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Influence of transient operation modes of equipment on the stress-strain state of structures 设备瞬态运行模式对结构应力-应变状态的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.3.35.41
A. Kornilova, E. Paramonov
The article presents the results of the expected calculations of floor slabs for loads excited in operating and transient modes. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the influence of the time of starting and stopping the machine on the amplitude of vibrations of structures in transient conditions. The main purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of the resonant increase in the oscillation amplitudes compared to oscillations in the operating mode, as well as to analyze the effect of the equipment start and stop time on the resonant amplitude.
本文介绍了在工作模式和瞬态模式下受激荷载作用下楼板的预期计算结果。特别注意的问题是,在瞬态条件下,机器的启动和停止时间对结构振动振幅的影响。研究的主要目的是确定谐振振荡幅度相对于工作模式下振荡幅度的增加幅度,并分析设备启动和停止时间对谐振振幅的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Formula for calculation of the deflection of a flat strut bridge with an arbitrary number of panels 任意板数的平撑桥挠度的计算公式
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.3.9.13
M. Kirsanov
The problem of finding an analytical solution to the problem of deflection of a planar model of a bridge truss with two fixed hinged supports is posed. Formulas are derived for the dependence of deflection, reactions of supports and forces in characteristic rods on the number of panels in the structure. Maple computer mathematics operators are used. The deflection is sought by the Maxwell-Mohr formula. A series of individual solutions obtained for trusses with a successively increasing number of panels are generalized to an arbitrary number of panels. A picture of the distribution of forces on the truss rods is obtained. It is shown that the change of force signs in the truss chords does not depend on its geometrical parameters, but depends only on the number of panels.
提出了具有两个固定铰支撑的桥梁桁架平面模型挠度问题的解析解。推导了挠度、支座反力和特征杆受力与结构板数的关系公式。使用Maple计算机数学运算符。这种偏转是麦克斯韦-莫尔公式所寻求的。对于面板数逐次增加的桁架,所得到的一系列独立解推广到任意数量的面板。得到了桁架杆受力分布的图像。结果表明,桁架弦的受力符号变化与弦的几何参数无关,而只与面板数有关。
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THEORY PROBLEMS ELASTICITY BY THE METHOD OF BOUNDARY EQUATIONS 弹性理论问题的边界方程数学建模
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.29.32
D. N. Nizomov, A.I. Dadaboev
The article describes the features of mathematical modeling of a two-dimensional static problem of elasticity theory by the method of boundary integral equations. The resulting equations make it possible to investigate the stress-strain state of a plane problem under various external influences. As a result of applying the spline approximation of the boundary parameters, the system of integral equations is transformed into a system of linear algebraic equations with unknown displacement and stress components.
本文描述了用边界积分方程的方法对弹性理论的二维静态问题进行数学建模的特点。所得到的方程使研究在各种外部影响下平面问题的应力-应变状态成为可能。由于采用边界参数的样条近似,将积分方程组转化为具有未知位移和应力分量的线性代数方程组。
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引用次数: 0
CALCULATION OF THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COMPRESSED BORED HANGING PILES BASED ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE TWO-LAYER FOUNDATION SOIL. 基于两层地基土承载力的压缩钻孔悬挂桩有效长度计算。
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.13.19
V. Utkin, Zh.V. Kosheleva
The article discusses a new method for calculating the effective length of bored hanging piles based on the bearing capacity of a two-layer foundation soil. This calculation problem is of particular importance when it is necessary to use piles of large length and large diameter. The calculation of a hanging pile according to the bearing capacity of the foundation soil adopted in regulatory documents is based on the occurrence of friction forces on the surface of the pile because of its movement (“disruption”) in the ground environment. It does not correspond to the behavior of the pile during operation. In practice, the disruption of the pile is unacceptable, therefore, for the safe operation of the pile, the coefficients of the working conditions are entered into the calculation. A new approach to the calculation of hanging piles by bearing capacity in multilayer foundation soils based on the account of friction-adhesion forces on the surface of the pile is proposed. The friction-coupling forces are caused by micro-displacements of the surface layers of the pile material because of its general deformation from the compressive load on the pile. The effective length of the pile is understood to be such a length at which the bearing capacity of the soil on its surface and under the lower end of the pile is effectively used. Due to this length of the pile, an economic effect is achieved in pile foundations. The above method of calculating the bored pile can be used in the calculations of other piles by material, method of immersion and the number of layers of the foundation soil.
本文讨论了一种基于两层地基承载力计算钻孔悬空桩有效长度的新方法。当需要使用大长度、大直径的桩时,这一计算问题尤为重要。规范性文件中采用的根据地基土承载力计算悬桩,是基于桩在地面环境中运动(“破坏”)而在桩表面产生摩擦力。它不符合桩在运行过程中的行为。在实践中,桩的破坏是不可接受的,因此,为了保证桩的安全运行,将工况系数纳入计算。提出了一种基于桩面摩附力计算多层地基中悬桩承载力的新方法。摩擦耦合力是由于桩体受压荷载的普遍变形而引起的桩体表层微位移引起的。桩的有效长度被理解为这样的长度,在此长度上,其表面和桩下端下的土壤的承载能力得到有效利用。由于这种桩长,在桩基础中取得了经济效果。上述钻孔灌注桩计算方法可用于其他桩的材料计算、浸没法计算和地基土层数计算。
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引用次数: 0
SOME STRENGTHS FOUNDATION SLABS. 一些强度的基础板。
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.63.66
V. I. Obozov
Various ways of strengthening foundation slabs are analyzed in relation to cases when, after the construction of foundation slabs, as a result of project adjustments, the load on them increases. An example of the implementation of the reinforcement of the foundation plate in the case of an increase in the number of storeys of the building from 10-14 floors to 17 is given. The effectiveness of various ways of strengthening foundation slabs is investigated by the example of the regional children’s clinical hospital under construction in Tver. The methods of reinforcement of foundation slabs are conditionally divided into two groups within the framework of constructing a finite element computational model. The first group includes methods that compensate for the lack of upper stretched reinforcement of the foundation plate by sticking on the surface of problem areas of steel or carbon fiber tapes. The second group includes a method that redistributes bending forces in the foundation plate from more loaded to less loaded sections. Methods of modeling of sub-columns in the computing environment of the LIRA-CAD software complex are investigated
针对基础板施工后由于工程调整导致基础板受力增加的情况,分析了加固基础板的各种方法。给出了在建筑物层数从10-14层增加到17层的情况下实施基础板加固的实例。以特维尔在建地区儿童临床医院为例,探讨了不同加固方法对基础板加固效果的影响。在建立有限元计算模型的框架内,有条件地将基础板的加固方法分为两类。第一组包括通过在问题区域的表面粘贴钢或碳纤维胶带来弥补基础板上部拉伸加固的缺乏的方法。第二组包括将基础板中的弯曲力从负载较多的部分重新分配到负载较少的部分的方法。研究了在LIRA-CAD软件复合体计算环境下的子列建模方法
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF ACCELERATION FIELD INHOMOGENEITY ON THE RESPONSE SPECTRUM. 加速度场不均匀性对响应谱的影响。
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.48.53
N. V. Nikonova, A. Uzdin, L. Smirnova
The influence of the field of accelerations inhomogeneity on the building site on the structure response spectrum has been consider. For this aim, we used the identity coefficient of two signals, introduced earlier by the authors this paper, and including indicators of non-synchronous, incoherence and multiscale processes. Its note, that the true values the identity coefficients of vibration points of ground base of building site it is necessary to take into account when setting the seismic excitation. In the case of structure resonant vibrations, the incoherence of the seismic input of different points is more important.
考虑了建筑场地加速度场的不均匀性对结构响应谱的影响。为此,我们使用了作者之前介绍的两个信号的恒等系数,其中包括非同步、不相干和多尺度过程的指标。值得注意的是,在设置地震激励时,有必要考虑建筑场地地基振动点同位系数的真实值。在结构共振振动的情况下,不同点的地震输入的不相干性更为重要。
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引用次数: 0
ISSUES OF JOINT APPLICATION LIGHT-TRANSPARENT STRUCTURES AND HINGED FACADE SYSTEMS. 光透明结构和铰链立面系统的联合应用问题。
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.67.73
S. V. Kushnir, M. Pavlenko, I.V. Stul’eva
Technical solutions for the installation of facade structures at facilities are currently represented by a combination of various facade systems and stained glass structures. The development of projects for the arrangement of building facades is carried out on the basis of standard technical solutions. At the same time, most often, standard technical solutions are not adapted to the conditions of the construction site and the location of the facility, and the unique architectural features of the facility are not taken into account. This is the cause of defects, especially when combined with the use of translucent structures and hinged facade systems. The problem addressed in the article is the lack of an integrated scientific approach to solving the problems of designing and erecting experimental facade structures in difficult climatic conditions.
设施立面结构安装的技术解决方案目前以各种立面系统和彩色玻璃结构的组合为代表。建筑立面布置项目的开发是在标准技术解决方案的基础上进行的。同时,大多数情况下,标准的技术方案不适应施工现场的条件和设施的位置,没有考虑到设施独特的建筑特征。这是造成缺陷的原因,特别是当与使用半透明结构和铰链立面系统相结合时。本文解决的问题是缺乏一种综合的科学方法来解决在恶劣气候条件下设计和安装实验性立面结构的问题。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF THE FIRST NATURAL FREQUENCY OF A MULTI-SPAN TRUSS 多跨桁架一阶固有频率的分析评定
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.42.47
M. Kirsanov
The task is to obtain the dependence of the lower limit of the fundamental frequency of natural oscillations of a statically determinate truss on the number of spans. The upper belt of the truss is straight, the lower belt of spans is arched. The inertial properties of the truss are modeled by the same concentrated masses in the nodes. Each mass has two degrees of freedom. The forces in the rods and the reactions of the supports are found by cutting out the nodes in symbolic form from the solution of the general system of equations for the equilibrium of the truss nodes. All transformations are made in the Maple computer mathematics system. To find the structural stiffness matrix, the Maxwell – Mohr formula is used. The first natural frequency of the structure is found using the approximate Dunkerley method. The generalization of a series of individual solutions found for trusses with a different number of spans to an arbitrary number of spans is performed by induction using Maple system operators. For comparison, the lowest oscillation frequency of a system with many degrees of freedom obtained numerically is used. A formula is derived for the lower estimate of the first frequency depending on the size of the truss and the number of spans. Comparison of the analytical solution with the numerical one shows a good degree of approximation of the formula for the first frequency. It is shown that the error significantly depends on the height of the truss. Cases of kinematic variability of the structure with an even number of spans are revealed.
本文的任务是求出静定桁架的自振基频下限与跨数的关系。桁架上带为直带,跨下带为拱带。桁架的惯性特性由节点上相同的集中质量来模拟。每个质量有两个自由度。通过从桁架节点平衡的一般方程组的解中以符号形式切出节点来求得杆中的力和支座的反力。所有的转换都是在Maple计算机数学系统中完成的。采用麦克斯韦-莫尔公式求解结构刚度矩阵。用近似的Dunkerley方法求出结构的第一固有频率。利用Maple系统算子,将不同跨度桁架的一系列独立解推广到任意跨度。为了进行比较,本文采用数值计算得到的多自由度系统的最低振荡频率。根据桁架的大小和跨度的数量,导出了第一频率的较低估计公式。解析解与数值解的比较表明,对于第一频率,公式有很好的近似。结果表明,误差与桁架的高度有很大关系。揭示了具有偶数跨的结构的运动变异性的情况。
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引用次数: 0
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE OF GRADUAL TRANSFORMATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR TRIANGULAR FINITE ELEMENT OF DEEP BEAM AND ITS AFE.
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.20.28
A. V. Ermakova
The paper considers the numerical example of gradual transformation of the stiffness matrix of triangular finite element of deep beam with the help of stiffness matrix of its additional finite elements. Material FE (concrete) reveals from two (under compression) to four (under tension) physical nonlinear properties before collapse. Initial stiffness matrix changes due to the every one. Therefore two variants of its numerical transformation are considered. Both variants confirm the possibility of realization of the analysis of structures with several nonlinear properties at strength limit stae when the Additional Finite Element Method (AFEM) is used.
本文考虑了深梁三角形有限元刚度矩阵借助于附加有限元刚度矩阵逐渐变换的数值实例。材料FE(混凝土)在坍塌前表现出从两种(受压)到四种(受拉)的物理非线性特性。初始刚度矩阵会随着每一个的变化而变化。因此,本文考虑了其数值变换的两种变体。这两种形式都证实了附加有限元法(AFEM)在强度极限状态下分析具有多种非线性特性的结构的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS ON YIELDING SUPPORT BEYOND THE LIMITS OF ELASTICITY 钢筋混凝土梁在屈服支承超过弹性极限时的动力计算
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.37538/0039-2383.2022.5.33.41
Z.R. Z.R. Galyautdinov, O. Kumpyak, D. Galyautdinov, E. Shipilova
Protective structures of civil defense are designed from the condition of perception of short-term dynamic loads. In this case, the supporting structures can be deformed in the plastic stage. To reduce the forces and displacements of the bearing elements under intense dynamic loading, the active methods of protecting structures are used. The flexible supports in the form of collapsible inserts of annular section is one of such methods. The paper considers the change in displacements and forces of the elastic-plastic reinforced concrete beams, depending on the compliance of support fastenings. Based on the theoretical studies, an algorithm for the dynamic calculation of reinforced concrete beams with cracks was developed, with which the calculation of structures was performed under various conditions of deformation of yielding supports. The calculations showed that the use of yielding supports deformed only in the elastic stage can have both a positive and a negative effect on the operation of structures. In this case, there may be the areas of ωθ values in which there is an increase in the dynamic coefficient of the structure on yielding supports relative to the beams on non-displaceable supports. The greatest efficiency of using the yielding supports is achieved when they work at the plastic stage without transition to the hardening stage.
人防防护结构是根据短期动荷载的感知条件进行设计的。在这种情况下,支撑结构可以在塑性阶段发生变形。为了减小结构在强动荷载作用下的受力和位移,采用了主动保护结构的方法。环形断面可折叠嵌件形式的柔性支撑就是其中一种方法。本文考虑了弹塑性钢筋混凝土梁的位移和力的变化,这取决于支撑紧固件的顺应性。在理论研究的基础上,提出了含裂缝钢筋混凝土梁的动力计算算法,并利用该算法进行了各种屈服支座变形条件下的结构计算。计算结果表明,采用仅在弹性阶段变形的屈服支座对结构的运行既有积极的影响,也有消极的影响。在这种情况下,可能存在ωθ值的区域,在该区域内,屈服支承上的结构的动力系数相对于不可位移支承上的梁有所增加。当屈服支架工作在塑性阶段而不过渡到硬化阶段时,使用它们的效率最高。
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引用次数: 0
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STRUCTURAL MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS
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