Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369379
H. Bao, H.S. Multani
Forty-seven industrial products with verifiable records of life cycle energy consumptions over their manufacturing phases and usage phases provide the basis for this study. The environmental impacts for determination include global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, photochemical oxidants, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. Correlations between these environmental impacts and the life cycle energy consumptions are the primary outputs of this study. It was determined that the energy consumption was an excellent indicator for many if not most of the environmental loads indicated above.
{"title":"Energy-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Products","authors":"H. Bao, H.S. Multani","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369379","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-seven industrial products with verifiable records of life cycle energy consumptions over their manufacturing phases and usage phases provide the basis for this study. The environmental impacts for determination include global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, photochemical oxidants, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. Correlations between these environmental impacts and the life cycle energy consumptions are the primary outputs of this study. It was determined that the energy consumption was an excellent indicator for many if not most of the environmental loads indicated above.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369371
N. Ninagawa, Y. Hamatsuka, N. Yamamoto, Y. Hiroshige
The worldwide spread of environmental rules concerning electrical and electronic equipment has increased the need for improved efficiency of Design for Environment (DfE). At present, assembly manufacturers request parts suppliers to submit parts data to confirm compliance with environmental rules. Assembly manufacturers are especially interested in the chemical content of parts. When confirming the accuracy of the data, an analytical instrument is often utilized by both assembly manufacturers and parts suppliers. However, it takes a huge number of man-hours. To solve this problem, we have proposed methodology to check the accuracy of environmental data, especially the chemical content of parts, without using an analytical instrument. Here we have developed logic to extract benchmark data and the trend of substance use from the existing parts database by applying statistical processes. "Benchmark data" are used for comparison to confirm environmental data for parts. We also developed a tool that produces a benchmark map, which is a matrix of benchmark data. As a result we found that each material or parts classification has different benchmark data and its trend. By our proposed method, we conclude that the use of benchmark data will reduce the risk of nonconformity or the number of man-hours needed for parts selection and parts qualification.
{"title":"Checking the Accuracy of Environmental Data for Compliance with Environmental Rules","authors":"N. Ninagawa, Y. Hamatsuka, N. Yamamoto, Y. Hiroshige","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369371","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide spread of environmental rules concerning electrical and electronic equipment has increased the need for improved efficiency of Design for Environment (DfE). At present, assembly manufacturers request parts suppliers to submit parts data to confirm compliance with environmental rules. Assembly manufacturers are especially interested in the chemical content of parts. When confirming the accuracy of the data, an analytical instrument is often utilized by both assembly manufacturers and parts suppliers. However, it takes a huge number of man-hours. To solve this problem, we have proposed methodology to check the accuracy of environmental data, especially the chemical content of parts, without using an analytical instrument. Here we have developed logic to extract benchmark data and the trend of substance use from the existing parts database by applying statistical processes. \"Benchmark data\" are used for comparison to confirm environmental data for parts. We also developed a tool that produces a benchmark map, which is a matrix of benchmark data. As a result we found that each material or parts classification has different benchmark data and its trend. By our proposed method, we conclude that the use of benchmark data will reduce the risk of nonconformity or the number of man-hours needed for parts selection and parts qualification.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133454364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369397
J. Ostlin, Helene Ekholm
Scandi-Toner AB works with remanufacturing of toner cartridges; both color cartridges and black cartridges The company Scandi-Toner and the remanufacturing industry in general do, compared to ordinary manufacturing, have some specific characteristics that might limit the possibilities to apply lean production principles, due to the high degree of uncertainty in the production process. These uncertainties are mainly caused by two factors: the quantity and quality of returned cores. Overall, these characteristics make the remanufacturing material flow harder to control. Hence the purpose of this paper is to analyze if lean productions principles for material flow can be applied in a remanufacturing environment, and especially at the Swedish remanufacturer Scandi-Toner AB. The analysis shows that lean production principles can be applied in remanufacturing environments, with some constraints. For the case company the study showed that for example the workshop layout could be improved significantly according to lean production principles. The one major conclusion that can be drawn from this analysis are that the inherent characteristics of variable processing times and uncertainty in materials recovered have the major negative impact for implementing a lean production process. Vice versa, given an accurate supply of parts for reassembly, all the appropriate principles of a lean production material flow can be implemented in the phases of reassembly and testing.
{"title":"Lean Production Principles in Remanufacturing A Case Study at a Toner Cartridge Remanufacturer","authors":"J. Ostlin, Helene Ekholm","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369397","url":null,"abstract":"Scandi-Toner AB works with remanufacturing of toner cartridges; both color cartridges and black cartridges The company Scandi-Toner and the remanufacturing industry in general do, compared to ordinary manufacturing, have some specific characteristics that might limit the possibilities to apply lean production principles, due to the high degree of uncertainty in the production process. These uncertainties are mainly caused by two factors: the quantity and quality of returned cores. Overall, these characteristics make the remanufacturing material flow harder to control. Hence the purpose of this paper is to analyze if lean productions principles for material flow can be applied in a remanufacturing environment, and especially at the Swedish remanufacturer Scandi-Toner AB. The analysis shows that lean production principles can be applied in remanufacturing environments, with some constraints. For the case company the study showed that for example the workshop layout could be improved significantly according to lean production principles. The one major conclusion that can be drawn from this analysis are that the inherent characteristics of variable processing times and uncertainty in materials recovered have the major negative impact for implementing a lean production process. Vice versa, given an accurate supply of parts for reassembly, all the appropriate principles of a lean production material flow can be implemented in the phases of reassembly and testing.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132709568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369376
Q. Niu, X. Liu, Chuan Shi, D. Xiang, G. Duan
The rational reclamation of the waste printed circuit board (PCB) plays the key portion in the solution of electronic waste. The evaluation of the feasibility and rationality of the reclamation mostly consists of technicality and economical efficiency. Current research inclines to the former factor. And the study on the economical efficiency of the reclamation is insufficient. Thus, this paper presents a new technique of waste PCB recycle, based on which an economical model of the recycle is elaborated. Aiming at the specific conditional of a Hong Kong plant, we perfect the economical model, and make the evaluation of the economical efficiency and feasibility of the waste PCB recycle process conducted by that plant. Finally, we offer quantitative analysis for the rational production of that plant.
{"title":"The Recycle Model of Printed Circuit Board and Its Economy Evaluation","authors":"Q. Niu, X. Liu, Chuan Shi, D. Xiang, G. Duan","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369376","url":null,"abstract":"The rational reclamation of the waste printed circuit board (PCB) plays the key portion in the solution of electronic waste. The evaluation of the feasibility and rationality of the reclamation mostly consists of technicality and economical efficiency. Current research inclines to the former factor. And the study on the economical efficiency of the reclamation is insufficient. Thus, this paper presents a new technique of waste PCB recycle, based on which an economical model of the recycle is elaborated. Aiming at the specific conditional of a Hong Kong plant, we perfect the economical model, and make the evaluation of the economical efficiency and feasibility of the waste PCB recycle process conducted by that plant. Finally, we offer quantitative analysis for the rational production of that plant.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"11 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120843364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369402
Jessica Hanafi, Sami Kara, H. Kaebernick
Managing product return is one of the issues in reverse logistics which has been developing with increasing environmental awareness. Currently various collection strategies are conducted throughout the world to gather old products to be reused, recycled or reprocessed. In order to effectively collect those products, these strategies have to be designed to suit various locations. Therefore, information on the quantity of product returns in those locations is essential. This paper presents an implementation of fuzzy coloured Petri net forecasting model to predict mobile phone returns in various locations in Australia. The results shows up to 90 percent forecast accuracy in predicting mobile phone returns.
{"title":"Generating Fuzzy Coloured Petri Net Forecasting Model to Predict the Return of Products","authors":"Jessica Hanafi, Sami Kara, H. Kaebernick","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369402","url":null,"abstract":"Managing product return is one of the issues in reverse logistics which has been developing with increasing environmental awareness. Currently various collection strategies are conducted throughout the world to gather old products to be reused, recycled or reprocessed. In order to effectively collect those products, these strategies have to be designed to suit various locations. Therefore, information on the quantity of product returns in those locations is essential. This paper presents an implementation of fuzzy coloured Petri net forecasting model to predict mobile phone returns in various locations in Australia. The results shows up to 90 percent forecast accuracy in predicting mobile phone returns.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369091
Y. Matsuno, K.I. Takahashi, M. Tsuda
In recent years, a growing number of companies have been using eco-efficiency as an indicator of environmental performance in Japan. In 2006, Japan environmental efficiency forum developed the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) eco-efficiency evaluation guidelines, which activated implementation of eco-efficiency evaluations for ICT by Japanese industries. This presentation will focus on the state of knowledge of evaluation of environmental impact of ICT as well as the development of eco-efficiency guidelines for ICT in Japan. In addition, a comparative eco-efficiency case study for a videoconference and face-to-face meeting are presented.
{"title":"Eco-Efficiency for Information and Communications Technology (ICT): The State of Knowledge in Japan","authors":"Y. Matsuno, K.I. Takahashi, M. Tsuda","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369091","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a growing number of companies have been using eco-efficiency as an indicator of environmental performance in Japan. In 2006, Japan environmental efficiency forum developed the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) eco-efficiency evaluation guidelines, which activated implementation of eco-efficiency evaluations for ICT by Japanese industries. This presentation will focus on the state of knowledge of evaluation of environmental impact of ICT as well as the development of eco-efficiency guidelines for ICT in Japan. In addition, a comparative eco-efficiency case study for a videoconference and face-to-face meeting are presented.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130447901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369095
T. Hashitani, S. Suzuki, M. Kutami
We have developed a method for evaluating the possibility of reducing environmental burden through the introduction of ICT solutions, based on ICT's environmental efficiency evaluation guideline. The method used calculates the environmental burden (CO2 emissions) before and after the introduction of our ICT solution with respect to seven environmental factors, including resource consumption and human transportation. What is prominent in our system particularly is that the increase and decrease of office spaces as a result of introducing ICT required for work (working efficiency), documents, equipment, etc., is included as a subject for evaluation as office spaces. In addition to evaluation of the environmental burden, eco-efficiency and the factor were considered through the case study.
{"title":"Environmental burden assessment method for ICT solutions","authors":"T. Hashitani, S. Suzuki, M. Kutami","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369095","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a method for evaluating the possibility of reducing environmental burden through the introduction of ICT solutions, based on ICT's environmental efficiency evaluation guideline. The method used calculates the environmental burden (CO2 emissions) before and after the introduction of our ICT solution with respect to seven environmental factors, including resource consumption and human transportation. What is prominent in our system particularly is that the increase and decrease of office spaces as a result of introducing ICT required for work (working efficiency), documents, equipment, etc., is included as a subject for evaluation as office spaces. In addition to evaluation of the environmental burden, eco-efficiency and the factor were considered through the case study.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369390
V. Thomas
The UPC code, now nearly universal on retail products, has provided a foundation for efficient product supply chains. The extension of a universal product code to the product lifecycle is could make reuse and recycling more efficient, economical, and could open up new technological possibilities for product lifecycle management. The key questions concern the costs and environmental and economic benefits of extending the UPC throughout the product lifecycle.
{"title":"A Universal Code for Lifecycle Management of Products","authors":"V. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369390","url":null,"abstract":"The UPC code, now nearly universal on retail products, has provided a foundation for efficient product supply chains. The extension of a universal product code to the product lifecycle is could make reuse and recycling more efficient, economical, and could open up new technological possibilities for product lifecycle management. The key questions concern the costs and environmental and economic benefits of extending the UPC throughout the product lifecycle.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126427298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369382
T. Gutowski, J. Dahmus, A. Thiriez, M. Branham, Alissa J. Jones
The aim of this paper is to characterize the material and energy transformations that take place in manufacturing processes. The measures used here are energy, and a related property "exergy". We summarize thermodynamic data for three aspects of the manufacturing processes: 1) the energy requirements for the materials used in manufacturing processes, 2) the energy requirements for manufacturing processes themselves, and 3) the efficiency of the material and energy transformations in manufacturing processes.
{"title":"A Thermodynamic Characterization of Manufacturing Processes","authors":"T. Gutowski, J. Dahmus, A. Thiriez, M. Branham, Alissa J. Jones","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369382","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to characterize the material and energy transformations that take place in manufacturing processes. The measures used here are energy, and a related property \"exergy\". We summarize thermodynamic data for three aspects of the manufacturing processes: 1) the energy requirements for the materials used in manufacturing processes, 2) the energy requirements for manufacturing processes themselves, and 3) the efficiency of the material and energy transformations in manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132124827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369398
T. Yuksel, I. Baylakoğlu
This paper studies the development of the recycling method of a washing machine and oven. The advantages and disadvantages of the disassembly and recycling options have been discussed, such as difficulties of robot arms usage in the deformed shape waste products in automatic disassembly and why the manual disassembly has been preferred will be explained. In this study, the recycling systems have been evaluated and a methodology has been presented to find the cost that producers should bear according to the different collection targets which is determined in the directive and developing the best solution methodology in between the automatic disassembly, manual disassembly and recycle with shredders. It has also been presented the determination of performance of automatic disassembly as percentage of recycle, regaining, disassembly time consumption of washing machine as a pilot study in the decision period of disassembly methods.
{"title":"Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Benchmarking of Disassembly Methods and Cost Analysis","authors":"T. Yuksel, I. Baylakoğlu","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2007.369398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2007.369398","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the development of the recycling method of a washing machine and oven. The advantages and disadvantages of the disassembly and recycling options have been discussed, such as difficulties of robot arms usage in the deformed shape waste products in automatic disassembly and why the manual disassembly has been preferred will be explained. In this study, the recycling systems have been evaluated and a methodology has been presented to find the cost that producers should bear according to the different collection targets which is determined in the directive and developing the best solution methodology in between the automatic disassembly, manual disassembly and recycle with shredders. It has also been presented the determination of performance of automatic disassembly as percentage of recycle, regaining, disassembly time consumption of washing machine as a pilot study in the decision period of disassembly methods.","PeriodicalId":275164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134207225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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