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Perbedaan Kandungan Formalin Pada Jenis Ikan Asin Peda Dan Gabus Di Pasar Tradisional Kota Denpasar Tahun 2019 2019年,登巴萨市传统市场上登巴萨的咸鱼和软木的甲醛含量有所不同
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i2.897
Ni Made Meri Sukmadhani, I. W. Sudiadnyana
In the food processing business it is known that the use of preservatives to maintain the durability of a food ingredient, but in practice there are still many producers who use dangerous preservatives such as formalin in food products, one of which is in the salted long jawed mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) and salted Asian Snakehead (Channa striata). The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in formalin content in the salted long jawed mackerel and salted Asian Snakehead fish This study used an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. The samples were then examined using the Formaldehyde Test method. The results of this study indicate that from 162 samples of the fishes examined, 19 salted mackerels (23.5%) and 39 salted snakeheads (48.1%) were free of formalin and fulfilled the health requirements with a formalin content of 0 mg / l. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in formalin content in the salted mackerels and salted snakeheads sold in the traditional market in Denpasar in 2019.
在食品加工业务中,使用防腐剂来保持食品成分的持久性是众所周知的,但在实践中,仍有许多生产商在食品中使用危险的防腐剂,如福尔马林,其中一种是盐腌长颚鲭鱼(Rastrelliger sp.)和盐腌亚洲蛇头(Channa striata)。本研究的目的是确定盐腌长颚鲭鱼和盐腌亚洲黑鱼中福尔马林含量的差异。本研究采用了横断面设计的分析调查。然后用甲醛测试法对样品进行检测。本研究结果表明,162份检验鱼样品中,19条盐渍鲭鱼(23.5%)和39条盐渍鱼头(48.1%)不含福尔马林,福尔马林含量为0 mg / l,符合卫生要求。本研究的结论是,2019年登巴沙市传统市场销售的盐渍鲭鱼和盐渍鱼头的福尔马林含量存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Gambaran Upaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Dalam Penggunaan Pestisida 农药使用中的安全与健康工作概述
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.645
Made Canita R., I. W. Sudiadnyana
Potencial hazards that the threaten safety and health agricultural sector one of them is the use of pesticides. The pesticides are not controlled can make some trobles of health and environment pollution. The purpose of this study is to know description of occupational safety and health efforts in the use of pesticides of farmer group “Kube Amerta Abadi” In Candikuning Baturiti, Tabanan regency. This study is descriptive study. The sampling using a saturated sampling technique, in wich all members of the population are sampled. The data obtained through by interview and check up the cholinesterase of  15 members of farmer groups. The result of study are indicated that from 15 farmers, 14 farmers have a good effort of OHS planning phase. The effort of OHS implementation phase of 15 farmers all have a good effort of OHS. From 15 farmers, 9 of the farmers have the effort of OHS the bad post implementation phase, and 6 farmers have the effort of OHS the good post implementation phase. The effort of OHS in the use of pesticides 15 farmers, 8 farmers have the effort of OHS is good and 7 farmers have the effort of OHS moderate ability. From the check of cholinesterase, 4 farmers have a mild toxic and 11 farmers have suffered moderate toxic.
威胁农业安全与健康的潜在危害之一就是农药的使用。农药不加控制会造成一些健康问题和环境污染。本研究的目的是了解Tabanan县Candikuning Baturiti农民群体“Kube Amerta Abadi”在农药使用方面的职业安全卫生工作描述。本研究为描述性研究。采用饱和抽样技术的抽样,对总体的所有成员进行抽样。通过访谈和对15个农民群体成员的胆碱酯酶检测获得的数据。研究结果表明,在15个农户中,有14个农户在职业健康安全规划阶段表现良好。15个农户的OHS实施阶段均有良好的OHS工作。在15个农户中,有9个农户在职业健康安全不良后实施阶段做出了努力,6个农户在职业健康安全良好后实施阶段做出了努力。15个农户的OHS使用努力情况,8个农户的OHS努力情况良好,7个农户的OHS努力情况中等。从胆碱酯酶检查来看,4名农民有轻度中毒,11名农民有中度中毒。
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引用次数: 1
Tingkat Kepadatan Jentik Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Sebagai Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Di Wilayah Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Kesmas Blahbatuh I Tahun 2018
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.656
Anak Agung Istri Inten, Nyoman Purna, Nengah Notes
Abstract: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by aedes aegypty mosquitoes. Puskesmas Blahbatuh I in 2016 is included in the top 10 cases of Dengue Fever which is 195 cases (Dinkes, 2017). The purpose of this research is to know the level of density of mosquito larvae Aedes aegypty as dengue fever vector in the working area UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I Year 2018. Type of research used in this research is descriptive research type with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in working area of UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I which consists of five villages namely Medahan Village, Keramas Village, Pering Village, Belega Village and Bona Village.Obtained HI value (House of Indeks) : 16 %, CI (Container Indeks): 8 %, BI (Bruteu Indeks): 16 %, ABJ (Larva Free Rate) : 84% and DF (Density Figure ) : 3 as a medium density. The Prevention is do PSN or eradiation of mosquito breeding. The conclution is the area of UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I has been moderate the mosquito larvae density.
摘要:登革出血热是一种由登革热病毒引起的传染病,由埃及伊蚊传播。2016年的Puskesmas Blahbatuh I被列入登革热前十大病例,共有195例(Dinkes, 2017年)。本研究的目的是了解2018年UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I年工作区域作为登革热媒介的埃及伊蚊幼虫密度水平。在本研究中使用的研究类型是描述性研究类型与横断面方法。本研究在UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I工作区域进行,该区域由5个村庄组成,即Medahan村、Keramas村、Pering村、Belega村和Bona村。得到HI值(House of Indeks): 16%, CI (Container Indeks): 8%, BI (Bruteu Indeks): 16%, ABJ (Larva Free Rate): 84%, DF (Density Figure): 3为中密度。预防措施是做PSN或辐射蚊子繁殖。结果表明,该地区蚊幼虫密度处于中等水平。
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引用次数: 1
Keadaan Sanitasi Kolam Renang Tirta Yasa Desa Mambal Kecamatan Abiansemal Kabupaten Badung Tahun 2017
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.657
Ni Made Tia Erlinda Sukadewi, Ni Ketut Rusminingsih
     Abstract: Tirta Yasa Swimming Pool was opened on 2006, it is located in Mambal Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, it has 3 pools. At the first observation indicate there is not box for food wash, also many garbage in the pool. We interviewed some of customer and the said that they got eye’s irritation ifter swim there. The purpose of this research are to know the pool’s sanitation condition, to know quality an alchemy of pool’s water. Variable that used for this research is pool’s sanitation such as water’s quality, and also sanitation’s facilites that available at Tirta Yasa Swimming Pool. Category of the assesment divide as 3 cathegories such as skors 0-22 is less sanitation, skors 22-44 is enough sanitation, and skors 44-66 is good sanitation. The result of observation of Tirta Yasa Swimming Pool are : from 66 items that has been checked 45 point “Yes” and 21 point “No”, it categoried as good sanitation. Recomended to Tirta Yasa Swimming Pool to provide sanitation’s facilities and use desinfectan as on rule.  
摘要:Tirta Yasa游泳池于2006年开放,位于巴东县阿比安塞马尔区曼巴尔村,设有3个游泳池。在第一次观察时表明没有用于食物清洗的盒子,池中也有许多垃圾。我们采访了一些顾客,他们说他们在那里游泳后眼睛很刺激。本研究的目的是了解游泳池的卫生状况,了解泳池水的质量和炼金术。本研究中使用的变量是游泳池的卫生设施,如水质,以及Tirta Yasa游泳池可用的卫生设施。评价类别分为3个类别,其中skors 0-22为卫生条件较差,skors 22-44为卫生条件足够,skors 44-66为卫生条件良好。对提尔塔亚萨游泳池的观察结果是:在66项检查中,45分“是”,21分“否”,被列为卫生状况良好。建议提尔塔亚萨游泳池提供卫生设施,并按规定使用消毒液。
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引用次数: 0
Tinjauan Keadaan Fasilitas Sanitasi Obyek Wisata Pura Tirta Sudamala Kelurahan Bebalang, Kabupaten Bangli Tahun 2017 2017年孟加拉邦利区普拉蒂塔·苏贝拉贝拉孔德拉孔拉游客卫生设施状况概述
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.660
Gede Agus Depantara, I. M. B. Mahayana
Abstract Sanitation of public places is a disease prevention effort that focuses its activities on the cleanliness / health of public places (TTU) in serving the public in connection with the activities of the public places physiologically, psychologically, prevent the occurrence of disease or accidental transmission As well as aesthetics, inter-occupants, users, and the surrounding community. This research is a type of descriptive research with direct observation to the location and describes the condition of the location which includes the condition of waste facility, public toilet / toilet and canteen in accordance with the field. In this study used an observation sheet with different items. To know the state of sanitation facilities used two categories of assessment that is eligible and less qualified. The research was conducted in Pura Tirta Sudamala Banjar Sedit Bebalang Village, Bangli Sub-District, Bangli Regency using obervation technique. All items are 46 items. The results of the review of the condition of the sanitation facilities of the temple attractions tirta sudamala kelurahan bebalang, bangli regency eligible to get a score of 31 scores while not to meet the requirements of 15 scores, so the state of sanitary facilities in the temple tirta sudamala in the category qualify because the category of the state Eligible 0-23 and eligible categories 24-46. Keywords : Sanitation, Tourism Object, Public places
公共场所卫生是一种以公共场所的清洁/健康为活动重点,在生理、心理上服务于与公共场所活动有关的公众,防止疾病的发生或意外传播,以及美观、居住者、使用者和周围社区的疾病预防工作。本研究是一种描述性研究,直接观察到的位置,并描述了位置的条件,其中包括废物设施的条件,公共厕所/厕所和食堂按照该领域。本研究采用不同项目的观察表。为了了解卫生设施的状况,使用了合格和不合格两类评估。研究在邦里县邦里街道的Pura Tirta Sudamala Banjar Sedit Bebalang村进行,采用观察技术。所有项目为46项。审查结果显示,邦利县寺庙景点的卫生设施条件获得31分的合格分数,而没有达到15分的要求,因此邦利县寺庙卫生设施状态在合格类别中因为状态合格类别为0-23,而合格类别为24-46。关键词:卫生,旅游对象,公共场所
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引用次数: 2
Studi Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Pedagang Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Pasar Umum Ubud Kecamatan Ubud Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2017
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.670
Dewa Ayu Oki Andriyani, Dewa Ayu Agustini Posmaningsih
Ubud Public Market is visited by many foreign and local tourists. The increase of tourists to Ubud caused a negative impact from the development of tourism is the environment because the amount of waste generated in every place. The level of knowledge and awareness of traders in terms of waste management is still very less, seen from the general aspects of waste management is the stage of collection, transportation and final disposal. The purpose of this research is to know the knowledge, attitude and actions of trader’s about waste management at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency 2017. This research type is descriptive observasional. Samples in this research are 100 traders selling at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data collected in this research are primary and secondary data. Data collection was done by using questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and action of traders and observation sheet used to observe directly the waste management in Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data has been collected and then processed and presented in the form of tables or graphs. The result of this research is a traders with good knowledge of 49 people (49%), traders who have good attitude 51 people (51%), traders who have medium action 76 people (76%). 
乌布公共市场是许多外国和当地游客参观。游客的增加对乌布造成了旅游业发展的负面影响,因为每个地方都产生了大量的废物。贸易商在废物管理方面的知识和意识水平还很低,从废物管理的一般方面来看是收集、运输和最终处置的阶段。本研究的目的是了解2017年Gianyar Regency Ubud街道Ubud公共市场的商人对废物管理的知识,态度和行动。这种研究类型是描述性观察性的。本研究的样本为在吉安雅县乌布街道乌布公共市场销售的100名商贩。本研究收集的数据分为一手数据和二手数据。数据收集采用问卷调查法评估商贩的知识、态度和行动水平,采用观察表法直接观察吉安亚尔县乌布公共市场乌布街道的废物管理情况。数据已被收集,然后处理并以表格或图表的形式呈现。本次研究的结果是,拥有良好知识的交易者有49人(49%),态度良好的交易者有51人(51%),行动中等的交易者有76人(76%)。
{"title":"Studi Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Pedagang Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Pasar Umum Ubud Kecamatan Ubud Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2017","authors":"Dewa Ayu Oki Andriyani, Dewa Ayu Agustini Posmaningsih","doi":"10.33992/jkl.v9i1.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33992/jkl.v9i1.670","url":null,"abstract":"Ubud Public Market is visited by many foreign and local tourists. The increase of tourists to Ubud caused a negative impact from the development of tourism is the environment because the amount of waste generated in every place. The level of knowledge and awareness of traders in terms of waste management is still very less, seen from the general aspects of waste management is the stage of collection, transportation and final disposal. The purpose of this research is to know the knowledge, attitude and actions of trader’s about waste management at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency 2017. This research type is descriptive observasional. Samples in this research are 100 traders selling at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data collected in this research are primary and secondary data. Data collection was done by using questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and action of traders and observation sheet used to observe directly the waste management in Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data has been collected and then processed and presented in the form of tables or graphs. The result of this research is a traders with good knowledge of 49 people (49%), traders who have good attitude 51 people (51%), traders who have medium action 76 people (76%). ","PeriodicalId":274958,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan (JKL)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121595643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hubungan Kualitas Fisik Rumah Dengan Kejadian TBC Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan Tahun 2018 2018年登巴萨南部医院肺结核病例与家庭的身体质量关系
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.658
Ni Komang Suari Melinda Dewi, Anysiah Elly Yulianti
Indonesia is the second country with the highest population of Tuberculosis in the world after India. Tuberculosis is caused by Microbacterium tuberculosis wich transmitted through the airborne. One of the efforts for prevent the TBC transmitted is keeping the healthy quality physical of home. This research purposed to know the correlation between quality physical of home with lung TBC case at Puskesmas I South Denpasar working area. The types of this research is observasional retrospektif using case control design. Sampling procedures using total population sampling technique. The case group sample amount 34 patient with TBC in 2016 at Puskesmas I South Denpasar. The control grup sample amount 34 people who never suffer lung TBC and has same characteristics with the case group sample. Data collection using observation paper and analys statistic test using chi square method, continued with counting Coefficient Contigency (CC). Based on the chi square method result, showing the relation between lighting (p=0,001 CC=0,361), ventilation (p=0,014 CC=0,286), humadity (p=0,013 CC=0,290) dan temperature (p=0,000 CC=0,246) of home with lung TBC. There are no relation between the number of occupants home (p=0,086) and wall floor quality’s (p=0,088) with lung TBC case. Submitted suggestion in this research are 1) for community, please keep your attention for healthy and hygiene home, 2) for Puskesmas I South Denpasar, should be increased the health promotion about health housing wich related with Lung TBC.
印度尼西亚是仅次于印度的世界上结核病人口第二多的国家。结核病是由结核微杆菌引起的,通过空气传播。预防TBC传播的努力之一是保持家庭的健康质量。本研究旨在了解Puskesmas I South Denpasar工作区肺TBC病例与家庭质量物理的相关性。本研究采用病例对照设计,采用观察性回顾性分析。抽样程序采用总体抽样技术。病例组样本为2016年在南登巴萨Puskesmas I的34例TBC患者。对照组样本为34例从未患过肺TBC且与病例组样本具有相同特征的人。数据采集采用观察纸,统计检验采用卡方法,继续采用计数系数(CC)。基于卡方法的结果,显示了肺TBC家庭照明(p=0,001 CC=0,361),通风(p=0,014 CC=0,286),湿度(p=0,013 CC=0,290)和温度(p= 0,0000 CC=0,246)之间的关系。居住人数(p= 0.086)和墙面质量(p= 0.088)与肺TBC病例无关。在本研究中提出的建议是:1)对于社区,请关注健康卫生的家庭;2)对于Puskesmas I South Denpasar,应增加与肺TBC相关的健康住房的健康促进。
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引用次数: 2
Hubungan Motivasi Kerja Dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Pada Petugas Sampah Medis Di RSU Bangli 职业激励关系与在邦利将军的医疗垃圾场使用个人防护用品的行为有关
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v9i1.637
Putu Dewi Nara Santi, I. G. A. Suyasa, I. W. Jana
Hospital health facilities, is a workplace that is heavily loaded with potential health and safety hazards of its workers. The risk of health problems and accidents becomes greater because health facilities are labor-intensive workplaces. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of work motivation with the behavior of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to medical waste officers at Bangli General Hospital. The type of this research is observational research with cross sectional approach implemented in Bangli General Hospital, with 36 respondents. Data were collected by using questionnaire and univariate and bivariate analysis. Result of this research, there are 25% resonden have low motivation and as many as 27,8% of respondent have behavior of usage of PPE which is not good. The result of bivariate analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between work motivation and the behavior of PPE usage (p value 0,003) with medium relationship level 0,448. The conclusion is that there is a significant correlation between work motivation and the behavior of PPE usage on medical waste officer in Bangli General Hospital
医院卫生设施是一个工作场所,对其工作人员的健康和安全有很大的潜在危害。由于卫生设施是劳动密集型的工作场所,健康问题和事故的风险变得更大。本研究旨在探讨邦里总医院医疗废物管理人员个人防护装备使用行为与工作动机的关系。本研究的类型是观察性研究,采用横断面方法,在邦里总医院实施,有36名受访者。采用问卷调查、单因素和双因素分析收集资料。调查结果显示,25%的受访者工作积极性较低,27.8%的受访者存在不良的PPE使用行为。双变量分析结果显示,工作动机与PPE使用行为之间存在显著的相关关系(p值为0.003),中间关系水平为0.448。结论:邦利总医院医疗废弃物管理人员的工作动机与个人防护用品使用行为存在显著相关
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引用次数: 0
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PENGRAJIN GONG DI DUSUN TIHINGAN, KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG TAHUN 2018
Pub Date : 2019-03-12 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v8i2.519
Juliana, Nyoman Purna, Ketut Aryana
Abstract. The occupational health and safety in the management of hazard and so that the environment is very little risk of the creation of a positive a safe and healthy work. The puspose of this research to know the factors that relating to occupational accident on a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung. The kind of research used in research survey observational crossectional research study to a draft. Population in this research is all workers a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung many as 60 home industry were selected from 96 research workers. Use chi-square data available for analysis. The results of the research obtained which are not there was a correlation (P value 0,050) between the ages (0,301), education (0,497), the temperature (0,094), lighting (0,714), and influential factor equipment (0,118) by occupational accident and it can be seen there was a correlation (P value 0,050) between period of employment (0,000), a self protection (0,039), and noise (0,010) by occupational accident on a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung. Increase the prevention of the workers risk of occupational accident using the self protection a complete to improve security and safety.
摘要。对职业健康和安全危害进行管理,使环境风险极小,创造一个积极、安全、健康的工作环境。摘要本研究的目的是了解与九宫县天兴安村某手艺人的职业事故有关的因素。研究性调查研究采用的是观察性横断面研究性研究的一种草案。本研究的人口全部是工人,是在天兴安村的一名手艺人,从96名工人中选取了60多名家属业工人进行研究。使用卡方数据进行分析。研究结果表明,年龄(0,301)、教育程度(0,497)、温度(0,094)、照明(0,714)、影响因素设备(0,118)与职业事故之间存在显著相关(P值为0,050),而在广东天兴安村某手艺人工龄(0,039)、职业事故噪声(0,010)与职业事故之间存在显著相关(P值为0,050)。增加对工人职业事故风险的预防,利用自我保护完善安全保障。
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引用次数: 1
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI ORANG TUA DENGAN KEBERADAAN TELUR CACING PADA TINJA SISWA DI SDN 1 SUKAWATI KABUPATEN GIANYAR 家长动机关系存在的蠕虫蛋存在在学生的大便SDN 1 SUKAWATI区詹yar
Pub Date : 2019-03-12 DOI: 10.33992/jkl.v8i2.356
Anak Agung Ary Dwiutami, Ni Ketut Rusminingsih, I. K. Aryana
Bali province is one of provinces in Indonesia whose community especially children aged 5-12 years who still have intestinal worms infection with varying prevalence. This research is done in order to know the relationship of parents' motivation with the existence of worm eggs in the stools of students at SDN 1 Sukawati. This research is an analytical survey with cross sectional study design. The number of samples from this study are 67 respondents and 67 samples of stool students. Statistical test analysis in this study using Chi Square analysis method (X2). Characteristics of respondents obtained the dominant of age parents and students are between 38-43 years (52%) and students between 9-11 years (48%). The dominant of parents' education and the sex of the students are senior high school (47%) and female (52%). The relationship of parents' motivation with the existence of worm eggs in the stools of students is undefined because the existence of worm eggs in stool students is constant or all (100%) of samples stool are negative worm eggs. Various factors other than motivation can influence it. Nevertheless, parents should still motivate students to prevent intestinal worms because the disease can be infected at any time.
巴厘岛是印度尼西亚的一个省,其社区特别是5-12岁的儿童仍然有不同流行率的肠道蠕虫感染。本研究旨在了解苏卡瓦蒂第一中学学生粪便中存在虫卵与家长动机之间的关系。本研究是采用横断面研究设计的分析性调查。本研究的样本数量为67个调查对象和67个粪便学生样本。本研究采用卡方分析法(X2)进行统计检验分析。调查对象的特征得出,家长和学生的优势年龄在38-43岁之间(52%),学生在9-11岁之间(48%)。家长教育程度和学生性别占主导地位的是高中(47%)和女性(52%)。家长动机与学生粪便中虫卵存在的关系不明确,因为粪便学生中虫卵的存在是恒定的,或者所有(100%)的粪便样本都是负虫卵。除了动机之外,其他因素也会影响它。尽管如此,家长仍应鼓励学生预防肠道蠕虫,因为这种疾病随时可能感染。
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引用次数: 0
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