Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172736
Hanqing Liu, Xuguang Zhang, Hexiang Zhang, Yi Zheng
The growing global demand for freshwater has intensified the need for sustainable and cost-effective desalination technologies. Here, we report a marine-biomass-bilayer-hydrogel (MBBH) evaporator composed of chitosan, sodium alginate, and squid-ink pigment for efficient solar-driven water purification. The bilayer design integrates a photothermal black layer for broadband solar absorption with a white supporting layer that provides water transport and thermal insulation. A double-lyophilization process produces a hierarchical porous network that ensures rapid capillary water supply, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and excellent structural stability. Under 1 Sun illumination, the MBBH achieves an evaporation rate of 2.9 kg/(m2·h), while concentrated 5 Suns exposure yields up to 16.3 kg/(m2·h) without structural degradation. The device exhibits strong salt resistance, maintaining stable performance even at 10 wt% sodium chloride. Comparative studies of water-supply and insulation strategies reveal that indirect water feeding, and side-foam insulation effectively suppress heat loss and enhance efficiency. This work demonstrates a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally benign approach to solar desalination using fully marine-sourced biopolymers.
{"title":"Marine biomass-derived bilayer hydrogel for efficient solar desalination","authors":"Hanqing Liu, Xuguang Zhang, Hexiang Zhang, Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.172736","url":null,"abstract":"The growing global demand for freshwater has intensified the need for sustainable and cost-effective desalination technologies. Here, we report a marine-biomass-bilayer-hydrogel (MBBH) evaporator composed of chitosan, sodium alginate, and squid-ink pigment for efficient solar-driven water purification. The bilayer design integrates a photothermal black layer for broadband solar absorption with a white supporting layer that provides water transport and thermal insulation. A double-lyophilization process produces a hierarchical porous network that ensures rapid capillary water supply, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and excellent structural stability. Under 1 Sun illumination, the MBBH achieves an evaporation rate of 2.9 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>·h), while concentrated 5 Suns exposure yields up to 16.3 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>·h) without structural degradation. The device exhibits strong salt resistance, maintaining stable performance even at 10 wt% sodium chloride. Comparative studies of water-supply and insulation strategies reveal that indirect water feeding, and side-foam insulation effectively suppress heat loss and enhance efficiency. This work demonstrates a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally benign approach to solar desalination using fully marine-sourced biopolymers.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172567
Mengyu Yao , Qi-Qi Yang , Huang-Hao Tang , Xue-Yan Li , Wei Xie , Chao Wang , Song Yang , Xingshu Li , Mei-Rong Ke , Jian-Dong Huang
Metastatic dissemination remains the leading cause of cancer mortality, while current therapies with anti-metastasis efficacy are still scarce and exhibit poor efficiency. Thus, developing efficient and safe drugs for simultaneous cancer therapy and metastasis suppression is imperative but challenging, due to the complicated underlying mechanisms of metastasis. Herein, we develop a pioneering domino cascade prodrug (PcNI) based on a H2S-responsive zinc(II) phthalocyanine photosensitizer, which is further encapsulated with a tumor-homing DSPE-PEG-cRGD nanocarrier to obtain PcNI@RNPs, for photodynamic and multiple-mechanism synergistic anti-metastatic therapy. Upon cancer cell-specific internalization, PcNI is released from PcNI@RNPs and reacts with endogenously high H2S level, concomitant with H2S consumption that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, H2S triggers the triple activation of PcNI including fluorescence, photodynamic activity, and Golgi targeting (specifically, cyclooxygenase-2 binding) capacity. As a result, the ROS generation of PcNI induced by light causes irreversible Golgi damage and blockade of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway, leading to the suppression of metastasis-associated protein, reprogramming of the immunosuppressive microenvironment via tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) repolarization from M2 to M1 phenotype, enhanced infiltration of CD4+/CD8+ T-cell, and cytokine remodeling. Consequently, PcNI@RNPs exhibited an excellent inhibition of primary tumor and lung metastasis through metabolic intervention, organelle dysfunction, and immune reprogramming. This work provides an innovative molecular design strategy for domino cascade prodrug against intractable metastatic cancers.
{"title":"Phthalocyanine-based prodrug with H₂S-triggered domino cascade for photodynamic and multiple-mechanism synergistic anti-metastatic therapy","authors":"Mengyu Yao , Qi-Qi Yang , Huang-Hao Tang , Xue-Yan Li , Wei Xie , Chao Wang , Song Yang , Xingshu Li , Mei-Rong Ke , Jian-Dong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metastatic dissemination remains the leading cause of cancer mortality, while current therapies with anti-metastasis efficacy are still scarce and exhibit poor efficiency. Thus, developing efficient and safe drugs for simultaneous cancer therapy and metastasis suppression is imperative but challenging, due to the complicated underlying mechanisms of metastasis. Herein, we develop a pioneering domino cascade prodrug (PcNI) based on a H<sub>2</sub>S-responsive zinc(II) phthalocyanine photosensitizer, which is further encapsulated with a tumor-homing DSPE-PEG-cRGD nanocarrier to obtain PcNI@RNPs, for photodynamic and multiple-mechanism synergistic anti-metastatic therapy. Upon cancer cell-specific internalization, PcNI is released from PcNI@RNPs and reacts with endogenously high H<sub>2</sub>S level, concomitant with H<sub>2</sub>S consumption that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, H<sub>2</sub>S triggers the triple activation of PcNI including fluorescence, photodynamic activity, and Golgi targeting (specifically, cyclooxygenase-2 binding) capacity. As a result, the ROS generation of PcNI induced by light causes irreversible Golgi damage and blockade of the COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> pathway, leading to the suppression of metastasis-associated protein, reprogramming of the immunosuppressive microenvironment via tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) repolarization from M2 to M1 phenotype, enhanced infiltration of CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell, and cytokine remodeling. Consequently, PcNI@RNPs exhibited an excellent inhibition of primary tumor and lung metastasis through metabolic intervention, organelle dysfunction, and immune reprogramming. This work provides an innovative molecular design strategy for domino cascade prodrug against intractable metastatic cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"529 ","pages":"Article 172567"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172664
Baihui Wu , Haiyang Yu , Haiyang Huang , Tao Jiang , Haoran Zou , Hanbing Wang , Rongbing Chen , Qinsi Yang , Guoming Zeng , Jiangfei Chen , Da Sun
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of significant concern due to their environmental persistence and biotoxicity. Among their substitutes, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is highly resistant to natural degradation due to its chemical stability, leading to continuous accumulation in the environment, thereby posing threats to ecosystems and health. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradation and detoxification capabilities of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) on 6:2 FTSA and its molecular mechanisms. Mechanistic analyzes indicate that manganese peroxidase (MnP) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-associated oxidative processes are functionally involved in the transformation of 6:2 FTSA. MnP is associated with oxidative defluorination and CF bond cleavage, while CYP450-associated processes contribute to desulfonation and hydroxylation, collectively enabling efficient breakdown of the 6:2 FTSA structure. P. chrysosporium was cultured and exposed to 6:2 FTSA, and its degradation efficiency and toxicity mitigation effects were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that P. chrysosporium degraded 6:2 FTSA at a rate of approximately 100 % (99.97 ± 0.21 %) within 7 days, producing short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids via desulfonation, oxidation, and defluorination. Following enzymatic transformation, these metabolites significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish embryos, demonstrating their detoxification effects. Molecular mechanism analysis revealed that 6:2 FTSA induced reprogramming of the fungal redox balance, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways, with Mnp-associated oxidative processes closely linked to defluorination. This study demonstrates the strong potential of P. chrysosporium to remediate PFAS substitutes, thereby providing a theoretical foundation and experimental support for developing efficient and eco-friendly bioremediation technologies.
{"title":"Efficient biodegradation and detoxification of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Insights into enzymatic mechanisms and reduced ecotoxicity","authors":"Baihui Wu , Haiyang Yu , Haiyang Huang , Tao Jiang , Haoran Zou , Hanbing Wang , Rongbing Chen , Qinsi Yang , Guoming Zeng , Jiangfei Chen , Da Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Per</em>- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of significant concern due to their environmental persistence and biotoxicity. Among their substitutes, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is highly resistant to natural degradation due to its chemical stability, leading to continuous accumulation in the environment, thereby posing threats to ecosystems and health. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradation and detoxification capabilities of the white-rot fungus <em>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</em> (<em>P. chrysosporium</em>) on 6:2 FTSA and its molecular mechanisms. Mechanistic analyzes indicate that manganese peroxidase (MnP) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-associated oxidative processes are functionally involved in the transformation of 6:2 FTSA. MnP is associated with oxidative defluorination and C<img>F bond cleavage, while CYP450-associated processes contribute to desulfonation and hydroxylation, collectively enabling efficient breakdown of the 6:2 FTSA structure. <em>P. chrysosporium</em> was cultured and exposed to 6:2 FTSA, and its degradation efficiency and toxicity mitigation effects were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that <em>P. chrysosporium</em> degraded 6:2 FTSA at a rate of approximately 100 % (99.97 ± 0.21 %) within 7 days, producing short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids via desulfonation, oxidation, and defluorination. Following enzymatic transformation, these metabolites significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish embryos, demonstrating their detoxification effects. Molecular mechanism analysis revealed that 6:2 FTSA induced reprogramming of the fungal redox balance, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways, with Mnp-associated oxidative processes closely linked to defluorination. This study demonstrates the strong potential of <em>P. chrysosporium</em> to remediate PFAS substitutes, thereby providing a theoretical foundation and experimental support for developing efficient and eco-friendly bioremediation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"529 ","pages":"Article 172664"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172579
Yungang Zhou
Recently MXenes, owing to facile syntheses and superior properties, have widely been reported as promising catalysts for sodium‑sulfur (NaS) batteries. Note that all previous studies focused exclusively on carbide MXene catalysts, leaving potentials of nitride MXenes, that are nearly as abundant as their carbide counterparts, unexplored. In this work, we, selecting M2NSe2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) as typical representatives, systematically evaluated potentials of nitride MXenes as catalysts for NaS batteries. Our results demonstrated that nitride MXenes can exhibit all desirable electrochemical properties required by an efficient catalyst of NaS battery. (1) Through investigations of 18 electrolyte soluble molecules@sodium polysulfides (ESM@NaPSs) and 234 NaPSs@M2NSe2 configurations, we revealed that M2NSe2 can possess good anchoring abilities for suppressing shuttle effects without decompositions of NaPSs species. (2) M2NSe2 represent outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) and Na2S decomposition, which is beneficial to both charging and discharging processes. (3) Meanwhile, Na diffusion barriers on M2NSe2 are extremely small, enabling spontaneous Na migrations on M2NSe2 substrates at room temperature. (4) In addition, pristine and NaPSs absorbed M2NSe2 systems exhibit excellent electronic conductivities, which effectively remedies poor conductivities of sulfur and short order NaPSs of NaS battery. Unexpectedly, comparative analysis reveals that electrochemical properties of M2NSe2 here are overall superior to those of all previously reported carbide MXenes. Our work successfully discloses three more high-efficiency MXene catalysts, and furthermore it opens an entranceway for entrances of a mass of overlooked nitride MXenes in catalytic family of NaS battery.
{"title":"Uncovering nitride MXenes with excellent polysulfide anchoring and catalytic performances toward application in sodium‑sulfur batteries","authors":"Yungang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.172579","url":null,"abstract":"Recently MXenes, owing to facile syntheses and superior properties, have widely been reported as promising catalysts for sodium‑sulfur (Na<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>S) batteries. Note that all previous studies focused exclusively on carbide MXene catalysts, leaving potentials of nitride MXenes, that are nearly as abundant as their carbide counterparts, unexplored. In this work, we, selecting M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) as typical representatives, systematically evaluated potentials of nitride MXenes as catalysts for Na<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>S batteries. Our results demonstrated that nitride MXenes can exhibit all desirable electrochemical properties required by an efficient catalyst of Na<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>S battery. (1) Through investigations of 18 electrolyte soluble molecules@sodium polysulfides (ESM@NaPSs) and 234 NaPSs@M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> configurations, we revealed that M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> can possess good anchoring abilities for suppressing shuttle effects without decompositions of NaPSs species. (2) M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> represent outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) and Na<sub>2</sub>S decomposition, which is beneficial to both charging and discharging processes. (3) Meanwhile, Na diffusion barriers on M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> are extremely small, enabling spontaneous Na migrations on M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> substrates at room temperature. (4) In addition, pristine and NaPSs absorbed M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> systems exhibit excellent electronic conductivities, which effectively remedies poor conductivities of sulfur and short order NaPSs of Na<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>S battery. Unexpectedly, comparative analysis reveals that electrochemical properties of M<sub>2</sub>NSe<sub>2</sub> here are overall superior to those of all previously reported carbide MXenes. Our work successfully discloses three more high-efficiency MXene catalysts, and furthermore it opens an entranceway for entrances of a mass of overlooked nitride MXenes in catalytic family of Na<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>S battery.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"386 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172703
Balamurugan Thirumalraj, Balasubramanian Sriram, Rohan B. Ambade, Balamurugan Muthukutty, Daeho Lee, Akram Alfantazi, Sea-Fue Wang, Ahmed K. Alkaabi
The 2D/2D interface engineering approach offers a versatile and high-performance framework for electrochemical sensors that detect a broad spectrum of nitro compounds, paving the way for advancements in next-generation sensors and point-of-care technology. Herein, an ultra-sensitive nilutamide (NLT) sensor using defect-rich NiFe-layered double hydroxide/tungsten carbide MXene (d-NiFe-LDH/WC) composite via a 2D/2D interface engineering method, leveraging the synergistic effects of high redox activity and exceptional conductivity. The development of a defect-rich NiFe-LDH/WC nanocomposite was validated by structural and morphological investigations. The electrochemical investigations using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that NLT could be more precisely detected. The methods had a dual linear detection range of 0.002–5.82 μM and 5.82–545.34 μM, with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 nM. The sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, minimal interference from common chemicals and bioactive species, and reliable recoveries ranging from ±96.57 % to 99.75 % in spiked real samples, including water, serum, and urine, highlighting its potential for practical applications. To detect trace amounts of NLT in real-world samples, the proposed innovative sensor offers an easy-to-use, highly sensitive electrochemical sensing approach.
{"title":"Defect-engineered NiFe-LDH/MXene composite: A reliable and ultra-sensitive sensor for nilutamide","authors":"Balamurugan Thirumalraj, Balasubramanian Sriram, Rohan B. Ambade, Balamurugan Muthukutty, Daeho Lee, Akram Alfantazi, Sea-Fue Wang, Ahmed K. Alkaabi","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.172703","url":null,"abstract":"The 2D/2D interface engineering approach offers a versatile and high-performance framework for electrochemical sensors that detect a broad spectrum of nitro compounds, paving the way for advancements in next-generation sensors and point-of-care technology. Herein, an ultra-sensitive nilutamide (NLT) sensor using defect-rich NiFe-layered double hydroxide/tungsten carbide MXene (d-NiFe-LDH/WC) composite via a 2D/2D interface engineering method, leveraging the synergistic effects of high redox activity and exceptional conductivity. The development of a defect-rich NiFe-LDH/WC nanocomposite was validated by structural and morphological investigations. The electrochemical investigations using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that NLT could be more precisely detected. The methods had a dual linear detection range of 0.002–5.82 μM and 5.82–545.34 μM, with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 nM. The sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, minimal interference from common chemicals and bioactive species, and reliable recoveries ranging from ±96.57 % to 99.75 % in spiked real samples, including water, serum, and urine, highlighting its potential for practical applications. To detect trace amounts of NLT in real-world samples, the proposed innovative sensor offers an easy-to-use, highly sensitive electrochemical sensing approach.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172655
Chen Qiu, Liwei Yan, Haoxiang Chen, Yisen Huang, Binbin Sun, Fenglin Wang, Yang Chen, Huawei Zou, Yinfu Luo, Mei Liang
The next-generation spacecraft will enter the atmosphere at higher reentry speeds, imposing more stringent requirements on the thermal oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of thermal protective ablative materials. A novel resin with high temperature in-situ crosslinking and self-ceramicization characteristics was successfully constructed by integrating carborane (CB) with phenolic resin (PR). The initial thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) and the charring yield at 800 °C (R800°C) of carborane hybrid phenolic resin (CBDPR) were increased to 394.9 °C and 83.81 % in air. Excellent thermo-oxidative stability is the result of the combined action of multiple mechanisms such as free radical quenching, high-temperature chemical crosslinking and ceramicization. Meanwhile, the mass ablation rates (MAR) of CBDPR0.1 and CF/CBDPR0.1 were 0.058 and 0.045 g/s, which were 26.58 and 43.04 % lower than those of PR, and the linear ablation rates (LAR) were −0.003 and 0.002 mm/s. Excellent ablation performance of the resin and its composites during oxyacetylene ablation (4 MW/m2, 30 s) attributable to ceramization, graphitization and the synergistic interaction between carbon fiber and CBDPR. This research will provide some inspiration for the fabrication of advanced polymer-matrix ablative composites in the future.
{"title":"High temperature in-situ crosslinking and self-ceramic phenolic resin driven by carborane hybrid for thermal protection up to 2500 °C","authors":"Chen Qiu, Liwei Yan, Haoxiang Chen, Yisen Huang, Binbin Sun, Fenglin Wang, Yang Chen, Huawei Zou, Yinfu Luo, Mei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The next-generation spacecraft will enter the atmosphere at higher reentry speeds, imposing more stringent requirements on the thermal oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of thermal protective ablative materials. A novel resin with high temperature in-situ crosslinking and self-ceramicization characteristics was successfully constructed by integrating carborane (CB) with phenolic resin (PR). The initial thermal decomposition temperature (T<sub>5%</sub>) and the charring yield at 800 °C (R<sub>800°C</sub>) of carborane hybrid phenolic resin (CBDPR) were increased to 394.9 °C and 83.81 % in air. Excellent thermo-oxidative stability is the result of the combined action of multiple mechanisms such as free radical quenching, high-temperature chemical crosslinking and ceramicization. Meanwhile, the mass ablation rates (MAR) of CBDPR<sub>0.1</sub> and CF/CBDPR<sub>0.1</sub> were 0.058 and 0.045 g/s, which were 26.58 and 43.04 % lower than those of PR, and the linear ablation rates (LAR) were −0.003 and 0.002 mm/s. Excellent ablation performance of the resin and its composites during oxyacetylene ablation (4 MW/m<sup>2</sup>, 30 s) attributable to ceramization, graphitization and the synergistic interaction between carbon fiber and CBDPR. This research will provide some inspiration for the fabrication of advanced polymer-matrix ablative composites in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"529 ","pages":"Article 172655"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172711
Shuai Xia , Haoying Lu , Jialu He , Yunxiang Lei , Wenbo Dai , Yuye Chai , Yangyang Song , Xiaobo Huang , Huayue Wu
Although remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, most reported systems still rely predominantly on ultraviolet excitation, and RTP materials which can be excited by visible light remain extremely rare. In this work, a series of host-guest organic doped systems are rationally constructed using butyl 7-methyl-7H-benzo[c]carbazole-6-carboxylate (BMBC) derivatives containing ester unit as guest emitters, and rigid small organic molecules such as 4,4′-dimethylbenzophenone as host molecules, successfully realizing visible-light-excited RTP emissions. These doped materials exhibit distinct yellow afterglow under both ultraviolet and visible light excitation, with phosphorescence lifetimes ranging from 284 to 447 ms and persistent afterglow durations of 2–5 s. The excellent visible-light-excited RTP performance of these doped systems can be attributed to three synergistic factors: (i) the push-pull electronic configuration of the BMBC derivatives induces an intramolecular charge transfer effect, effectively red-shifting the absorption band into the visible region; (ii) the rigid microenvironment provided by the host molecules suppresses molecular vibrations and non-radiative decay through spatial confinement, thereby stabilizing triplet excitons; (iii) the electron-withdrawing ester groups of the guest molecules lower the HOMO-LUMO energy levels, enhance spin-orbit coupling, and facilitate intersystem crossing, which play crucial role in achieving visible-light-excited RTP. Furthermore, the applications of these materials in the field of phosphorescence materials were investigated, and the self-luminous safety exit indicating module and humidity indicating film excited by visible-light were fabricated.
{"title":"Ester-induced energy-level modulation and host–guest synergy in visible-light-excited organic room-temperature phosphorescence","authors":"Shuai Xia , Haoying Lu , Jialu He , Yunxiang Lei , Wenbo Dai , Yuye Chai , Yangyang Song , Xiaobo Huang , Huayue Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, most reported systems still rely predominantly on ultraviolet excitation, and RTP materials which can be excited by visible light remain extremely rare. In this work, a series of host-guest organic doped systems are rationally constructed using butyl 7-methyl-7<em>H</em>-benzo[<em>c</em>]carbazole-6-carboxylate (<strong>BMBC</strong>) derivatives containing ester unit as guest emitters, and rigid small organic molecules such as 4,4′-dimethylbenzophenone as host molecules, successfully realizing visible-light-excited RTP emissions. These doped materials exhibit distinct yellow afterglow under both ultraviolet and visible light excitation, with phosphorescence lifetimes ranging from 284 to 447 ms and persistent afterglow durations of 2–5 s. The excellent visible-light-excited RTP performance of these doped systems can be attributed to three synergistic factors: (i) the push-pull electronic configuration of the <strong>BMBC</strong> derivatives induces an intramolecular charge transfer effect, effectively red-shifting the absorption band into the visible region; (ii) the rigid microenvironment provided by the host molecules suppresses molecular vibrations and non-radiative decay through spatial confinement, thereby stabilizing triplet excitons; (iii) the electron-withdrawing ester groups of the guest molecules lower the HOMO-LUMO energy levels, enhance spin-orbit coupling, and facilitate intersystem crossing, which play crucial role in achieving visible-light-excited RTP. Furthermore, the applications of these materials in the field of phosphorescence materials were investigated, and the self-luminous safety exit indicating module and humidity indicating film excited by visible-light were fabricated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"529 ","pages":"Article 172711"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.172729
Weiming Wu , Zhong-Kun Li , Dong Yan , Xiaolong Wang , Chao Liu , Shaogang Hou
Epitaxial growth of (002)-textured V10O24·12H2O nanobelts on graphene is realized through a simple hydrothermal reaction for the first time. For the composite of V10O24·12H2O nanobelts grown on graphene (denoted as V10O24@graphene), the advantages of large interlayer spacing of the (002)-textured V10O24·12H2O nanobelts, and high electrical conductivity, ultrathin nature and superior chemical stability of the graphene are combined consummately together to form an excellent cathode for zinc storage. As cathode of the zinc ions batteries, V10O24@graphene delivers excellent both rate performance and cycling durability, an outstanding capacity of 234.5 mAh g−1 is obtained even at an ultrahigh current density of 20.0 A g−1, and an excellent 97.9 % capacity retention is achieved during ultralong-term 7000 charging/discharging cycles at 10.0 A g−1 as well. In addition, it affords a novel and facile avenue to grow the textured vanadium oxides or other similar metal oxides on graphene with an epitaxial manner through a simple and cost-effective process.
首次通过简单的水热反应实现了（002）织构V10O24·12H2O纳米带在石墨烯上的外延生长。在石墨烯上生长的V10O24·12H2O纳米带（表示为V10O24@graphene）的复合材料，将（002）纹理V10O24·12H2O纳米带层间距大的优点与石墨烯的高导电性、超薄性和优异的化学稳定性完美地结合在一起，形成了一种优良的储锌阴极。作为锌离子电池的阴极，V10O24@graphene具有优异的倍率性能和循环耐久性，即使在20.0 A g−1的超高电流密度下也能获得234.5 mAh g−1的出色容量，并且在10.0 A g−1的超长7000次充放电循环中也能获得97.9%的出色容量保持率。此外，它还提供了一种新颖而便捷的途径，通过简单而经济的工艺，以外延的方式在石墨烯上生长有纹理的钒氧化物或其他类似的金属氧化物。
{"title":"Epitaxial growth of (002)-textured V10O24·12H2O nanobelts on graphene towards excellent zinc storage","authors":"Weiming Wu , Zhong-Kun Li , Dong Yan , Xiaolong Wang , Chao Liu , Shaogang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.172729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epitaxial growth of (002)-textured V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>24</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O nanobelts on graphene is realized through a simple hydrothermal reaction for the first time. For the composite of V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>24</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O nanobelts grown on graphene (denoted as V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>24</sub>@graphene), the advantages of large interlayer spacing of the (002)-textured V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>24</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O nanobelts, and high electrical conductivity, ultrathin nature and superior chemical stability of the graphene are combined consummately together to form an excellent cathode for zinc storage. As cathode of the zinc ions batteries, V<sub>10</sub>O<sub>24</sub>@graphene delivers excellent both rate performance and cycling durability, an outstanding capacity of 234.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> is obtained even at an ultrahigh current density of 20.0 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and an excellent 97.9 % capacity retention is achieved during ultralong-term 7000 charging/discharging cycles at 10.0 A g<sup>−1</sup> as well. In addition, it affords a novel and facile avenue to grow the textured vanadium oxides or other similar metal oxides on graphene with an epitaxial manner through a simple and cost-effective process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"529 ","pages":"Article 172729"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, dual-mode flexible sensors equipped with both tactile and proximity sensing capabilities have demonstrated great application prospects in the field of human-machine interaction. Dual-mode sensors that integrate of proximity and contact significantly enhance their ability to perceive the environment and interact with touchable and non-touchable objects within it. Here, we utilize the edge effect of capacitive sensors and the pattern ability of liquid metal, a flexible dual-mode capacitive sensor (PPS) based on snowflake-like flowable electrodes and multi-level microstructured dielectric layers is proposed. The sensor is manufactured using demolding technology, and the injection method is used to realize the snowflake-like patterning of liquid metal. Among them, the snowflake-like design of the electrode layer enhances the edge effect of the capacitive sensor, and the sensing distance can reach up to 100 mm in proximity sensing mode. When approaching objects come closer at different speeds, the sensor exhibits excellent resolution and high stability. Meanwhile, the structural design of the multi-level semicircular microstructured dielectric layer provides high linear sensitivity (R2 = 0.98749) and wide detection range (0–320 kPa) for the sensor in contact sensing mode. We constructed a 3 × 3 proximity sensing array to identify the motion trajectory of the human hand. At the same time, sensors are integrated into the limbs and ends of robotic arms to recognize approaching obstacles. The experimental results verify the feasibility and potential value of the sensor in the fields of human-machine interaction, intelligent perception, and motion tracking.
{"title":"Flexible dual-mode capacitive sensor based on snowflake-like flowable electrode and multi-level microstructured dielectric layer with long proximity sensing distance and high linear sensitivity","authors":"Yuxia Li, Wenzheng Song, Liangsong Huang, Peng Zhang, Liqun Yang, Zhichao Mu, Ranran Yang, Yuteng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.172401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.172401","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, dual-mode flexible sensors equipped with both tactile and proximity sensing capabilities have demonstrated great application prospects in the field of human-machine interaction. Dual-mode sensors that integrate of proximity and contact significantly enhance their ability to perceive the environment and interact with touchable and non-touchable objects within it. Here, we utilize the edge effect of capacitive sensors and the pattern ability of liquid metal, a flexible dual-mode capacitive sensor (PPS) based on snowflake-like flowable electrodes and multi-level microstructured dielectric layers is proposed. The sensor is manufactured using demolding technology, and the injection method is used to realize the snowflake-like patterning of liquid metal. Among them, the snowflake-like design of the electrode layer enhances the edge effect of the capacitive sensor, and the sensing distance can reach up to 100 mm in proximity sensing mode. When approaching objects come closer at different speeds, the sensor exhibits excellent resolution and high stability. Meanwhile, the structural design of the multi-level semicircular microstructured dielectric layer provides high linear sensitivity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98749) and wide detection range (0–320 kPa) for the sensor in contact sensing mode. We constructed a 3 × 3 proximity sensing array to identify the motion trajectory of the human hand. At the same time, sensors are integrated into the limbs and ends of robotic arms to recognize approaching obstacles. The experimental results verify the feasibility and potential value of the sensor in the fields of human-machine interaction, intelligent perception, and motion tracking.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S) batteries. Note that all previous studies focused exclusively on carbide MXene catalysts, leaving potentials of nitride MXenes, that are nearly as abundant as their carbide counterparts, unexplored. In this work, we, selecting M2NSe2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) as typical representatives, systematically evaluated potentials of nitride MXenes as catalysts for Na
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