Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.349
Jalal Alqhaiwi
The idea of expedited arbitration is manifested in the conduct of the arbitration process in a way that takes into account simplicity and speed in the procedural aspects of the arbitration process to reach a final arbitral award in an effective way that contributes to reducing the duration and cost. This study results in many problems, the most important of which are: the potential threat of the principle of the authority of the will of the parties to resort to expedited arbitration, the conflict between the arbitration agreement and the rules of expedited arbitration, and the lack of certainty about the feasibility of shortening time frames in reducing expenses and expenses. This study came to research expedited arbitration as an innovative route adopted by the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2021, to try to clarify the facts about this route and its effectiveness. The study concluded that the approach adopted by the UNCITRAL Rules to expedited arbitration constitutes a true core of this exceptional path, and has been unique from any institutional rules that included provisions for expedited arbitration by enshrining the principle of parties autonomy. One of the most important recommendations is to examine the possibility of adopting expedited arbitration rules in national legislation in view of the nature and value of disputes considered in the framework of national arbitration, which are all simple and uncomplicated disputes as are disputes in the international contex
{"title":"The Expedited Arbitration: New Direction in UNCITRAL Rules 2021(Comparative Study)","authors":"Jalal Alqhaiwi","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.349","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of expedited arbitration is manifested in the conduct of the arbitration process in a way that takes into account simplicity and speed in the procedural aspects of the arbitration process to reach a final arbitral award in an effective way that contributes to reducing the duration and cost.\u0000This study results in many problems, the most important of which are: the potential threat of the principle of the authority of the will of the parties to resort to expedited arbitration, the conflict between the arbitration agreement and the rules of expedited arbitration, and the lack of certainty about the feasibility of shortening time frames in reducing expenses and expenses.\u0000This study came to research expedited arbitration as an innovative route adopted by the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2021, to try to clarify the facts about this route and its effectiveness.\u0000The study concluded that the approach adopted by the UNCITRAL Rules to expedited arbitration constitutes a true core of this exceptional path, and has been unique from any institutional rules that included provisions for expedited arbitration by enshrining the principle of parties autonomy.\u0000One of the most important recommendations is to examine the possibility of adopting expedited arbitration rules in national legislation in view of the nature and value of disputes considered in the framework of national arbitration, which are all simple and uncomplicated disputes as are disputes in the international contex","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.356
Derar Al-Daboubi, Khalid Al-Ma’aita
The present study will address the legal framework of the liability of the competent entities authorized to handling hazardous goods with the maritime carrier in the Port of Aqaba. The importance of this study lies in the lack of adequate regulation of the liability of these entities within the framework of all relevant international conventions and national legislation, including the Jordanian legislation represented by the Jordanian Maritime Commercial Law of 1978. In particular, international conventions and national legislations have addressed the regulation of the liability of the maritime carrier for the carriage of dangerous goods merely between the shipper and the consignee. The study recommended that the relevant international conventions and the Jordanian Maritime Commercial Law should adopt legal texts defining the legal basis of the liability of these entities and determining the scope and time frame of such liability. This is in order to protect the interest of both the competent entities and the parties affected by the risks and damages caused by these goods.
{"title":"Legal Framework for Liability resulting from Handling the Hazardous Goods in the Port of Aqaba: Critical Analysis of International Conventions and Jordanian Law","authors":"Derar Al-Daboubi, Khalid Al-Ma’aita","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.356","url":null,"abstract":"The present study will address the legal framework of the liability of the competent entities authorized to handling hazardous goods with the maritime carrier in the Port of Aqaba. The importance of this study lies in the lack of adequate regulation of the liability of these entities within the framework of all relevant international conventions and national legislation, including the Jordanian legislation represented by the Jordanian Maritime Commercial Law of 1978. In particular, international conventions and national legislations have addressed the regulation of the liability of the maritime carrier for the carriage of dangerous goods merely between the shipper and the consignee. The study recommended that the relevant international conventions and the Jordanian Maritime Commercial Law should adopt legal texts defining the legal basis of the liability of these entities and determining the scope and time frame of such liability. This is in order to protect the interest of both the competent entities and the parties affected by the risks and damages caused by these goods.","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121759752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.368
Tawfiq Almajali, Muhanned Farhan Al Taani, Wasfi Al Omayreen
concern for both the hosting country and for the foreign investor, and both seek to reach a mutually acceptable form that accommodates their conflicting interests and facing circumstances variation that may associate contract's implementation. The legislative stability condition represents a legal solution which helps parties to a foreign investment contract avoid the risk of changing circumstance associated with long-period contracts in particular. Despite the importance of the legislative stability condition and the legal and practical solutions it has accommodated to the protection of foreign investor and being an alluring factor for him to invest in the hosting country through establishing a sort of balance between conflicting interests in foreign investment contracts, it has not escaped criticism on many counts which has meant that it is necessary to shed light on the evaluation of the legislative stability condition in foreign investment contracts
{"title":"The condition of legislative stability in investment contracts and its evaluation","authors":"Tawfiq Almajali, Muhanned Farhan Al Taani, Wasfi Al Omayreen","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.368","url":null,"abstract":"concern for both the hosting country and for the foreign investor, and both seek to reach a mutually acceptable form that accommodates their conflicting interests and facing circumstances variation that may associate contract's implementation. The legislative stability condition represents a legal solution which helps parties to a foreign investment contract avoid the risk of changing circumstance associated with long-period contracts in particular.\u0000Despite the importance of the legislative stability condition and the legal and practical solutions it has accommodated to the protection of foreign investor and being an alluring factor for him to invest in the hosting country through establishing a sort of balance between conflicting interests in foreign investment contracts, it has not escaped criticism on many counts which has meant that it is necessary to shed light on the evaluation of the legislative stability condition in foreign investment contracts","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130449050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.370
Ibrahim Al nawafleh Al nawafleh
The unconstitutionality invoked is an axis of reform, introduced by the Jordanian constitutional amendment of 2011, as set out in the French Constitutional Amendment of 2008, which was preceded by the Egyptian legislature's approach in the Supreme Constitutional Court Act No. 48 of 1979. Pursuant to the Jordanian Constitution and the Constitutional Court Act No. 15 of 2012, individuals' right to challenge the unconstitutionality of laws and regulations is limited to arguing that they are unconstitutional before the court of law, through substantive proceedings. The referral decision raises questions about its concept, scope, effects, authority and oversight. The study aims to highlight the Court's role in referring directly to the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court for the purpose of determining the constitutionality of legislation suspected of being constitutionalized. It concluded that the trial courts in France, Jordan and Egypt played a very important role in advancing judicial control over the constitutionality of laws. It recommended that Jordan's referral period be shortened, and that Egypt's period be limited
{"title":"The authority of the trial court in referring the unconstitutionality invoked in Jordanian law: a comparative study","authors":"Ibrahim Al nawafleh Al nawafleh","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.370","url":null,"abstract":"The unconstitutionality invoked is an axis of reform, introduced by the Jordanian constitutional amendment of 2011, as set out in the French Constitutional Amendment of 2008, which was preceded by the Egyptian legislature's approach in the Supreme Constitutional Court Act No. 48 of 1979. Pursuant to the Jordanian Constitution and the Constitutional Court Act No. 15 of 2012, individuals' right to challenge the unconstitutionality of laws and regulations is limited to arguing that they are unconstitutional before the court of law, through substantive proceedings.\u0000 The referral decision raises questions about its concept, scope, effects, authority and oversight. The study aims to highlight the Court's role in referring directly to the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court for the purpose of determining the constitutionality of legislation suspected of being constitutionalized. It concluded that the trial courts in France, Jordan and Egypt played a very important role in advancing judicial control over the constitutionality of laws. It recommended that Jordan's referral period be shortened, and that Egypt's period be limited","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132321358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.373
Ahmad Abu Samhadaneh, Ameen Al-Rafai'e
This study aimed at identifying the meaning of the condition under which the insurer maintains the right of terminating the contract by his own willingness and the legitimacy of this condition. The study highlighted the definition of this condition, its objective, characteristics and legal adaptation, where the results revealed that this condition is included by most insurance companies in the insurance document and implies granting the insurer the right to terminate the contract by his own willingness before the legal restricted time without violating the rights of the insured. The most important problem that the study aimed to identify in this vein lies in the extent of legitimacy of this condition, where the results revealed that the condition is valid according to the general rules and considered as an application for the voluntary condition for termination. However, the same condition was found to be arbitrary in the legal rules pertaining consumption contract as being more specified rules according to article (22), section (4) of the law of the Jordanian consumer protection No. 7 of 2017, which implies granting the supplier the right to terminate the contract by his own willingness. Therefore, the court, based on its discretion authority, can cancel this condition, modify it or exempt the insured from it. As for the legal rules governing the insurance contractas more specified umbrella, it was an arbitrary condition that has a special judgment which is cancellation when violating it does not have an impact on the event – the judge's provision is considered as exploring one, but not a stating, where the judge has no discretion authority in this vein. Accordingly, we are left within duality in dealing with this condition legally. Such a duality has been criticized; therefore, we hoped that the Jordanian legislator would eliminate this duality by subjecting all the arbitrary conditions in insurance to the judge's discretion authority in modifying the condition or exempting the insured from it as in the case of the act of protecting the Jordanian consumer, since it achieves justice better than the report of canceling the condition which could be a basic one and may entail cancelling the contract, where this contradicts the intention of protecting the disadvantaged party in the contract.
{"title":"The condition under which the insurer has the right to terminate the insurance contract by his own willingness according to the Jordanian legislation : its meaning and legitimacy","authors":"Ahmad Abu Samhadaneh, Ameen Al-Rafai'e","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.373","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at identifying the meaning of the condition under which the insurer maintains the right of terminating the contract by his own willingness and the legitimacy of this condition. The study highlighted the definition of this condition, its objective, characteristics and legal adaptation, where the results revealed that this condition is included by most insurance companies in the insurance document and implies granting the insurer the right to terminate the contract by his own willingness before the legal restricted time without violating the rights of the insured.\u0000The most important problem that the study aimed to identify in this vein lies in the extent of legitimacy of this condition, where the results revealed that the condition is valid according to the general rules and considered as an application for the voluntary condition for termination. However, the same condition was found to be arbitrary in the legal rules pertaining consumption contract as being more specified rules according to article (22), section (4) of the law of the Jordanian consumer protection No. 7 of 2017, which implies granting the supplier the right to terminate the contract by his own willingness. Therefore, the court, based on its discretion authority, can cancel this condition, modify it or exempt the insured from it. As for the legal rules governing the insurance contractas more specified umbrella, it was an arbitrary condition that has a special judgment which is cancellation when violating it does not have an impact on the event – the judge's provision is considered as exploring one, but not a stating, where the judge has no discretion authority in this vein.\u0000Accordingly, we are left within duality in dealing with this condition legally. Such a duality has been criticized; therefore, we hoped that the Jordanian legislator would eliminate this duality by subjecting all the arbitrary conditions in insurance to the judge's discretion authority in modifying the condition or exempting the insured from it as in the case of the act of protecting the Jordanian consumer, since it achieves justice better than the report of canceling the condition which could be a basic one and may entail cancelling the contract, where this contradicts the intention of protecting the disadvantaged party in the contract.","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.389
Manal Mazahera
This study aimed to identify the impact of rumors through social networks on national security and ways to face them from the point of view of the Jordanian political and media elites. This study belongs to the descriptive studies using the survey methodology, which were conducted on a sample of (125) individual from Jordanian Political and Media Elites. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which was that the most important social network spreading rumors and affecting national security is Facebook, with a percentage of (83.7%), and that The most content of rumors on social networks that poses a threat to national security is "causing confusion and influencing the patriotic feeling of citizens", which reached (90.70%), and that the danger of social media rumors to national security is represented chiefly by “spreading chaos in society.” The study also concluded that the best ways to combat rumors are to provide official information, deny rumors and counter them, which amounting to (72.09%).
{"title":"The impact of spreading rumors through social networks on Jordanian national security, and ways to face it from the perspective of the Jordanian Political and Media Elites","authors":"Manal Mazahera","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.389","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify the impact of rumors through social networks on national security and ways to face them from the point of view of the Jordanian political and media elites. This study belongs to the descriptive studies using the survey methodology, which were conducted on a sample of (125) individual from Jordanian Political and Media Elites. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which was that the most important social network spreading rumors and affecting national security is Facebook, with a percentage of (83.7%), and that The most content of rumors on social networks that poses a threat to national security is \"causing confusion and influencing the patriotic feeling of citizens\", which reached (90.70%), and that the danger of social media rumors to national security is represented chiefly by “spreading chaos in society.” The study also concluded that the best ways to combat rumors are to provide official information, deny rumors and counter them, which amounting to (72.09%).","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116948984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.352
Nicholas Lyall, A. Al-Barasneh, Walid Abu Dalbouh
The study aims at providing an in-depth analysis of the drivers of China’s peace building engagement and examining the interactive nature of the various drivers and factors that played remarkable role in increasing China’s economic rise and leadership in the international system. To approach the study goals, descriptive-analytical method has been employed along with Hudson’s foreign policy analysis through which China’s aims and motivations of engaging in peace building are illustrated. The paper concludes that China seeks to shape its great power leadership and identity where the case studies revealed that China’s economic engagement as part of its peace building efforts is increasingly being driven by Chinese great power status and geostrategic security interests. Simultaneously, as seen in the Darfur War, Myanmar, Mali, South Sudan, and Afghanistan, China’s policy towards conflict zones has undergone a tangible and salient transition from one of avoidance to one of increasing interest and engagement
{"title":"China’s changing engagement in global peace building and conflict resolution: drivers and trends","authors":"Nicholas Lyall, A. Al-Barasneh, Walid Abu Dalbouh","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.352","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims at providing an in-depth analysis of the drivers of China’s peace building engagement and examining the interactive nature of the various drivers and factors that played remarkable role in increasing China’s economic rise and leadership in the international system. To approach the study goals, descriptive-analytical method has been employed along with Hudson’s foreign policy analysis through which China’s aims and motivations of engaging in peace building are illustrated. The paper concludes that China seeks to shape its great power leadership and identity where the case studies revealed that China’s economic engagement as part of its peace building efforts is increasingly being driven by Chinese great power status and geostrategic security interests. Simultaneously, as seen in the Darfur War, Myanmar, Mali, South Sudan, and Afghanistan, China’s policy towards conflict zones has undergone a tangible and salient transition from one of avoidance to one of increasing interest and engagement","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"438 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116579502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.354
Enas Qutieshat, Bassam Al-Tarawneh, Osamah Al Naimat
Contract theory is considered one of the legal theories most affected by technological development. Technology has become a challenge and a test of the extent to which the provisions of the law related to the contract on the basis whether such theory is able to respond to technical development. This paper deals with smart contracts in the light of the Jordanian civil law texts and the Jordanian electronic transactions law, to determine whether the current legal texts can recognize the legality of such contracts on the one hand and the ability of the Jordanian legal system to apply this type of contracts. It has been concluded that the smart contract cannot be considered a contract unless the basic pillars of any of the contracts stipulated in the civil law are available. The Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law until the moment of writing does not regulate smart contracts based on automated implementation of the terms of the contract without human intervention, as it covers only the stage of contract creation. In addition, the mechanism of creating and implementing this type of contract constitutes a legal challenge to most of the rules governing the contract in Jordanian law.
{"title":"The Legal Status of Smart Contracts According to the Jordanian Civil Law Theory of Contracts","authors":"Enas Qutieshat, Bassam Al-Tarawneh, Osamah Al Naimat","doi":"10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i4.354","url":null,"abstract":"Contract theory is considered one of the legal theories most affected by technological development. Technology has become a challenge and a test of the extent to which the provisions of the law related to the contract on the basis whether such theory is able to respond to technical development. This paper deals with smart contracts in the light of the Jordanian civil law texts and the Jordanian electronic transactions law, to determine whether the current legal texts can recognize the legality of such contracts on the one hand and the ability of the Jordanian legal system to apply this type of contracts. It has been concluded that the smart contract cannot be considered a contract unless the basic pillars of any of the contracts stipulated in the civil law are available. The Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law until the moment of writing does not regulate smart contracts based on automated implementation of the terms of the contract without human intervention, as it covers only the stage of contract creation. In addition, the mechanism of creating and implementing this type of contract constitutes a legal challenge to most of the rules governing the contract in Jordanian law.","PeriodicalId":270369,"journal":{"name":"Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i3.457
عُلا عباسي
رتب القانون الدولي العام المسؤولية الدولية حال مخالفة أحكامه وقواعده، إذا نتج عنها إلحاق ضرر بسبب سلوك غير مشروع قام به أحد أشخاصه، والمسؤولية الدولية تقوم على أساس الخطأ أو ارتكاب فعل غير مشروع، وكذلك تقوم مسؤولية الدولة عن أفعالها التي قد يترتب عليها إلحاق أضرار بالغير، ولو كان السلوك ذاته مشروع إلا أنه يوصف بالخطر في حد ذاته ويحتمل أن يلحق ضرر بالدول الأخرى. وتنطبق القواعد العامة للمسؤولية الدولية على أعمال التخلص من النفايات الضارة، بغض النظر عن طرق التخلص منها كأن يتم دفنها بصورة غير أمنة، أو تصريفها في المياه، وعدم مراعاة المعايير الدولية المنظمة لهذا الأمر، شريطة وقوع ضرر يلحق بدولة أخرى. ولقد تصدت اتفاقية بازل عام 1989م لإشكالية التخلص من النفايات الخطرة، إلا أنها عجزت عن التوصل الى حظر تام لعمليات نقل النفايات الخطرة، إذ جاءت بتنظيم دولي لمراقبة حركة نقل النفايات الخطرة عبر الحدود الدولية، وهو ما جعل من الاتفاقية مجرد غطاء لإضفاء الشرعية القانونية على تجارة نقل النفايات الخطرة ما بين الدول الأعضاء في الاتفاقية، ويتعارض ذلك مع الهدف الذي ابرمت الاتفاقية من أجله والمتمثل بحماية الدول النامية من الأضرار البيئية الناجمة عن نقل النفايات الخطرة الى أراضيها. ومن خلال هذه الدراسة تم تسليط الضوء على تعريف النفايات الخطرة وأنواعها وأضرارها، وكيفية نقلها والتخلص منها عبر الحدود الدولية، وفق أحكام اتفاقية بازل، مع استعراض آليات تنفيذ أحكام هذه الاتفاقية، كما تم التطرق للمسؤولية الدولية عن نقل وتخزين النفايات الخطرة، والأساس القانوني لهذه المسؤولية، وما يترتب عليها من آثار قانونية، وفي النهاية توصلت الباحثة لمجموعة من النتائج اهمها : أن هناك التزام جوهري يقع على عاتق الدول، سواء كانت طرفاً في اتفاقية بازل، أم لا، بضرورة التخلص من النفايات الخطرة بصورة أمنة، وإخضاعها لنظام خاص يمنع أضرارها، وإلا تتحمل المسؤولية الدولية المترتبة على هذه الأضرار، كما وتوصلت الباحثة لمجموعة من التوصيات اهمها : ضرورة النص على تجريم فعل تصدير النفايات الخطرة بشكل كلي، وذلك انطلاقاً من القصور الواضح في اتفاقية بازل لسنة 1989م، والتي تسمح بنقل النفايات الخطرة بين الدول الأطراف، فعلى الرغم من تضمن الاتفاقية لشروط يجب مراعاتها حتى يمكن التصدير، إلا أن هذه الشروط من شأنها فتح الباب للانتقال غير المشروع للنفايات الخطرة عن طريق التحايل، مقابل ما تجنيه الدول من أرباح
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Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.35682/jjlps.v14i3.461
مهند الطعاني, راجح السيد مصبح, محمد بن طريف
تتناول هذه الدراسة التزام قانوني فرضه المشرع على المحكم وهو الالتزام بالإفصاح عن أي ظروف تثير الشك حول حيدته واستقلاله، كما انه واجب وطني واخلاقي تفرضه قواعد مهنه التحكيم، باعتباره من الالتزامات الأساسية التي يقوم عليها وهو التزام دائم ومستمر أثناء سير العملية التحكيمية للكشف عن أي وقائع أو ظروف جديدة أو طارئة وحتى صدور الحكم النهائي في التحكيم. وقد أحاط المشرع أطراف التحكيم بضمانه حقيقية تحفظ لهم حقوقهم دون المساس بشخص المحكم وذلك بطاب رده وابعاده عن النزاع والفصل فيه في حال ثبت تحيز المحكم وعدم واستقلاله، كما تناولت الدراسة كيفية تنظيم طلب الرد وإجراءاته والجهة المختصة بالفصل فيه، والاثار القانونية المترتبة عليه من خلال المقارنة بين النصوص القانونية المتعلقة برد المحكم الواردة في قانون التحكيم الأردني رقم (31) لسنة 2001م وتعديلاته وقانون التحكيم الفلسطيني رقم (3) لسنة 2000م، المعمول به في دوله فلسطين، مع الإشارة الى بعض الاتفاقيات الدولية التي عالجت المسألة مع عرض لبعض الآراء الفقهية والاحكام القضائية. والتوصية بضرورة تدخل المُشرِّع الأردني بالعمل على وقف السير في إجراءات التحكيم لحين البت في طلب الرد، والتوصية للمشرع الفلسطيني بتعديل المادة (14) من قانون التحكيم رقم (3) لسنة 2000 بحيث تكون صلاحية الفصل في طلب الرد للمحكمة المختصة وليس لهيئة التحكيم على ان يقدم الطلب إلى هيئة التحكيم ابتداء
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