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2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference最新文献

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Scheduling with integer time budgeting for low-power optimization 基于整数时间预算的低功耗优化调度
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483947
Wei Jiang, Zhiru Zhang, M. Potkonjak, J. Cong
In this paper we present a mathematical programming formulation of the integer time budgeting problem for directed acyclic graphs. In particular, we formally prove that our constraint matrix has a special property that enables a polynomial-time algorithm to solve the problem optimally with a guaranteed integral solution. Our theory can be directly applied to solving a scheduling problem in behavioral synthesis with the objective of minimizing the system power consumption. Given a set of scheduling constraints and a collection of convex power-delay tradeoff curves for each type of operation, our scheduler can intelligently schedule the operations to appropriate clock cycles and simultaneously select the module implementations that lead to low-power solutions. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed technique can produce near-optimal results (within 6% of the optimum by the ILP formulation), with 40x+ speedup.
本文给出了有向无环图整数时间预算问题的一个数学规划公式。特别地,我们正式证明了我们的约束矩阵具有一个特殊的性质,使得多项式时间算法能够以保证积分解最优地解决问题。该理论可直接应用于解决以系统功耗最小为目标的行为综合调度问题。给定一组调度约束和一组针对每种操作的凸功率延迟权衡曲线,我们的调度程序可以智能地将操作调度到适当的时钟周期,并同时选择导致低功耗解决方案的模块实现。实验表明,我们提出的技术可以产生接近最优的结果(在ILP配方最优值的6%以内),速度提高40倍以上。
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引用次数: 24
A new low energy BIST using a statistical code 基于统计码的新型低能量物理标准技术
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4484031
S. Chun, Taejin Kim, Sungho Kang
To tackle with the increased switching activity during the test operation, this paper proposes a new built-in self test (BIST) scheme for low energy testing that uses a statistical code and a new technique to skip unnecessary test sequences. From a general point of view, the goal of this technique is to minimize the total power consumption during a test and to allow the at-speed test in order to achieve high fault coverage. The effectiveness of the proposed low energy BIST scheme was validated on a set of ISC AS '89 benchmark circuits with respect to test data volume and energy saving.
为了解决测试过程中切换活动增加的问题,本文提出了一种新的低能量测试内置自检(BIST)方案,该方案使用统计编码和一种新技术来跳过不必要的测试序列。从一般的角度来看,该技术的目标是在测试期间最小化总功耗,并允许高速测试以实现高故障覆盖率。在一组ISC AS '89基准电路上验证了所提出的低功耗BIST方案在测试数据量和节能方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 12
Super-K: A SoC for single-chip ultra mobile computer Super-K:用于单芯片超移动计算机的SoC
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483957
Xu Cheng
In this panel discussion, I will make a brief introduction to the on-going Super-K project at the Microprocessor Research and Development Center (MPRC). The background of this project is the convergence of computers, consumer electronics and communication, so called 3C. MPRC has a ten-year history in microprocessor and system-on-chip (SoC) research and design. In the past, we have developed our own 32-bit RISC processor named UniCore, and two generations of SoC named PKUnity-863 (in acknowledgement of the support from China National High-Tech Program 863, abbr. 863 Project). From 2003 onwards, network computers based on UniCore have been used in commercial context.
在这次小组讨论中,我将简要介绍微处理器研究与发展中心(MPRC)正在进行的Super-K项目。这个项目的背景是计算机、消费电子和通信的融合,即3C。MPRC在微处理器和片上系统(SoC)研究和设计方面有十年的历史。在过去,我们开发了自己的32位RISC处理器UniCore,以及两代SoC PKUnity-863(感谢国家高新技术计划863,简称863项目的支持)。从2003年开始,基于UniCore的网络计算机已经在商业环境中使用。
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引用次数: 2
Interconnect modeling for improved system-level design optimization 互连建模改进系统级设计优化
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483952
L. Carloni, A. Kahng, S. Muddu, A. Pinto, K. Samadi, P. Sharma
Accurate modeling of delay, power, and area of interconnections early in the design phase is crucial for effective system-level optimization. Models presently used in system-level optimizations, such as network-on-chip (NoC) synthesis, are inaccurate in the presence of deep-submicron effects. In this paper, we propose new, highly accurate models for delay and power in buffered interconnects; these models are usable by system-level designers for existing and future technologies. We present a general and transferable methodology to construct our models from a wide variety of reliable sources (Liberty, LEF/ITF, ITRS, PTM, etc.). The modeling infrastructure, and a number of characterized technologies, are available as open source. Our models comprehend key interconnect circuit and layout design styles, and a power-efficient buffering technique that overcomes unrealities of previous delay-driven buffering techniques. We show that our models are significantly more accurate than previous models for global and intermediate buffered interconnects in 90 nm and 65 nm foundry processes - essentially matching signoff analyses. We also integrate our models in the COSI-OCC synthesis tool and show that the more accurate modeling significantly affects optimal/achievable architectures that are synthesized by the tool. The increased accuracy provided by our models enables system-level designers to obtain better assessments of the achievable performance/power/area tradeoffs for (communication-centric aspects of) system design, with negligible setup and overhead burdens.
在设计阶段早期对互连的延迟、功率和面积进行准确建模对于有效的系统级优化至关重要。目前用于系统级优化的模型,如片上网络(NoC)合成,在存在深亚微米效应的情况下是不准确的。在本文中,我们提出了新的,高精度的延迟和功率的缓冲互连模型;这些模型可供系统级设计人员用于现有和未来的技术。我们提出了一种通用的、可转移的方法,从各种可靠的来源(Liberty、LEF/ITF、ITRS、PTM等)构建我们的模型。建模基础设施和许多具有特征的技术都是开源的。我们的模型理解了关键的互连电路和布局设计风格,以及一种节能缓冲技术,克服了以前延迟驱动缓冲技术的不现实。我们表明,对于90纳米和65纳米晶圆制程的全局和中间缓冲互连,我们的模型比以前的模型要准确得多——基本上与签名分析相匹配。我们还将我们的模型集成到cos - occ合成工具中,并表明更准确的建模显着影响了由该工具合成的最优/可实现的体系结构。我们的模型提供的更高的准确性使系统级设计人员能够更好地评估(以通信为中心的方面)系统设计的可实现性能/功率/面积权衡,而可以忽略设置和开销负担。
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引用次数: 25
Efficient synthesis of compressor trees on FPGAs fpga上压缩树的高效合成
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483927
H. Parandeh-Afshar, P. Brisk, P. Ienne
FPGA performance is currently lacking for arithmetic circuits. Large sums of k > 2 integer values is a computationally intensive operation in applications such as digital signal and video processing. In ASIC design, compressor trees, such as Wallace and Dadda trees, are used for parallel accumulation; however, the LUT structure and fast carry-chains employed by modern FPGAs favor trees of carry-propagate adders (CPAs), which are a poor choice for ASIC design. This paper presents the first method to successfully synthesize compressor trees on LUT-based FPGAs. In particular, we have found that generalized parallel counters (GPCs) map quite well to LUTs on FPGAs; a heuristic, presented within, constructs a compressor tree from a library of GPCs that can efficiently be implemented on the target FPGA. Compared to the ternary adder trees produced by commercial synthesis tools, our heuristic reduces the combinational delay by 27.5%, on average, within a tolerable average area increase of 5.7%.
目前FPGA在算术电路方面的性能不足。在数字信号和视频处理等应用中,k > 2的大量整数值是计算密集型的操作。在ASIC设计中,压缩树(如Wallace树和Dadda树)用于并行积累;然而,现代fpga采用的LUT结构和快速进位链有利于进位传播加法器(cpa)树,这对于ASIC设计来说是一个糟糕的选择。本文首次提出了在基于lut的fpga上成功合成压缩树的方法。特别是,我们发现广义并行计数器(gpc)可以很好地映射到fpga上的lut;本文提出了一种启发式方法,从gpc库中构建一个压缩树,该压缩树可以在目标FPGA上有效地实现。与商业合成工具生成的三元加法树相比,我们的启发式算法在可容忍的平均面积增加5.7%的情况下,平均减少了27.5%的组合延迟。
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引用次数: 63
Reaching the limits of low power design 达到低功耗设计的极限
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4484048
J. Hobbs, T. Williams
As process technologies continue to shrink, and feature demands continue to increase, more and more capabilities are being pushed into smaller and smaller packages. But are we finally reaching the point where power density limitations make this trend no longer sustainable? What advanced techniques are in use today, and on the horizon, to address this? Are we limited only to hardware techniques, or can these power limitation issues be addressed with smarter software development? And how do we handle verification of these complex implementations? This paper explores possible methods for improving the ";power capacity"; of power sensitive designs.
随着工艺技术的不断缩小,以及对特性需求的不断增加,越来越多的功能被推入越来越小的封装中。但是,我们是否最终达到了功率密度限制使这一趋势不再可持续的地步?为了解决这个问题,目前正在使用哪些先进的技术?我们是否只局限于硬件技术,或者这些功率限制问题是否可以通过更智能的软件开发来解决?我们如何处理这些复杂实现的验证?本文探讨了提高“电力容量”的可能方法;功率敏感设计。
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引用次数: 1
Block remap with turnoff: A variation-tolerant cache design technique 带关闭的块重映射:一种容错缓存设计技术
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4484058
M. A. Hussain, M. Mutyam
With reducing feature size, the effects of process variations are becoming more and more predominant. Memory components such as on-chip caches are more susceptible to such variations because of high density and small sized transistors present in them. Process variations can result in high access latency and leakage energy dissipation. This may lead to a functionally correct chip being rejected, resulting in reduced chip yield. In this paper, by considering a process variation affected on-chip data cache, we first analyze performance loss due to worst-case design techniques such as accessing the entire cache with the worst-case access latency or turning off the process variation affected cache blocks, and show that the worst-case design techniques result in significant performance loss and/or high leakage energy. Then by exploiting the fact that not all applications require full associativity at set-level, we propose a variation-tolerant design technique, namely, block remap with turnoff (BRT), to minimize performance loss and leakage energy consumption. In BRT technique we selectively turnoff few blocks after rearranging them in such a way that all sets get almost equal number of process variation affected blocks. By turning off process variation affected blocks of a set, leakage energy can be minimized and the set can be accessed with low latency at the cost of reduced set associativity. We validate our technique by running SPEC2000 CPU benchmark-suite on Simplescalar simulator and show that our technique significantly reduces the performance loss and leakage energy consumption due to process variations.
随着特征尺寸的减小,工艺变化的影响变得越来越突出。诸如片上缓存之类的存储器组件更容易受到这种变化的影响,因为它们具有高密度和小尺寸的晶体管。工艺变化会导致高访问延迟和泄漏能量耗散。这可能导致功能正确的芯片被拒绝,从而导致芯片成品率降低。在本文中,通过考虑影响片上数据缓存的工艺变化,我们首先分析了由于最坏情况设计技术(如使用最坏情况访问延迟访问整个缓存或关闭受最坏情况影响的缓存块)导致的性能损失,并表明最坏情况设计技术会导致显着的性能损失和/或高泄漏能量。然后,利用并非所有应用都需要集合级的完全结合性这一事实,我们提出了一种容差设计技术,即带关断的块重映射(BRT),以最大限度地减少性能损失和泄漏能量消耗。在BRT技术中,我们在重新排列后选择性地关闭一些块,使所有集获得几乎相同数量的过程变化影响块。通过关闭一个集合中受进程变化影响的块,可以最小化泄漏能量,以降低集合的结合性为代价,以低延迟访问该集合。我们通过在Simplescalar模拟器上运行SPEC2000 CPU基准套件验证了我们的技术,并表明我们的技术显着降低了由于工艺变化而导致的性能损失和泄漏能耗。
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引用次数: 13
Routability driven modification method of monotonic via assignment for 2-layer Ball Grid Array packages 双层球栅阵列封装单调经分配的可达性驱动修正方法
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483949
Yoichi Tomioka, A. Takahashi
Ball grid array packages in which I/O pins are arranged in a grid array pattern realize a number of connections between chips and a printed circuit board, but it takes much time in manual routing. We propose a fast routing method for 2-layer ball grid array packages to support designers. Our method distributes wires evenly on top layer and increases completion ratio of nets by improving via assignment iteratively.
球栅阵列封装将I/O引脚按栅格排列,实现了芯片与印刷电路板之间的多种连接,但手工布线费时。我们提出了一种2层球栅阵列封装的快速布线方法,以支持设计人员。该方法将钢丝均匀分布在顶层,通过分配迭代改进,提高了网的完成率。
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引用次数: 11
A brand new wireless day 崭新的无线一天
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483940
J. Rabaey
Summary form only given. The wireless communications field has experienced a truly amazing growth since the early 1990's. Wireless connectivity slowly but surely has become pervasive. One would expect that by now this revolution must be losing some steam, but the truth is far from that. If anything, it is gathering even more speed. In the coming decades, introduction of innovative wireless technologies will enable a broad range of exciting applications to come to fruition, and reshape the way we interact with our daily living environment. Underlying it all is a three-tiered environment consisting of a large number of huge data and compute centers, billions of mobile compute and computation devices, and potentially trillions of tiny sensors and actuators. Making this happen will require some important wireless roadblocks to be either overcome or circumvented. A short list of those includes spectrum scarcity, reliability, complexity, security and obviously power. In this presentation, a number of innovative and even revolutionary solutions to address these will be discussed. Examples are collaborative cognitive networks, wireless in the mm-wave region of the spectrum, and miniature wireless. Each of these approaches pushes some part of the design technology to its limits, and may even require a totally novel approach towards design, all this while semiconductor technology is trying to cope with the uncertainty of design in the nanometer regime. One thing is for sure - the wireless designer of the next decade is bound for some very exciting times.
只提供摘要形式。自20世纪90年代初以来,无线通信领域经历了真正惊人的增长。无线连接虽然缓慢但肯定已经普及。人们可能会认为,到目前为止,这场革命肯定已经失去了一些动力,但事实远非如此。如果说有什么不同的话,那就是它正在以更快的速度增长。在未来的几十年里,创新无线技术的引入将使一系列令人兴奋的应用成为现实,并重塑我们与日常生活环境的互动方式。这一切的基础是一个三层环境,包括大量庞大的数据和计算中心,数十亿的移动计算和计算设备,以及潜在的数万亿个微型传感器和执行器。要实现这一目标,需要克服或绕过一些重要的无线障碍。其中包括频谱稀缺、可靠性、复杂性、安全性,显然还有功率。在这次演讲中,我们将讨论一些创新的甚至是革命性的解决方案来解决这些问题。例如协作认知网络、毫米波频谱区域的无线和微型无线。这些方法中的每一种都将设计技术的某些部分推向了极限,甚至可能需要一种全新的设计方法,而这一切都是在半导体技术试图应对纳米体系中设计的不确定性的时候发生的。有一件事是肯定的——下一个十年的无线设计师一定会迎来一些非常激动人心的时刻。
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引用次数: 19
Parameterized embedded in-circuit emulator and its retargetable debugging software for microprocessor/microcontroller/DSP processor 用于微处理器/微控制器/DSP处理器的参数化嵌入式仿真器及其可重定向调试软件
Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4483923
Liang-Bi Chen, Yung-Chih Liu, Chen-Hung Chen, Chung-Fu Kao, Ing-Jer Huang
The in-circuit emulator (ICE) is commonly adopted as a microprocessor debugging technique. In this paper, a parameterized embedded in-circuit emulator and its retargetable debugging software are proposed. The parameterized embedded in-circuit emulator can be integrated into different style processors such as microcontroller, microprocessor, and DSP processor. The GUI interface debugging software can help user to debug easily. As a result of it, the duration of microprocessor debugging design procedure time is reduced.
在线仿真器(ICE)是一种常用的微处理器调试技术。本文提出了一种参数化嵌入式仿真器及其可重定向调试软件。参数化嵌入式仿真器可以集成到不同类型的处理器中,如微控制器、微处理器和DSP处理器。GUI界面调试软件可以方便用户调试。因此,缩短了微处理器调试设计程序的时间。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
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