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CALCULATION SUBSTANTIATION OF THIN FOUNDATION PLATES FOR EQUIPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF A DIESEL GENERATOR PLANT. 以某柴油发电机组为例,对设备薄型基础板进行了计算验证。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.75.80
A. Kornilova, E. Paramonov
The presented article contains a summary of the methodology for the numerical calculation of thin foundation slabs for the action of dynamic loads from vibroactive equipment. The considered scheme makes it possible to take into account the vibration isolation and compliance of the supporting structure, the mutual influence of the load application areas on the stress-strain state of the slab. Two installation options are considered - with vibration isolation and without it. The calculation results show that small pieces of the slab account for large overall and heavy vibroactive equipment.
本文概述了薄基础板在抗振设备动荷载作用下的数值计算方法。所考虑的方案可以考虑到隔振和支撑结构的柔度,以及荷载施加区域对板的应力-应变状态的相互影响。考虑了两种安装选项-带隔振和不带隔振。计算结果表明,小块板占整体大、重量大的减振设备。
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引用次数: 0
LONGITUDINAL BENDING OF A WEIGHTY HORIZONTAL ROD ON A RIGID BASE. 一根重的水平杆在刚性基座上的纵向弯曲。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.38.45
Y. I. Dorogov
The loss of stability of a heavy horizontal rod on a rigid base is investigated. The differential equation of the angle of inclination of the curved axis of the rod is obtained using the exact expression of curvature. Various cases of conditions for fixing the ends of the rod are considered. From the possible forms of equilibrium of the rod, those are selected that satisfy the condition of equality of the compressive force work and the sum of elastic and gravitational energies accumulated by the rod. The curved shape of the equilibrium is determined by the maximum angle of deviation of the axis of the rod, which increases with increasing weight of the rod and does not depend on the geometric characteristics of its cross-section.
研究了刚性基础上重水平杆的失稳问题。利用曲率的精确表达式,得到了杆的弯曲轴倾斜角的微分方程。考虑了固定杆端部的各种情况。从杆的各种可能的平衡形式中,选择满足杆所累积的压缩力功和弹性能与重力能之和相等条件的平衡形式。平衡的曲线形状是由杆轴的最大偏差角决定的,该偏差角随杆的重量增加而增加,而不取决于其横截面的几何特性。
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引用次数: 0
CALCULATING BRIDGES FOR THE ACTION OF A WEAK (DESIGN) EARTHQUAKE. 计算桥梁的弱(设计)地震作用。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.29.37
A. Uzdin, H. Mazhiev, G. V. Sorokina, I.O. Kuznezova, N. V. Nikonova, N.A. Ahetova, M. Belashov, O. Sabirova
According to Russian standards calculating bridges is made only for the action of a strong (maximum design) earthquake with a frequency of once every 500-5000 years. In the whole world practice there is a transition to multi-level designing, which considers several structure limit states and the corresponding design actions. The paper discusses the features of such transition in relation to bridges, with the whole range of issues related to such calculations being described. These issues include specifying limit states, specifying the level of design action, setting load combinations and design schemes for bridges, and taking into account damping in bridge elements. The developed proposals require setting the allowable repeatability of certain limit states and are based on the instrumental part of the current the seismic scale standard.
根据俄罗斯的标准,桥梁只适用于每500-5000年发生一次的强烈地震(最大设计)。在世界范围内,考虑多种结构极限状态和相应的设计行为的多层结构设计正在向多层结构设计过渡。本文讨论了与桥梁相关的这种过渡的特征,并描述了与此类计算相关的所有问题。这些问题包括指定极限状态,指定设计作用的水平,设置桥梁的荷载组合和设计方案,以及考虑桥梁元件的阻尼。制定的建议要求设定某些极限状态的允许重复性,并基于当前地震标度标准的仪器部分。
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引用次数: 0
FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS: BASIC EQUATIONS AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS. 柔性连接:基本方程及设计特点。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.18.28
V. V. Mishchenko
The article presents a calculation model, which, according to the author, most adequately reflects the work of building elements replaced in the process of engineering analysis by flexible connections. The concept of "mounting extension" of a flexible element is introduced, the value of which fully determines the behavior of the flexible connection after installation. Based on the proposed model, it is possible to obtain the stiffness characteristics of flexible connections for the calculation of building structures using existing CAD systems [1,2].
本文提出了一种计算模型,认为该模型最充分地反映了在工程分析过程中被柔性连接所取代的建筑构件的工作。引入了柔性元件“安装延伸”的概念,其值完全决定了柔性连接安装后的行为。基于所提出的模型,可以利用现有的CAD系统获得用于建筑结构计算的柔性连接的刚度特性[1,2]。
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引用次数: 0
THE RITZ METHOD IN NONLINEAR CALCULATIONS OF SINGLE-SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS. 钢筋混凝土单跨梁非线性计算中的ritz法。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.63.68
S. V. Bosakov, O. Kozunova
The paper considers the calculations of single-span reinforced concrete bent beams, taking into account the nonlinear relationship between stresses and strains. Deflections of beams according to the Ritz method are given as a series of trigonometric functions with undetermined coefficients. Nonlinearity is taken into account by the "moment-curvature" dependence in the form of a cubic parabola. The functional of the total energy of the beam and the load acting on it has a non-linear form with respect to indefinite coefficients, which are found with the help of a computer mathematics package from the condition of the minimum of this functional. Two examples are given for a statically determinate reinforced concrete articulated beam under the action of a uniformly distributed load and a statically indefinite reinforced concrete beam under the action of a concentrated force. A comparison with an elastic solution is made. The coordinate functions of the Ritz method are given for single-span beams with other boundary conditions.
本文考虑单跨钢筋混凝土弯曲梁的计算,考虑应力与应变的非线性关系。根据里兹方法,梁的挠度被表示为一系列带待定系数的三角函数。非线性以三次抛物线形式的“力矩-曲率”依赖关系来考虑。梁的总能量和作用在其上的荷载的泛函具有关于不定系数的非线性形式,这些不定系数是借助计算机数学程序从该泛函的最小值条件得到的。给出了均布荷载作用下静定钢筋混凝土铰接梁和集中力作用下静不定钢筋混凝土梁的两个算例。并与弹性解作了比较。给出了具有其他边界条件的单跨梁的里兹法坐标函数。
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引用次数: 0
COMPUTATION OF THE SEGMENT OF A HIGHWAY LOCATED IN MOUNTAINS. 山区公路路段的计算。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.2.10
E. Koreneva, V. Grosman
The segment of a highway located in mountains is under investigation. One side of the segment under study adjoins to the rock. This construction under examination is based on high-capacity columns. This segment is considered as semi-infinite cantilever plate made from isotropic or constructive-orthotropic material. It is assumed that the thickness of this plate varies in one direction. The present work suggests the analytical method of computation. An influence of columns on the semi-infinite cantilever plate with varying thickness is considered as an action of a system of concentrated forces or systems of forces distributed along short straight lines and over surfaces of rectangulars. The solutions are received in closed forms.
位于山区的高速公路路段正在调查中。所研究的部分的一侧与岩石相连。本工程为大容量柱结构。这部分被认为是由各向同性或构造正交异性材料制成的半无限悬臂板。假定这块板的厚度沿一个方向变化。本文提出了一种解析计算方法。柱对具有不同厚度的半无限悬臂板的影响被认为是集中力系统或沿短直线和矩形表面分布的力系统的作用。解以封闭形式收到。
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DYNAMIC PROBLEMS METHOD OF BOUNDARY EQUATIONS. 动态问题数学建模的边界方程方法。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.69.74
D. N. Nizomov, A.I. Dadaboev
The article describes the process of mathematical modeling of the dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity by the method of boundary integral equations. As a result of applying successive approximation, a system of algebraic equations is obtained, which is solved by a step method. The developed algorithm makes it possible to study the stress-strain state of a two-dimensional problem of the theory of elasticity from various dynamic influences.
本文描述了用边界积分方程的方法对弹性理论动力学问题进行数学建模的过程。采用逐次逼近的方法,得到了一个代数方程组,并采用步进法求解。所开发的算法使从各种动力影响下研究二维弹性理论问题的应力-应变状态成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
GEOMETRY OF RIGHT CONOIDS WITH AN ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEM. 直角坐标系下的右圆锥体几何。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.53.62
V. N. Ivanov, O. Aleshina
The geometry and methods of forming right conoids are considered in the article. Right conoids are formed by the movement of a rectilinear generatrix perpendicular to a fixed straight line – the axis of the conoid, along which the rectilinear generatrix moves. When moving, the rectilinear generatrix rotates according to a given law around the directrix curve. Usually, the generatrix line is connected to some reference curve that the generatrix line touches. The coordinate grid along the generatrix lines is also connected with the reference curve. In this case, a non-orthogonal coordinate system of a right conoid is formed. Coefficients of quadratic forms of surfaces with a non-orthogonal coordinate system, usually are complex. Methods for analyzing shells with a non-orthogonal coordinate system of the middle surface of the shell are becoming more complicated. The article considers the possibility of forming right conoids with an orthogonal coordinate system, including with directrix reference curves. A vector equation is given for specifying right conoids with an orthogonal nonconjugate coordinate system. Formulas of coefficients of quadratic forms characterizing the internal geometry and curvature of right conoidal surfaces in space with the help of this vector equation are obtained. Based on the vector equations of the surface assignment, drawings of right conoids with various geometric parameters are constructed in the MathCAD program. The difference in the construction of right conoids with orthogonal and non-orthogonal curved coordinate systems is clearly demonstrated, so with different methods of specifying the angles of inclination of rectilinear generatrix of surfaces.
本文讨论了右圆锥体的几何形状和成形方法。右圆锥体是由垂直于固定直线(圆锥体的轴线)的直线母线的运动形成的,直线母线沿着这条直线运动。运动时,直线母线按给定的规律绕准线曲线旋转。通常,母线与母线所接触的某条参考曲线相连。沿母线的坐标网格也与参考曲线相连。在这种情况下,形成了一个直角锥体的非正交坐标系。非正交坐标系下二次曲面的系数通常是复数。用壳中面非正交坐标系分析壳的方法变得越来越复杂。本文考虑了在正交坐标系下形成右圆锥体的可能性,包括有准线参考曲线的可能性。给出了在正交非共轭坐标系下确定右圆锥体的矢量方程。利用该矢量方程,得到了表征空间右圆锥曲面内部几何形状和曲率的二次型系数公式。基于曲面分配的矢量方程,在MathCAD程序中构造了具有不同几何参数的右圆锥体图形。阐明了直角曲面坐标系与非直角曲面坐标系下直角圆锥体构造的不同,以及曲面直线母线倾角的不同确定方法。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF CALCULATION METHODS OF BRICKWORK REINFORCED WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE CAGE WITH LOCAL EDGE COMPRESSION. 局部边缘受压钢筋混凝土笼型配筋砌体的计算方法分析。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.46.52
N. Novozhilova, N. M. Rudakov
This article considers the calculation of the carrying capacity of non-reinforced brickwork reinforced with a double-sided reinforced concrete cage, with the edge application of a local compressive load (on the end). The stress state of the masonry and concrete of the cage is analyzed by modeling the structure using an ANSYS PC. Due to the lack of a methodology for calculating the local edge compression of the structure under consideration, a calculation method is proposed that best corresponds to the operation of the model.
本文考虑了在边缘施加局部压缩荷载(端部)的情况下,采用双面钢筋混凝土笼加固的无筋砖墙的承载力计算。利用ANSYS软件对网箱结构进行建模,分析了网箱砌体和混凝土的受力状态。由于缺乏计算所考虑结构的局部边缘压缩的方法,提出了一种最符合模型运行的计算方法。
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引用次数: 0
FORMULA FOR A LOWER BOUND FOR THE FIRST NATURAL FREQUENCY OF A TRIHEDRAL TOWER TRUSS. 三面体塔桁架第一阶固有频率下界公式。
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2023.2.11.17
M. Kirsanov, A. Maslov
A scheme of a statically determinate tower-type spatial truss is proposed. Three lateral faces of the structure have double diagonal lattices, from below the truss rests on six racks and three additional horizontal lateral braces. The problem of the first natural frequency of free oscillations of the structure is solved. The inertial properties of the truss are modeled by the masses in its nodes. Each mass has two horizontal degrees of freedom. To obtain an analytical expression for the dependence of the lower limit of the oscillation frequency on the number of panels, the approximate Dunkerley method is used. The forces in the truss rods are found from the solution of the system of equilibrium equations for the nodes. The matrix of the system of equations is compiled in the Maple computer mathematics system. The rigidity of the structure is determined using the Mohr integral. A series of solutions obtained for a different number of panels is generalized to an arbitrary case by induction. For sequences of coefficients in the solution, linear recurrent equations are compiled and solved. The analytical solution is compared with the numerical solution of the problem of the vibration spectrum of the structure. It is shown that the first frequency of the spectrum is higher than the analytical estimate by no more than 30%. The accuracy of the estimate depends to a greater extent on the number of panels. As the number of panels increases, the accuracy of the resulting estimate increases. A trusses with only an even number of panels are considered. It is noticed that with an odd number of panels, the determinant of the system of equilibrium equations of nodes vanishes, which indicates the kinematic degeneration of the structure.
提出了一种静定塔式空间桁架结构方案。结构的三个侧面有双对角格,从桁架的下面有六个架子和三个额外的水平侧撑。求解了结构自由振动的第一阶固有频率问题。桁架的惯性特性由其节点的质量来模拟。每个质量有两个水平自由度。为了得到振动频率下限与面板数关系的解析表达式,采用近似Dunkerley方法。桁架杆的受力由节点平衡方程组的解求得。该方程组的矩阵是在Maple计算机数学系统中编制的。用莫尔积分确定结构的刚度。用归纳法将不同面板数的一系列解推广到任意情况。对于解中的系数序列,编制并求解线性循环方程。将解析解与结构振动谱问题的数值解进行了比较。结果表明,频谱的第一频率比分析估计高不超过30%。估计的准确性在很大程度上取决于小组的数目。随着面板数量的增加,结果估计的准确性也会增加。桁架只有偶数的面板被考虑。注意到当面板数目为奇数时,节点平衡方程组的行列式消失,这表明结构的运动退化。
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STRUCTURAL MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS
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