Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208780
T. Kubo, N. Fudaba, H. Ishikawa, H. Hamada, K. Nagatani, H. Hayashi, T. Maniwa, Y. Oishi
We have developed the world's most compact, energy-efficient transmitter amplifier for IMT-2000 base station systems that uses an adaptive digital predistorter (DPD). The power efficiency is improved by reducing the output back-off (the margin from the saturation point) of power amplifiers and by suppressing the resulting increase in nonlinear distortion with the DPD. This method uses a predistortion technique that estimates the distortion characteristics of amplifiers by using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, and it adds a complementary signal to the digital baseband signal with a reverse-characteristic of the distortion. The power amplifiers we have developed achieve twice the power efficiency of conventional types. In this paper, we describe the DPD equipment and the experimental results of a DPD transmitter prototype. Currently, IMT-2000 base station systems equipped with the DPD are being shipped worldwide.
{"title":"A highly efficient adaptive digital predistortion amplifier for IMT-2000 base stations","authors":"T. Kubo, N. Fudaba, H. Ishikawa, H. Hamada, K. Nagatani, H. Hayashi, T. Maniwa, Y. Oishi","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208780","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed the world's most compact, energy-efficient transmitter amplifier for IMT-2000 base station systems that uses an adaptive digital predistorter (DPD). The power efficiency is improved by reducing the output back-off (the margin from the saturation point) of power amplifiers and by suppressing the resulting increase in nonlinear distortion with the DPD. This method uses a predistortion technique that estimates the distortion characteristics of amplifiers by using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, and it adds a complementary signal to the digital baseband signal with a reverse-characteristic of the distortion. The power amplifiers we have developed achieve twice the power efficiency of conventional types. In this paper, we describe the DPD equipment and the experimental results of a DPD transmitter prototype. Currently, IMT-2000 base station systems equipped with the DPD are being shipped worldwide.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127013799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207559
A. Anpalagan
In this paper, interference power variation at a base station receiver in a CDMA system that supports integrated services is investigated. It is demonstrated that even under perfect power control conditions, the supporting of multi-rate/service users in shared channel will cause the interference power to vary significantly causing unpredicted delivery for services. Numerical results are presented in an integrated voice and data system. When the power factor (which is a function of bit rate and bit error rate) is increased from 1 to 10, the normalized standard deviation of interference power increases approximately 75% in a 12-sector cell under Poisson distribution of multimedia traffic.
{"title":"Interference power variation in integrated services CDMA networks: a single cell analysis","authors":"A. Anpalagan","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207559","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, interference power variation at a base station receiver in a CDMA system that supports integrated services is investigated. It is demonstrated that even under perfect power control conditions, the supporting of multi-rate/service users in shared channel will cause the interference power to vary significantly causing unpredicted delivery for services. Numerical results are presented in an integrated voice and data system. When the power factor (which is a function of bit rate and bit error rate) is increased from 1 to 10, the normalized standard deviation of interference power increases approximately 75% in a 12-sector cell under Poisson distribution of multimedia traffic.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123972583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207595
A. Saadani, P. Gelpi, P. Tortelier
The problem of a flat fading channel and RAKE output reliable model for all regimes is studied. The proposed solution is based on the separation between the channel evolution and the transmission rate. By applying the Shannon theorem to the complex Gaussian fading processes, we build the context tree that provides samples with suitable correlation properties. Then an interpolator is used to provide the channel outputs at the transmission rate. We show that the RAKE output is a band limited process which allows to use the same principle. A high reliability of the outputs is obtained and the simulation speed up is considerable specially for multipath channel cases.
{"title":"An efficient context tree based model for RAKE and flat fading channel","authors":"A. Saadani, P. Gelpi, P. Tortelier","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207595","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of a flat fading channel and RAKE output reliable model for all regimes is studied. The proposed solution is based on the separation between the channel evolution and the transmission rate. By applying the Shannon theorem to the complex Gaussian fading processes, we build the context tree that provides samples with suitable correlation properties. Then an interpolator is used to provide the channel outputs at the transmission rate. We show that the RAKE output is a band limited process which allows to use the same principle. A high reliability of the outputs is obtained and the simulation speed up is considerable specially for multipath channel cases.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124250098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207603
Q.T. Zhang, D. Liu
The average channel capacity of a SIMO (single-input and multiple-output) wireless system operating on correlated Nakagami fading channels is of theoretical importance to wireless communications; but no simple expression is available in the literature. We tackle this issue using both exact and approximation approaches. The exact formula can serve as a foundation for theoretical comparison. Its approximate counterpart, on the other hand, is simple and easy to use, taking a closed-form expression and producing results nearly identical to the exact formula under most operational conditions. Computer results are presented for illustration.
{"title":"Simple capacity formulas for correlated SIMO Nakagami channels","authors":"Q.T. Zhang, D. Liu","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207603","url":null,"abstract":"The average channel capacity of a SIMO (single-input and multiple-output) wireless system operating on correlated Nakagami fading channels is of theoretical importance to wireless communications; but no simple expression is available in the literature. We tackle this issue using both exact and approximation approaches. The exact formula can serve as a foundation for theoretical comparison. Its approximate counterpart, on the other hand, is simple and easy to use, taking a closed-form expression and producing results nearly identical to the exact formula under most operational conditions. Computer results are presented for illustration.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123475744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207072
B. Lee, Hyungon Kim, S. Sohn, Kil-Houm Park
The mobile IP application of AAA (diameter protocol) provides authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services in a wireless roaming Internet service. As such, the current paper proposes the application of identity-based cryptography to mobile IP with AAA authentication, thereby facilitating the introduction of public key cryptography through allowing a mobile IP entity's public key to be derived from an arbitrary identification value, such as e-mail styled NAI (network access identity). The diameter security association (DSA) provides a PKI-based key delivery between AAA server of the visited and home ISP network. Therefore, the proposed method combines the use of the DSA with an identity (ID)-based cryptographic security association (ISA). Consequently, the proposed concatenated security association of the DSA for an inter-ISP trust chain and an ISA for mobile IP user authentication can alleviate the problem of ID-based private distribution for visited network entities and greatly reduce the need for an reliance on public key certificates for mobile nodes. Furthermore, the proposed protocol can also establish a security association among all mobile IP related nodes and AAA related nodes.
AAA (diameter protocol)移动IP应用程序在无线漫游Internet服务中提供AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting)服务。因此，本文建议将基于身份的加密技术应用于具有AAA身份验证的移动IP，从而通过允许移动IP实体的公钥从任意标识值(如电子邮件风格的NAI(网络访问身份))中导出，从而促进公钥加密技术的引入。DSA (diameter security association)是指在被访问者的AAA服务器和家庭ISP网络之间提供基于pki的密钥传递。因此，提出的方法将DSA的使用与基于身份(ID)的加密安全关联(ISA)相结合。因此，本文提出的用于isp间信任链的DSA和用于移动IP用户认证的ISA的级联安全关联可以缓解访问网络实体基于id的私有分发问题，并大大减少对移动节点公钥证书的依赖。此外，该协议还可以在所有移动IP相关节点和AAA相关节点之间建立安全关联。
{"title":"Concatenated wireless roaming security association and authentication protocol using ID-based cryptography","authors":"B. Lee, Hyungon Kim, S. Sohn, Kil-Houm Park","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207072","url":null,"abstract":"The mobile IP application of AAA (diameter protocol) provides authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services in a wireless roaming Internet service. As such, the current paper proposes the application of identity-based cryptography to mobile IP with AAA authentication, thereby facilitating the introduction of public key cryptography through allowing a mobile IP entity's public key to be derived from an arbitrary identification value, such as e-mail styled NAI (network access identity). The diameter security association (DSA) provides a PKI-based key delivery between AAA server of the visited and home ISP network. Therefore, the proposed method combines the use of the DSA with an identity (ID)-based cryptographic security association (ISA). Consequently, the proposed concatenated security association of the DSA for an inter-ISP trust chain and an ISA for mobile IP user authentication can alleviate the problem of ID-based private distribution for visited network entities and greatly reduce the need for an reliance on public key certificates for mobile nodes. Furthermore, the proposed protocol can also establish a security association among all mobile IP related nodes and AAA related nodes.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208859
I. Held, A. Kerroum
In TD-SCDMA (UMTS TDD 1.28 Mcps mode) advanced techniques such as closed loop transmit diversity (CLTD) are foreseen. Deployment of CLTD influences the choice of receiver architecture and depends on propagation conditions, mobile speed, feedback delay, antenna weight computation and quantization. The impact of these factors is quantified and analyzed. In addition, due to recent interest in increasing the number of diversity antennas, results are presented using four antennas for CLTD. All simulations were performed using a setup very similar to TD-SCDMA conformance tests. The results obtained advise the use of a MMSE joint detection receiver architecture. For two transmit antennas, large gains up to 10 dB are achieved for low diversity propagation conditions, however the gains are smaller (/spl sim/2 dB) otherwise. The use of four antennas approximately doubles the gain achieved by two antennas. Also, it was found that higher mobile speeds do not decrease the gain of using CLTD, whereas larger feedback delays negatively impact performance.
{"title":"On transmit diversity for TD-SCDMA","authors":"I. Held, A. Kerroum","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1208859","url":null,"abstract":"In TD-SCDMA (UMTS TDD 1.28 Mcps mode) advanced techniques such as closed loop transmit diversity (CLTD) are foreseen. Deployment of CLTD influences the choice of receiver architecture and depends on propagation conditions, mobile speed, feedback delay, antenna weight computation and quantization. The impact of these factors is quantified and analyzed. In addition, due to recent interest in increasing the number of diversity antennas, results are presented using four antennas for CLTD. All simulations were performed using a setup very similar to TD-SCDMA conformance tests. The results obtained advise the use of a MMSE joint detection receiver architecture. For two transmit antennas, large gains up to 10 dB are achieved for low diversity propagation conditions, however the gains are smaller (/spl sim/2 dB) otherwise. The use of four antennas approximately doubles the gain achieved by two antennas. Also, it was found that higher mobile speeds do not decrease the gain of using CLTD, whereas larger feedback delays negatively impact performance.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207750
K. Nishimori, K. Cho
Smart base station antenna must be established in limited installation spaces in urban cellular environments. To realize this, smart antennas employing a vertical pattern have been studied. In this paper, we first present the characteristics of the angular spread in the vertical plane using an array antenna with elements arranged in the vertical plane in an actual cellular environment. The performance and problems of smart antennas employing the vertical pattern are elucidated by computer simulation considering the measured angular spread. This paper also proposes space division multiple access (SDMA) using smart antennas utilizing vertical pattern and polarization control with terminal polarization assignment, which can discriminate SDMA users while using a limited antenna installation space. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed SDMA system is confirmed by computer simulation using the measured propagation channel data in an actual cellular environment.
{"title":"A novel SDMA configuration using smart antenna adopting vertical pattern and polarization control","authors":"K. Nishimori, K. Cho","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207750","url":null,"abstract":"Smart base station antenna must be established in limited installation spaces in urban cellular environments. To realize this, smart antennas employing a vertical pattern have been studied. In this paper, we first present the characteristics of the angular spread in the vertical plane using an array antenna with elements arranged in the vertical plane in an actual cellular environment. The performance and problems of smart antennas employing the vertical pattern are elucidated by computer simulation considering the measured angular spread. This paper also proposes space division multiple access (SDMA) using smart antennas utilizing vertical pattern and polarization control with terminal polarization assignment, which can discriminate SDMA users while using a limited antenna installation space. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed SDMA system is confirmed by computer simulation using the measured propagation channel data in an actual cellular environment.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124318306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207746
António Morgado, A. Gameiro, J. Fernandes
This paper deals with space-time pre-equalization for UMTS-TDD systems. The motivation of this proposal lies in the fact that in TDD the up and downlink channels can be highly correlated. If this is the case, the equalization functions can be moved to the base-station (BS), therefore simplifying the mobile unit receiver design, where computational requirements and power consumption issues impose severe restrictions. A design technique, which explores both the frequency redundancy of DS-SS signals and the spatial diversity achieved through the use of an array of antennas at the BS, is derived. The used criterion intends to perform the minimization of the transmitted energy per bit, subject to the condition that signal error power spectral density (PSD) at the decision point is below a given threshold, ensuring the desired signal to distortion ratio. After the mathematical background, simulation results, obtained in typical scenarios, are presented and compared with conventional emitter and receiver based schemes using the RAKE combining principle.
{"title":"Constrained mean-square-error space-time pre-equalizer for the downlink channel of UMTS-TDD","authors":"António Morgado, A. Gameiro, J. Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207746","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with space-time pre-equalization for UMTS-TDD systems. The motivation of this proposal lies in the fact that in TDD the up and downlink channels can be highly correlated. If this is the case, the equalization functions can be moved to the base-station (BS), therefore simplifying the mobile unit receiver design, where computational requirements and power consumption issues impose severe restrictions. A design technique, which explores both the frequency redundancy of DS-SS signals and the spatial diversity achieved through the use of an array of antennas at the BS, is derived. The used criterion intends to perform the minimization of the transmitted energy per bit, subject to the condition that signal error power spectral density (PSD) at the decision point is below a given threshold, ensuring the desired signal to distortion ratio. After the mathematical background, simulation results, obtained in typical scenarios, are presented and compared with conventional emitter and receiver based schemes using the RAKE combining principle.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124323358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207869
Jung-Ho Yoon, M. Sheen, Sin-Chong Park
In the 3rd-generation mobile communication systems providing packet service, optimal scheduling methods are required to increase the packet service efficiency. Among several scheduling methods, a packet scheduling method providing bounded delay service may be classified into three categories: static-priority (SP), earliest-deadline-first (EDF), and rotating-priority-queues (RPQ). In this paper, these three scheduling methods which have been studied in the field of computer networks are applied to an interference-limited CDMA system with transmit power constraint. Then, the performances of these three scheduling methods are compared by considering both the data loss rate and the transmit power level. Also, we propose a modified FIFO scheme, which is more efficient in power-constraint systems such as the interference-limited CDMA system. The performance of the modified FIFO scheme is compared with the basic FIFO scheme.
{"title":"Scheduling methods with transmit power constraint for CDMA packet services","authors":"Jung-Ho Yoon, M. Sheen, Sin-Chong Park","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207869","url":null,"abstract":"In the 3rd-generation mobile communication systems providing packet service, optimal scheduling methods are required to increase the packet service efficiency. Among several scheduling methods, a packet scheduling method providing bounded delay service may be classified into three categories: static-priority (SP), earliest-deadline-first (EDF), and rotating-priority-queues (RPQ). In this paper, these three scheduling methods which have been studied in the field of computer networks are applied to an interference-limited CDMA system with transmit power constraint. Then, the performances of these three scheduling methods are compared by considering both the data loss rate and the transmit power level. Also, we propose a modified FIFO scheme, which is more efficient in power-constraint systems such as the interference-limited CDMA system. The performance of the modified FIFO scheme is compared with the basic FIFO scheme.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124105997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-22DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207520
M. Toril, S. Pedraza, Ricardo Ferrer, V. Wille
Optimization of handover boundaries has been suggested to cope with non-homogeneous traffic distribution in GSM/GPRS networks. In this paper, an automatic optimization algorithm is proposed, which is able to maximize the overall traffic carried in the network by equalizing long-term blocking effects. Field trial results indicate that system capacity can be significantly improved with respect to homogeneous handover parameter settings.
{"title":"Optimization of handover margins in GSM/GPRS networks","authors":"M. Toril, S. Pedraza, Ricardo Ferrer, V. Wille","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207520","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of handover boundaries has been suggested to cope with non-homogeneous traffic distribution in GSM/GPRS networks. In this paper, an automatic optimization algorithm is proposed, which is able to maximize the overall traffic carried in the network by equalizing long-term blocking effects. Field trial results indicate that system capacity can be significantly improved with respect to homogeneous handover parameter settings.","PeriodicalId":272763,"journal":{"name":"The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127767851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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