Rebai, R. B. Mhamed, K. Akkari, M. Ferjani","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kodamaea ohmeri or Pichia ohmeri is relatively rare yeast that belongs to ascomycete group and Saccharomycetaceae family. It is recognized as an important pathogenic fungus in immunocompromised hosts. \u0000Methodology: Herein, we describe three cases where Kodamaea ohmeri was isolated in peripheral samples: nasal in one case and auricular in two cases. The identification was carried out by Vitek®2 YST ID card and confirmed by PCR sequencing. Susceptibility to antifungal was made by E-test. \u0000Results: These yeasts were identified K. ohmeri using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods. All isolates were susceptible for voriconazole and amphotericin B, resistant for caspofungin and susceptible-dose-dependent for Fluconazole. \u0000Conclusion: These are firsts cases reported in Tunisia which incites to pay more attention to the emergence of this yeast in human pathology since more it develops resistances to antifungals.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130644970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000293
Nusrat Perween, H. Khan, Nazish Fatima
Objective: To compare the performance of Caspofungin with the conventional antifungal drugs on the Candida albicans isolates.Materials and methods: Cases and Samples: The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology J. N. Medical College, AMU. Total of 6000 patients included in the study. Samples were collected according to their clinical presentation.Materials and methods: Cases and Samples: The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology J. N. Medical College, AMU. Total of 6000 patients included in the study. Samples were collected according to their clinical presentation.Evaluation and comparision of antifungal activity of Caspofungin: a. Disc diffusion, and b. Broth mico dilution method.Results: The susceptibility testing of Caspofungin and other conventional antifungal agents by broth dilution method revealed very low MIC of Caspofungin (0.062-1 μg/ml) as compared to fluconazole (1-64 μg/ml). Thus, Caspofungin proved to be more potent than other antifungals in vitro.Conclusion: We found Caspofungin to be more potent on the resistant isolates of Candida albicans in vitro.
{"title":"Effectivity of Caspofungin on the Resistant Isolates of Candida albicans","authors":"Nusrat Perween, H. Khan, Nazish Fatima","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the performance of Caspofungin with the conventional antifungal drugs on the Candida albicans isolates.Materials and methods: Cases and Samples: The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology J. N. Medical College, AMU. Total of 6000 patients included in the study. Samples were collected according to their clinical presentation.Materials and methods: Cases and Samples: The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology J. N. Medical College, AMU. Total of 6000 patients included in the study. Samples were collected according to their clinical presentation.Evaluation and comparision of antifungal activity of Caspofungin: a. Disc diffusion, and b. Broth mico dilution method.Results: The susceptibility testing of Caspofungin and other conventional antifungal agents by broth dilution method revealed very low MIC of Caspofungin (0.062-1 μg/ml) as compared to fluconazole (1-64 μg/ml). Thus, Caspofungin proved to be more potent than other antifungals in vitro.Conclusion: We found Caspofungin to be more potent on the resistant isolates of Candida albicans in vitro.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132868511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-09DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000275
C. Pina-Vaz, Azevedo Mm, A. Rodrigues
Microbiological clinical methods were the object of this review. According to WHO antimicrobial resistance is a real and global threat. Researchers aim to develop rapid methods for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST). Actually, most automated solutions available in clinical laboratories are based upon the study of the microbial ability to grow so, take a long time to give results despite its advantages. Molecular tests only detect target genes but are especially useful regarding identification of difficult or slow growing microorganisms. MALDI-TOF started a real revolution in microbial identification since it is growth independent and highly sensitive and specific. Regarding susceptibility evaluation, due to its inherent complexity, molecular or proteomic tests provides answers to known and molecular characterized mechanisms, requiring its prior knowledge. Flow cytometry is an excellent tool that, coupled with specific fluorescent antibodies can be used to identify microorganisms. Moreover, it can help to unveil susceptibility profile. AST phenotype is provided following incubation of the cells for short period (60 minutes) with antimicrobial drugs and fluorescent probes, with excellent correlation with classic AST methods. Furthermore, it can elucidate about the most relevant mechanism of resistance in a functional assay. Novel methods are under study namely sophisticated methods for growth detection like, weighing bacteria by vibrating cantilevers, isothermal microcalorimetry method, simple spectroscopic biomarkers and plasmonic imaging and tracking are discussed. We are close to a change of the paradigm in the clinical laboratory work flow microbiology considering especially MALDI-TOF for identification and flow cytometry for AST/assessment of mechanisms of resistance.
{"title":"Current and Novel Methods in Clinical Microbiology: Advantages and Pitfalls when Facing the Menace of Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"C. Pina-Vaz, Azevedo Mm, A. Rodrigues","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000275","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiological clinical methods were the object of this review. According to WHO antimicrobial resistance is a real and global threat. Researchers aim to develop rapid methods for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST). Actually, most automated solutions available in clinical laboratories are based upon the study of the microbial ability to grow so, take a long time to give results despite its advantages. Molecular tests only detect target genes but are especially useful regarding identification of difficult or slow growing microorganisms. MALDI-TOF started a real revolution in microbial identification since it is growth independent and highly sensitive and specific. Regarding susceptibility evaluation, due to its inherent complexity, molecular or proteomic tests provides answers to known and molecular characterized mechanisms, requiring its prior knowledge. Flow cytometry is an excellent tool that, coupled with specific fluorescent antibodies can be used to identify microorganisms. Moreover, it can help to unveil susceptibility profile. AST phenotype is provided following incubation of the cells for short period (60 minutes) with antimicrobial drugs and fluorescent probes, with excellent correlation with classic AST methods. Furthermore, it can elucidate about the most relevant mechanism of resistance in a functional assay. Novel methods are under study namely sophisticated methods for growth detection like, weighing bacteria by vibrating cantilevers, isothermal microcalorimetry method, simple spectroscopic biomarkers and plasmonic imaging and tracking are discussed. We are close to a change of the paradigm in the clinical laboratory work flow microbiology considering especially MALDI-TOF for identification and flow cytometry for AST/assessment of mechanisms of resistance.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127571456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000274
E. Moghanloo, V. Babaei, S. Rezaei, Leila Khanmirzaei, Tina Delsouz Bahri, H. Z. Gohardani, S. Teimourian
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be transmitted through blood transfusion and organ transplantation and could be cause of some complication in solid-organ transplant recipients. Current study is aimed to compare the sensitivity and Specificity of ELISA, Antigenemia assay and nested PCR methods to detection of Cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplantation patients. In this study blood samples were collected from 200 renal transplant recipients’ patients. DNA was extracted by commercial kit and Nested PCR was done by 2 pairs of internal and external primers. Anti CMV antibodies (IgM and IgG) were detected by ELISA and CMV-pp65 antigenemia assay (Ag) was used to detect CMV antigens. The sensitivity and Specificity of each test and all the methods together were evaluated, and SPSS software was used to analysis of data. From 200 patients, 193 (96.5%) were positive for CMV antibodies with the Specificity of 100 and sensitivity of 97.76%. 120 (60%) and 25 (12.5) samples were positive by nested PCR and Ag assay with the Specificity of 94.49 and 78.12 and sensitivity of 94.49 and 78.12, respectively. In the case of early diagnosis of the disease, nested PCR diagnose the infection 14 years earlier than Ag assay and was consistently positive, whereas false negative results were frequently observed with the pp65 Ag assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods combined detection for CMV infection were 96.76% and 99.89%. ELISA can be used as a screening reliable detection test for CMV infection in recipient especially when PCR is unavailable. Combination of ELISA and CMV-PCR methods, provide a more effective method to monitor CMV infection.
{"title":"Comparison of ELISA, Antigenemia Assay and Nested PCR Monitoring Techniques for Detection of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplantation Patients","authors":"E. Moghanloo, V. Babaei, S. Rezaei, Leila Khanmirzaei, Tina Delsouz Bahri, H. Z. Gohardani, S. Teimourian","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000274","url":null,"abstract":"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be transmitted through blood transfusion and organ transplantation and could be cause of some complication in solid-organ transplant recipients. Current study is aimed to compare the sensitivity and Specificity of ELISA, Antigenemia assay and nested PCR methods to detection of Cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplantation patients. \u0000In this study blood samples were collected from 200 renal transplant recipients’ patients. \u0000DNA was extracted by commercial kit and Nested PCR was done by 2 pairs of internal and external primers. Anti CMV antibodies (IgM and IgG) were detected by ELISA and CMV-pp65 antigenemia assay (Ag) was used to detect CMV antigens. The sensitivity and Specificity of each test and all the methods together were evaluated, and SPSS software was used to analysis of data. \u0000From 200 patients, 193 (96.5%) were positive for CMV antibodies with the Specificity of 100 and sensitivity of 97.76%. 120 (60%) and 25 (12.5) samples were positive by nested PCR and Ag assay with the Specificity of 94.49 and 78.12 and sensitivity of 94.49 and 78.12, respectively. \u0000In the case of early diagnosis of the disease, nested PCR diagnose the infection 14 years earlier than Ag assay and was consistently positive, whereas false negative results were frequently observed with the pp65 Ag assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods combined detection for CMV infection were 96.76% and 99.89%. ELISA can be used as a screening reliable detection test for CMV infection in recipient especially when PCR is unavailable. \u0000Combination of ELISA and CMV-PCR methods, provide a more effective method to monitor CMV infection.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000273
Kiran Bijlani, M. Gómez, Rowena D. Matias, A. Najafi, Ron Najafi, S. Arumugam
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most dangerous antibiotic resistant pathogens and a common cause of most health-care acquired infections. MRSA causes skin, wound and bloodstream infections that can cause sepsis and ultimately lead to death. CDC and WHO have listed MRSA as a serious threat infection and included in The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria. Early, reliable, and accurate diagnosis of MRSA in a clinical setting is critical for the treatment and control of infection in hospitals and the community. We comparatively evaluated the efficacy of two commercial diagnostic systems, Biomed InTray® Colorex and BDTM ESwab Regular Collection Kit/ BBL™ CHROMagar® (ESwab + CHROMagar®) to recover 51 MRSA clinical isolates. The percentage recovery of MRSA clinical isolates in InTray® and in ESwab + CHROMagar® was 99% and 75%, respectively. Our findings suggest that InTray® was more efficient than ESwab + CHROMagar® in recovering MRSA clinical isolates.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Biomed InTray ® Colorex MRSA with BD ESwab Collection Kit/ BBL™ CHROMagar ® MRSA II","authors":"Kiran Bijlani, M. Gómez, Rowena D. Matias, A. Najafi, Ron Najafi, S. Arumugam","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000273","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most dangerous antibiotic resistant pathogens and a common cause of most health-care acquired infections. MRSA causes skin, wound and bloodstream infections that can cause sepsis and ultimately lead to death. CDC and WHO have listed MRSA as a serious threat infection and included in The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria. Early, reliable, and accurate diagnosis of MRSA in a clinical setting is critical for the treatment and control of infection in hospitals and the community. We comparatively evaluated the efficacy of two commercial diagnostic systems, Biomed InTray® Colorex and BDTM ESwab Regular Collection Kit/ BBL™ CHROMagar® (ESwab + CHROMagar®) to recover 51 MRSA clinical isolates. The percentage recovery of MRSA clinical isolates in InTray® and in ESwab + CHROMagar® was 99% and 75%, respectively. Our findings suggest that InTray® was more efficient than ESwab + CHROMagar® in recovering MRSA clinical isolates.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133248039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-29DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000271
E. G. Silva, J. N. Cavalcanti, F. C. Viani, S. M. D. S. Silva, A. L. T. Dias
Cryptococcosis is a subacute or chronic disease caused through the inhalation of infectious particles from the opportunistic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans spp. The objective of the present study was to evaluate cryptococcosis in a murine model Immunocompetent (BALB/c), as well as in a model with combined immunodeficiency (SCID) through histopathological analyzes of pulmonary and cerebral tissues. After intravenous inoculation with 3.0 × 105 viable yeast cells the animals were euthanized daily for evaluation. The study period was 15 days. There were no significant changes in lung tissue in immunocompetent murine model (BALB/c). While in brain tissue, it was observed: congested vessel, evolving when C. neoformans was visualized in the meningeal area, and a large area of ischemia, which evolved throughout the studied period culminating on the 15th day of inoculation with visualization of the yeast in the meningeal and parenchyma. In SCID model, twenty-four hours after inoculation were observed in the lung tissue, hemorrhagic areas and a discrete neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, presence of discrete congestion in the lung, diffuse hemorrhage, edema and intense quantity of yeast were observed on the wall of the capillary at 11 days after inoculation. In brain tissue discrete area necrosis liquefaction was observed, focal well as the presence of C. neoformans, interspersed with fragments of necrotic cells was observed. On day 11 after inoculation were large areas of liquefaction necrosis associated with the formation of cavities in the parenchyma and an intense quantify of the yeast. Histopathological examination is one of the techniques usually used in the definitive diagnosis of cryptococcosis.
{"title":"Tissue Changes in Experimental Cryptococcosis in Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Murine Model","authors":"E. G. Silva, J. N. Cavalcanti, F. C. Viani, S. M. D. S. Silva, A. L. T. Dias","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcosis is a subacute or chronic disease caused through the inhalation of infectious particles from the opportunistic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans spp. The objective of the present study was to evaluate cryptococcosis in a murine model Immunocompetent (BALB/c), as well as in a model with combined immunodeficiency (SCID) through histopathological analyzes of pulmonary and cerebral tissues. After intravenous inoculation with 3.0 × 105 viable yeast cells the animals were euthanized daily for evaluation. The study period was 15 days. There were no significant changes in lung tissue in immunocompetent murine model (BALB/c). While in brain tissue, it was observed: congested vessel, evolving when C. neoformans was visualized in the meningeal area, and a large area of ischemia, which evolved throughout the studied period culminating on the 15th day of inoculation with visualization of the yeast in the meningeal and parenchyma. In SCID model, twenty-four hours after inoculation were observed in the lung tissue, hemorrhagic areas and a discrete neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, presence of discrete congestion in the lung, diffuse hemorrhage, edema and intense quantity of yeast were observed on the wall of the capillary at 11 days after inoculation. In brain tissue discrete area necrosis liquefaction was observed, focal well as the presence of C. neoformans, interspersed with fragments of necrotic cells was observed. On day 11 after inoculation were large areas of liquefaction necrosis associated with the formation of cavities in the parenchyma and an intense quantify of the yeast. Histopathological examination is one of the techniques usually used in the definitive diagnosis of cryptococcosis.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115552328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-17DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000264
W. Rieker, E. Reilly, Balamurugan Pandiyan, S. Lom, A. Merry
Objective: Assess varying levels of leukocyte esterase presence on urine dipstick as a risk factor for positive urine culture. Materials and methods: Retrospective evaluation of outpatient laboratory data from Beloit Memorial Hospital obtained randomly from samples in outpatient settings in the year 2016. 2000 urine results obtained from automated urine dipstick and microscopy analysis. From the 2000 samples, 1123 patients randomly selected and grouped into controls and case participants based on positive urine cultures. Information gathered included age and gender. Conclusion: Leukocyte esterase on dipstick analysis at “large” or “moderate” levels are both independent positive predictors of positive urine culture. “Small” level of leukocyte esterase has no predictive value for positive urine culture and “trace” leukocyte level has a negative predictive value for a positive urine culture.
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