Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88268
E. Carbone, S. Lentini, G. Nofroni, M. Grossoni
To ensure reliable, low-cost preventive maintenance, SIP is working out specifications for a supervision system to monitor and manage the telecommunication power plants throughout Italy. ITALTEL is designing and developing such a system, which includes real-time warning of plant degradation, measurement and storage of operating parameters, and a database for alarms and measurement information. The system consists of regional supervision centers with peripherals at the plant level. The authors describe system architecture and the main functions, i.e. the collection, classification, display, and processing of alarms and measurement data from the power plants.<>
{"title":"Supervision and control system for power plants","authors":"E. Carbone, S. Lentini, G. Nofroni, M. Grossoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88268","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure reliable, low-cost preventive maintenance, SIP is working out specifications for a supervision system to monitor and manage the telecommunication power plants throughout Italy. ITALTEL is designing and developing such a system, which includes real-time warning of plant degradation, measurement and storage of operating parameters, and a database for alarms and measurement information. The system consists of regional supervision centers with peripherals at the plant level. The authors describe system architecture and the main functions, i.e. the collection, classification, display, and processing of alarms and measurement data from the power plants.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115237877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88247
A. M. Pesco, R. Biagetti, R.S. Chidamber, C.R. Venkatram
A study was performed to develop an adaptive state-of-charge indicator for use in estimating reserve-time during a battering discharge. A dimensional analysis on the discharge characteristics of AT&T Lineage 2000 Round Cells in the useful range of discharge led to the identification of the relevant physical variables and constants needed to describe the discharge behavior quantitatively. This analysis provided the basis for the proposed algorithm, which involves analyzing actual discharge behavior in real time and modifying the estimation of available reserve-time accordingly. The proposed algorithm was tested with actual discharge data from constant-current and variable-current discharges.<>
{"title":"An adaptive battery reserve time prediction algorithm","authors":"A. M. Pesco, R. Biagetti, R.S. Chidamber, C.R. Venkatram","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88247","url":null,"abstract":"A study was performed to develop an adaptive state-of-charge indicator for use in estimating reserve-time during a battering discharge. A dimensional analysis on the discharge characteristics of AT&T Lineage 2000 Round Cells in the useful range of discharge led to the identification of the relevant physical variables and constants needed to describe the discharge behavior quantitatively. This analysis provided the basis for the proposed algorithm, which involves analyzing actual discharge behavior in real time and modifying the estimation of available reserve-time accordingly. The proposed algorithm was tested with actual discharge data from constant-current and variable-current discharges.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88241
L. Pini, M. Bonetti
The authors examine the problem of centralization or decentralization of no-break power sources in a telecommunications plant. Hierarchic distribution of power conversion units in the system is also discussed. Two kinds of power systems are compared: one large no-break power plant supplying DC power to all the telecommunication equipment installed in the plant; and many small no-break power plants, each one having the same system architecture as the above-mentioned large plant, but each integrated directly into the telecommunication equipment it supplies. The comparison is made taking into account the major decision parameters, e.g. costs of equipment, plant, operation, maintenance and repair, and costs of obsolescence together with safety, reliability, and availability. The authors propose a solution based on today's state of the art and on the conditions in the foreseeable future, using a decision-making method for a rapidly changing technological environment.<>
{"title":"Telecommunications power system: one large plant or many small ones?","authors":"L. Pini, M. Bonetti","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88241","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine the problem of centralization or decentralization of no-break power sources in a telecommunications plant. Hierarchic distribution of power conversion units in the system is also discussed. Two kinds of power systems are compared: one large no-break power plant supplying DC power to all the telecommunication equipment installed in the plant; and many small no-break power plants, each one having the same system architecture as the above-mentioned large plant, but each integrated directly into the telecommunication equipment it supplies. The comparison is made taking into account the major decision parameters, e.g. costs of equipment, plant, operation, maintenance and repair, and costs of obsolescence together with safety, reliability, and availability. The authors propose a solution based on today's state of the art and on the conditions in the foreseeable future, using a decision-making method for a rapidly changing technological environment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117241323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88266
G. Gatine, J. Leblanc, D. Marquet
Following a general presentation of the system architectures for two types of reliable energy stations, GEODE and ALFATEL, used in telecommunication facilities, the authors describe the concept of a centralized management system covering several energy stations situated at different geographical locations. The role of communication with the power supply station monitoring units is then described. This makes it possible to define the functions carried out by the management unit, some of which may be operated through remote control by staff on standby duty. The functions of remote monitoring of processes, statistical studies, inventories, background records, man/machine relationships, and maintenance assistance are backed up by a PC-type machine.<>
{"title":"Management unit for reliable power supply stations for use in telecommunication facilities","authors":"G. Gatine, J. Leblanc, D. Marquet","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88266","url":null,"abstract":"Following a general presentation of the system architectures for two types of reliable energy stations, GEODE and ALFATEL, used in telecommunication facilities, the authors describe the concept of a centralized management system covering several energy stations situated at different geographical locations. The role of communication with the power supply station monitoring units is then described. This makes it possible to define the functions carried out by the management unit, some of which may be operated through remote control by staff on standby duty. The functions of remote monitoring of processes, statistical studies, inventories, background records, man/machine relationships, and maintenance assistance are backed up by a PC-type machine.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114903400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88289
N. E. Bagshaw
To ensure that the oxygen cycle operates efficiently in a lead-acid cell there must be a surplus of uncharged negative material, maintenance of a high hydrogen overvoltage on the negative plate, and ease of migration of oxygen from the positive to the negative plate. The selection of grid alloy and separator material is therefore critical. The properties of potential grid alloys are compared. The preferred alloy contains 0.05-0.08% calcium and 0.3-0.65 tin. The preferred separator is made from glass fibers of diameter 0.1 to 10 microns. It has an internal surface area in the range 0.17 to 15 m/sup 2//g and will immobilize the electrolyte. Its average pore size is greater than those of the positive and negative active materials, and the larger pores in the separator will therefore be unfilled with electrolyte, leaving paths for transport of oxygen.<>
{"title":"Materials in the design of recombination lead-acid cells","authors":"N. E. Bagshaw","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88289","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure that the oxygen cycle operates efficiently in a lead-acid cell there must be a surplus of uncharged negative material, maintenance of a high hydrogen overvoltage on the negative plate, and ease of migration of oxygen from the positive to the negative plate. The selection of grid alloy and separator material is therefore critical. The properties of potential grid alloys are compared. The preferred alloy contains 0.05-0.08% calcium and 0.3-0.65 tin. The preferred separator is made from glass fibers of diameter 0.1 to 10 microns. It has an internal surface area in the range 0.17 to 15 m/sup 2//g and will immobilize the electrolyte. Its average pore size is greater than those of the positive and negative active materials, and the larger pores in the separator will therefore be unfilled with electrolyte, leaving paths for transport of oxygen.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1814 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129718760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88336
R. H. Howard
The author describes how British Telecom provides no-break AC power to its biggest multi-office computerization project, Customer Services Systems, in almost thirty district offices. The new Customer Services Systems installations were provided with secure AC power supplies consisting of standby diesel generator, static UPS (uninterruptible power supply), and n+1 redundant frequency converters. The power systems procurement and installation standards have been managed by the part-time efforts of a small unit in the Head Office. Call-off contracts were established for all the major power supply equipment leading to economies of scale and a high degree of standardization. Several potential problems have been avoided by design and attention to the effects of one machine on another. For example, it is noted that sealed lead-acid batteries with voltages around 450 V can be installed safely in plant rooms provided precautions are observed.<>
{"title":"Secure power supplies for British Telecom's major computer centres","authors":"R. H. Howard","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88336","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes how British Telecom provides no-break AC power to its biggest multi-office computerization project, Customer Services Systems, in almost thirty district offices. The new Customer Services Systems installations were provided with secure AC power supplies consisting of standby diesel generator, static UPS (uninterruptible power supply), and n+1 redundant frequency converters. The power systems procurement and installation standards have been managed by the part-time efforts of a small unit in the Head Office. Call-off contracts were established for all the major power supply equipment leading to economies of scale and a high degree of standardization. Several potential problems have been avoided by design and attention to the effects of one machine on another. For example, it is noted that sealed lead-acid batteries with voltages around 450 V can be installed safely in plant rooms provided precautions are observed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123719350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88278
A. Madonna, L. Auriemma, P. Frola, G. Poulet
The authors report a method for planning, constructing, and running grounding installations. This method has been fully tested by SIP for exchanges and networks in areas characterized by a particularly high specific resistivity; and by ENEL for links in line-carried waves on HV overhead lines. The approach developed aims at making it reliable over a considerable length of time and optimizing the cost/benefit ratio for each system.<>
{"title":"Evolution of grounding systems in telecommunications","authors":"A. Madonna, L. Auriemma, P. Frola, G. Poulet","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88278","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report a method for planning, constructing, and running grounding installations. This method has been fully tested by SIP for exchanges and networks in areas characterized by a particularly high specific resistivity; and by ENEL for links in line-carried waves on HV overhead lines. The approach developed aims at making it reliable over a considerable length of time and optimizing the cost/benefit ratio for each system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88258
S. Sjoeholm, J.-U. Bussenius
The authors show how Copenhagen Telephone Company (KTAS) solves the problems of high heat load in rooms with digital equipment, using nothing but filtered air. Experience with four years of operation of these integrated ventilation systems is described and their economics are considered, with particular emphasis on the running costs. Fifty-two systems are in service with heat loads of up to 350 W/m2. In the near future, load will rise to 500 W/m2. Consideration is given to planned improvements that will achieve even greater heat loads for the rooms. The authors show, in schematic form, the set-up used by KTAS to predict heat loads, i.e. the size of exchanges versus the heat load in W/m2.<>
{"title":"Mechanical ventilation of digital equipment in exchange with high heatload","authors":"S. Sjoeholm, J.-U. Bussenius","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88258","url":null,"abstract":"The authors show how Copenhagen Telephone Company (KTAS) solves the problems of high heat load in rooms with digital equipment, using nothing but filtered air. Experience with four years of operation of these integrated ventilation systems is described and their economics are considered, with particular emphasis on the running costs. Fifty-two systems are in service with heat loads of up to 350 W/m2. In the near future, load will rise to 500 W/m2. Consideration is given to planned improvements that will achieve even greater heat loads for the rooms. The authors show, in schematic form, the set-up used by KTAS to predict heat loads, i.e. the size of exchanges versus the heat load in W/m2.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131112588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88359
J. Chida, M. Ohara, M. Satoh, Y. Usui
The authors describe a distributed power supply system for communication equipment. The system features a novel heat dissipation technique which uses a heat pipe and coupler. By adapting this system to a communications equipment system with four heat equipment subsystems which requires a total power of 400 W, it is possible to systematically reduce the power supply cost to about half of that of a conventional independent power supply system. The output power density in a shelf is five times that of the conventional power supply with heat sink,.<>
{"title":"A distributed power supply system using new heat dissipation techniques","authors":"J. Chida, M. Ohara, M. Satoh, Y. Usui","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88359","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a distributed power supply system for communication equipment. The system features a novel heat dissipation technique which uses a heat pipe and coupler. By adapting this system to a communications equipment system with four heat equipment subsystems which requires a total power of 400 W, it is possible to systematically reduce the power supply cost to about half of that of a conventional independent power supply system. The output power density in a shelf is five times that of the conventional power supply with heat sink,.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88290
A. Harrison
The characteristics of the lead-acid battery are considered in terms of electrochemical efficiencies, overvoltage, and resistive impedance. Electrochemical efficiencies and resistive impedance are considered in terms of both the discharge reaction and the recharge reaction of a battery. These characteristics are used to explain the reaction of the batteries to certain AC phenomena. Definitions for AC phenomena are given in terms of DC ripple and high-frequency shallow cycling (HFSC). The relationship between battery characteristics and DC ripple is discussed in simple battery rectifier systems and battery rectifier systems incorporating a resistive load. The possible adverse effects of DC ripple are identified. In addition, HFSC is considered in terms of battery characteristics, and a battery rectifier with an inverter is taken as an example. The consequences of this condition are identified in terms of capacity walkdown, leading to short service lives. Finally, battery design and its operation are also reviewed in respect of the ability of designs to withstand the AC phenomena identified in the present work. Some observations are also given on early attempts to attribute limits to the ripple condition, and suggestions are made for its detection.<>
{"title":"Batteries and AC phenomena in UPS systems: the battery point of view","authors":"A. Harrison","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88290","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the lead-acid battery are considered in terms of electrochemical efficiencies, overvoltage, and resistive impedance. Electrochemical efficiencies and resistive impedance are considered in terms of both the discharge reaction and the recharge reaction of a battery. These characteristics are used to explain the reaction of the batteries to certain AC phenomena. Definitions for AC phenomena are given in terms of DC ripple and high-frequency shallow cycling (HFSC). The relationship between battery characteristics and DC ripple is discussed in simple battery rectifier systems and battery rectifier systems incorporating a resistive load. The possible adverse effects of DC ripple are identified. In addition, HFSC is considered in terms of battery characteristics, and a battery rectifier with an inverter is taken as an example. The consequences of this condition are identified in terms of capacity walkdown, leading to short service lives. Finally, battery design and its operation are also reviewed in respect of the ability of designs to withstand the AC phenomena identified in the present work. Some observations are also given on early attempts to attribute limits to the ripple condition, and suggestions are made for its detection.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115928547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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