Jigoro Kano posited that self-improvement could be achieved through judo practice in three distinct ways: improved skill, higher intellect, and moral development; all of which may lead to more productive citizenry. Current literature in psychology and neuroscience has examined this causal inference affirming that judo practice improves physicality and executive functions. Research suggests that response inhibition, working memory, emotional control, sustained attention, task initiation, and goal-directed persistence are key elements to understanding personal development and the broader context of wellbeing. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between judo and Brazilian jiu jitsu practice and self-improvement, and to encourage practitioners to pursue practice in discovering the “better self”.
{"title":"An Overview of Contemporary Scientific Research into the Physiological and Cognitive Benefits of Judo Practice","authors":"Rodney Eadie","doi":"10.18573/mas.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.160","url":null,"abstract":"Jigoro Kano posited that self-improvement could be achieved through judo practice in three distinct ways: improved skill, higher intellect, and moral development; all of which may lead to more productive citizenry. Current literature in psychology and neuroscience has examined this causal inference affirming that judo practice improves physicality and executive functions. Research suggests that response inhibition, working memory, emotional control, sustained attention, task initiation, and goal-directed persistence are key elements to understanding personal development and the broader context of wellbeing. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between judo and Brazilian jiu jitsu practice and self-improvement, and to encourage practitioners to pursue practice in discovering the “better self”.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Capoeira globalizes, a growing number of non-Brazilian practitioners have the opportunity to become capoeira masters (Mestres). In this context, my contribution analyses strategies followed by the first Mexican man and woman to obtain what Griffith calls the “ultimate marker of authenticity”. As I have argued in another place (Author, 2021), Mexican Capoeira is interesting because it seems to have achieved a more advanced glocalization state than “diasporic capoeira” in the Global North. Thus, examining the life stories of Mexican Mestres might prove interesting to compare the dynamics of authenticity/legitimacy in globalized Capoeira across the North-South-Divide. While my findings corroborate many of Griffith’s observations regarding the strategies non-Brazilian capoeiristas employ to achieve legitimacy, they also point out some crucial differences in issues such as innovation, apprenticeship pilgrimages, and the status of the title of Mestre as the “ultimate marker of authenticity”.
{"title":"Globalization, authenticity and legitimacy in Mexican capoeira","authors":"David Sebastian Contreras Islas","doi":"10.18573/mas.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.161","url":null,"abstract":"As Capoeira globalizes, a growing number of non-Brazilian practitioners have the opportunity to become capoeira masters (Mestres). In this context, my contribution analyses strategies followed by the first Mexican man and woman to obtain what Griffith calls the “ultimate marker of authenticity”. As I have argued in another place (Author, 2021), Mexican Capoeira is interesting because it seems to have achieved a more advanced glocalization state than “diasporic capoeira” in the Global North. Thus, examining the life stories of Mexican Mestres might prove interesting to compare the dynamics of authenticity/legitimacy in globalized Capoeira across the North-South-Divide. While my findings corroborate many of Griffith’s observations regarding the strategies non-Brazilian capoeiristas employ to achieve legitimacy, they also point out some crucial differences in issues such as innovation, apprenticeship pilgrimages, and the status of the title of Mestre as the “ultimate marker of authenticity”.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite its worldwide popularity, Israel originated Krav Maga is still remarkably unexplored. With regards Krav Maga´s global spread, the article focuses on the social career of Krav Maga in Germany and asks about the conditions for its success. Beginning in the 2000s, Krav Maga has rapidly resonated throughout Germany, nowadays showing a high degree of social connectivity and differentiation. Analysed through the lenses of social systems theory, Krav Maga´s German career appears not least being an effect of globalised streams of communication – in particular realized through the marking of relevant differences to existing practices and systems of self-defence and serving of contemporary social and individual needs and expectations (e.g. the ability to effectively defend oneself). Following initial analyses of the spread of Wing Chun in Germany, this case study makes a further contribution to an understanding of the socio-cultural evolution of self-defense systems in Germany.
{"title":"'We do bad things to bad people' – Krav Maga's German career in the light of social systems theory","authors":"Swen Koerner, Mario S Staller","doi":"10.18573/mas.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.163","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its worldwide popularity, Israel originated Krav Maga is still remarkably unexplored. With regards Krav Maga´s global spread, the article focuses on the social career of Krav Maga in Germany and asks about the conditions for its success. Beginning in the 2000s, Krav Maga has rapidly resonated throughout Germany, nowadays showing a high degree of social connectivity and differentiation. Analysed through the lenses of social systems theory, Krav Maga´s German career appears not least being an effect of globalised streams of communication – in particular realized through the marking of relevant differences to existing practices and systems of self-defence and serving of contemporary social and individual needs and expectations (e.g. the ability to effectively defend oneself). Following initial analyses of the spread of Wing Chun in Germany, this case study makes a further contribution to an understanding of the socio-cultural evolution of self-defense systems in Germany.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 16th century Chinese fight book Jian Jing 劍經 (Sword Treatise), written by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) general Yu Dayou 俞大猷, is the oldest available comprehensive work on Chinese fencing theory. This paper argues that the treatise uses the terms gang 剛 (hard) and rou 柔 (soft) as technical terms to label tactics what are known as first and second intention offence in modern sport fencing. The terms hard and soft became widely used from the late 17th century onward by practitioners of the so-called ‘internal schools’. Since then the terms hard and soft have remained part of Chinese martial arts vocabulary.
{"title":"'Soft’ aka Second Intention Offence? – The Concept of ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ in the Fencing Theory of the Jian Jing, a Ming Dynasty Fencing Treatise","authors":"Aron Somogyi","doi":"10.18573/mas.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.165","url":null,"abstract":"The 16th century Chinese fight book Jian Jing 劍經 (Sword Treatise), written by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) general Yu Dayou 俞大猷, is the oldest available comprehensive work on Chinese fencing theory. This paper argues that the treatise uses the terms gang 剛 (hard) and rou 柔 (soft) as technical terms to label tactics what are known as first and second intention offence in modern sport fencing. The terms hard and soft became widely used from the late 17th century onward by practitioners of the so-called ‘internal schools’. Since then the terms hard and soft have remained part of Chinese martial arts vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reflects on the conflict between the two main viewpoints of the protection of Chinese martial arts culture and defines the two protection methods of “Safeguarding Authenticity” and “Innovative Development”. This article aims to enhance the vitality and cultural heritage of traditional Chinese martial arts and discusses the protection and development of traditional Chinese martial arts from the perspective of folklore intangible cultural heritage (ICH) protection. Studies indicate that to continue the development of traditional Chinese martial arts from generation to generation, it must adapt to the laws of current social and cultural development. With the goal of improving the vitality of traditional martial arts culture, on the basis of adhering to the inheritance of the core skills of traditional martial arts, it advocates an innovative development mode that keeps pace with the times. Its fundamental purpose is to enable the sustainable and healthy development of traditional martial arts.
{"title":"Safeguarding Authenticity versus Innovative Development: Methods of Protecting Traditional Chinese Martial Arts","authors":"Fei Chen, Pierrick Porchet, Cuihan Li, Shaojun Lyu","doi":"10.18573/mas.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.168","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on the conflict between the two main viewpoints of the protection of Chinese martial arts culture and defines the two protection methods of “Safeguarding Authenticity” and “Innovative Development”. This article aims to enhance the vitality and cultural heritage of traditional Chinese martial arts and discusses the protection and development of traditional Chinese martial arts from the perspective of folklore intangible cultural heritage (ICH) protection. Studies indicate that to continue the development of traditional Chinese martial arts from generation to generation, it must adapt to the laws of current social and cultural development. With the goal of improving the vitality of traditional martial arts culture, on the basis of adhering to the inheritance of the core skills of traditional martial arts, it advocates an innovative development mode that keeps pace with the times. Its fundamental purpose is to enable the sustainable and healthy development of traditional martial arts.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper offers a discussion of the role demands facing referees working in mixed martial arts (MMA), as well as the factors that determine their performance in managing them. To do so, it uses data derived from a qualitative, ethnographic investigation based on field observations carried out at 16 competitive MMA events, plus interviews with 7 referees, 6 of whom had extensive experience of working at the highest international levels of the sport. This data reveals several specific problems that these professionals must navigate, along with the attributes, skills and resources they identify as necessary for doing so. The paper then discusses ways in which applied sport psychology interventions can contribute towards the work of referees, particularly with respect to handling the mental demands of working in this uniquely challenging sport.
{"title":"Role Demands and Psychological Factors Underpinning Performance in Mixed Martial Arts Refereeing","authors":"Alex Channon, Anastasiya Khomutova","doi":"10.18573/mas.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.174","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a discussion of the role demands facing referees working in mixed martial arts (MMA), as well as the factors that determine their performance in managing them. To do so, it uses data derived from a qualitative, ethnographic investigation based on field observations carried out at 16 competitive MMA events, plus interviews with 7 referees, 6 of whom had extensive experience of working at the highest international levels of the sport. This data reveals several specific problems that these professionals must navigate, along with the attributes, skills and resources they identify as necessary for doing so. The paper then discusses ways in which applied sport psychology interventions can contribute towards the work of referees, particularly with respect to handling the mental demands of working in this uniquely challenging sport.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Bowman, A. Channon, Benjamin N. Judkins, Lauren Miller, Wayne Wong
This editorial reflects on the status and development of martial arts studies as an academic field. It considers the differences between the notions of academic discipline and academic discourse. It suggests that the common metaphor of an academic ‘field’ is inappropriate for describing the terrain or topography of an academic discourse or discipline, and proposes that a better metaphor for describing this realm might be ‘mirrored maze’. After characterising this situation, the editorial recalls the recent history of the establishment of anglophone martial arts studies via the establishment and of the Martial Arts Studies Research Network. After almost a decade of development, the editorial announces the latest stage of the martial arts studies project: the creation of The Martial Arts Studies Association.
{"title":"Editorial: The Mirrored Maze of Martial Arts Studies: From Research Network to Scholarly Association","authors":"Paul Bowman, A. Channon, Benjamin N. Judkins, Lauren Miller, Wayne Wong","doi":"10.18573/mas.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.186","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial reflects on the status and development of martial arts studies as an academic field. It considers the differences between the notions of academic discipline and academic discourse. It suggests that the common metaphor of an academic ‘field’ is inappropriate for describing the terrain or topography of an academic discourse or discipline, and proposes that a better metaphor for describing this realm might be ‘mirrored maze’. After characterising this situation, the editorial recalls the recent history of the establishment of anglophone martial arts studies via the establishment and of the Martial Arts Studies Research Network. After almost a decade of development, the editorial announces the latest stage of the martial arts studies project: the creation of The Martial Arts Studies Association.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the discourse of self-defence as it emerged and developed in the British context after the introduction of self-defence as a legal term in English common law in 1604. Twentieth-century self-defence discourse is comparatively more well-researched than previous periods, but this study suggests that the concerns, contours and characteristics of current self-defence discourse were established much earlier, growing in the seventeenth, flowering in the eighteenth and maturing during the nineteenth centuries. The study traces this development by examining self-defence books published in Britain between the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries. This covers a 300-year period from 1604 (the year that the legal precedent for self-defence was set in England) to 1904 (the year in which publications on jujutsu mark an orientalist reconfiguration of a hitherto Eurocentric self-defence discourse).
{"title":"The Birth of British Self-Defence: 1604-1904","authors":"Paul Bowman","doi":"10.18573/mas.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.182","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the discourse of self-defence as it emerged and developed in the British context after the introduction of self-defence as a legal term in English common law in 1604. Twentieth-century self-defence discourse is comparatively more well-researched than previous periods, but this study suggests that the concerns, contours and characteristics of current self-defence discourse were established much earlier, growing in the seventeenth, flowering in the eighteenth and maturing during the nineteenth centuries. The study traces this development by examining self-defence books published in Britain between the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries. This covers a 300-year period from 1604 (the year that the legal precedent for self-defence was set in England) to 1904 (the year in which publications on jujutsu mark an orientalist reconfiguration of a hitherto Eurocentric self-defence discourse).","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Brough, S. Bradic, Mike Callan, L. Gatling, Llyr C. Jones
In the United Kingdom (U.K.) in the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras there was an explosion in the popularity of the Japanese martial art jujutsu, with seemingly invincible Japanese exponents touring and taking on all comers in the music halls. As this early wave of popularity subsided a number of organisations were established to continue the practice of jujutsu, and other Japanese martial arts. Most notable of these was The Budokwai in London, established in 1918 by Gunji Koizumi, which from 1920 would become one of the foremost judo clubs in the West. Recent discoveries shed light on another organisation from this era called the British Ju-jitsu Society (BJS). Established in 1926, the BJS co-existed with The Budokwai and had member clubs throughout the U.K. Here, we provide an overview of the BJS, its activity, and insights into its operation and legacy.
{"title":"The British Ju-jitsu Society and the influence of Kodokan Judo on early jujutsu in the U.K.","authors":"D. Brough, S. Bradic, Mike Callan, L. Gatling, Llyr C. Jones","doi":"10.18573/mas.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.166","url":null,"abstract":"In the United Kingdom (U.K.) in the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras there was an explosion in the popularity of the Japanese martial art jujutsu, with seemingly invincible Japanese exponents touring and taking on all comers in the music halls. As this early wave of popularity subsided a number of organisations were established to continue the practice of jujutsu, and other Japanese martial arts. Most notable of these was The Budokwai in London, established in 1918 by Gunji Koizumi, which from 1920 would become one of the foremost judo clubs in the West. Recent discoveries shed light on another organisation from this era called the British Ju-jitsu Society (BJS). Established in 1926, the BJS co-existed with The Budokwai and had member clubs throughout the U.K. Here, we provide an overview of the BJS, its activity, and insights into its operation and legacy. ","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116638045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides a re-examination of the main Afrocentric narrative of capoeira origins, the engolo or ‘Zebra Dance’, in light of historical primary sources and new ethnographic evidence gathered during fieldwork in south-west Angola. By examining engolo’s bodily techniques, its socio-historical context and cultural meanings, the piece emphasises its insertion into a pastoral lifestyle and highlights the relatively narrow ethnic character of the practice in Angola. This analysis and the comparison with capoeira helps us to develop certain hypotheses about the formation, migration, and re-invention of diasporic combat games between southern Angola and coastal Brazil, and more broadly, to increase our understanding of how African cultures spread across the southern Atlantic.
{"title":"Engolo and Capoeira. From Ethnic to Diasporic Combat Games in the Southern Atlantic","authors":"Matthias Röhrig Assunção","doi":"10.18573/mas.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/mas.148","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a re-examination of the main Afrocentric narrative of capoeira origins, the engolo or ‘Zebra Dance’, in light of historical primary sources and new ethnographic evidence gathered during fieldwork in south-west Angola. By examining engolo’s bodily techniques, its socio-historical context and cultural meanings, the piece emphasises its insertion into a pastoral lifestyle and highlights the relatively narrow ethnic character of the practice in Angola. This analysis and the comparison with capoeira helps us to develop certain hypotheses about the formation, migration, and re-invention of diasporic combat games between southern Angola and coastal Brazil, and more broadly, to increase our understanding of how African cultures spread across the southern Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":272694,"journal":{"name":"Martial Arts Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121776305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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