In this study, a PVC drip irrigation system was designed to investigate the effect of different soil treatments on crop yield, using Oba Super 13 maize variety as test crop, on three major plots, each representing a different tillage method. Each plot has three levels of each of the three soil treatments involved including irrigation deficit, tillage method and NPK Application rate, totaling 27 subplots. The three levels of irrigation treatments were 50%, 30% and 10% management allowable depletion levels; tillage treatments were conventional tillage, conservative tillage and no tillage methods, while the NPK application treatments were 400 kg/ha, 500 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha rates, and experimentally designed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert 11 software. The crop yield for all the subplots were determined, and maximum crop yield of 2540 kg/ha was obtained at conservative tillage with 10%MAD, and 600 kg/ha NPK application rate, while minimum tillage of 1234.67 kg/ha was obtained at no tillage, 50%MAD and 400 kg/ha NPK application rate. Controllable variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with crop yield for all the subplots. The optimum values based on the run gave irrigation deficit as 11.594%, NPK Application rate as 596.406 kg/ha, best tillage method as conservative tillage, crop yield of 2543.589 kg/ha. The highest maize yield was obtained in conservative tillage and the results confirm the viability of obtaining high yield in the study area using drip irrigation system during the dry season.
{"title":"The effects of various soil treatments on crop yield in Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Orakwe Chukwuemeka, Nwachukwu Pius, Anizoba Chinazom","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301001c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301001c","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a PVC drip irrigation system was designed to investigate the effect of different soil treatments on crop yield, using Oba Super 13 maize variety as test crop, on three major plots, each representing a different tillage method. Each plot has three levels of each of the three soil treatments involved including irrigation deficit, tillage method and NPK Application rate, totaling 27 subplots. The three levels of irrigation treatments were 50%, 30% and 10% management allowable depletion levels; tillage treatments were conventional tillage, conservative tillage and no tillage methods, while the NPK application treatments were 400 kg/ha, 500 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha rates, and experimentally designed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert 11 software. The crop yield for all the subplots were determined, and maximum crop yield of 2540 kg/ha was obtained at conservative tillage with 10%MAD, and 600 kg/ha NPK application rate, while minimum tillage of 1234.67 kg/ha was obtained at no tillage, 50%MAD and 400 kg/ha NPK application rate. Controllable variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with crop yield for all the subplots. The optimum values based on the run gave irrigation deficit as 11.594%, NPK Application rate as 596.406 kg/ha, best tillage method as conservative tillage, crop yield of 2543.589 kg/ha. The highest maize yield was obtained in conservative tillage and the results confirm the viability of obtaining high yield in the study area using drip irrigation system during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Arnautović, Tatjana Davidov, S. Nastić, S. Popović
The importance of making a rational business decision by top management in agricultural enterprises should be viewed as an ongoing process. The process of rational business decision-making is of special importance for the business of companies that carry out most of their business in activities that do not have a high degree of capital turnover, i.e. in activities that depend on the great influence of natural factors on production such as agriculture. The authors point out that the process of making a rational business decision begins with making a valid management decision by top management. The implementation of a valid business decision in all parts of the company is of great importance to be implemented immediately because any delay in its implementation costs the company. The IT sector of the company can help speed up the implementation of the business decision of the top management, because it has the technical conditions to immediately include innovative business decisions in the business system in all sectors in the agricultural company. As a special support for the implementation of business decision-making is the previous adoption of a valid organizational scheme in the company.
{"title":"The importance of making a rational business decision of top management in agricultural companies in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"I. Arnautović, Tatjana Davidov, S. Nastić, S. Popović","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2203001a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203001a","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of making a rational business decision by top management in agricultural enterprises should be viewed as an ongoing process. The process of rational business decision-making is of special importance for the business of companies that carry out most of their business in activities that do not have a high degree of capital turnover, i.e. in activities that depend on the great influence of natural factors on production such as agriculture. The authors point out that the process of making a rational business decision begins with making a valid management decision by top management. The implementation of a valid business decision in all parts of the company is of great importance to be implemented immediately because any delay in its implementation costs the company. The IT sector of the company can help speed up the implementation of the business decision of the top management, because it has the technical conditions to immediately include innovative business decisions in the business system in all sectors in the agricultural company. As a special support for the implementation of business decision-making is the previous adoption of a valid organizational scheme in the company.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tillage is the basic operation in agriculture and its energy requirements represent a considerable portion of the energy utilized in crop production. A field experimental data were optimized using central composite rotatable design of response surface method for draft and power requirement for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow in a loamy soil. Optimum draft for 3-bottomdisc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a loamy soil were 2.80; 0.20 and 1.82kN, respectively while optimum power requirements for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow were 3.93; 0.30 and 2.42 kW, respectively. Optimum tillage depth and tractor speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow were 22.03 cm and 10.84 km/hr, 14.07 cm and 10.80 km/hr, 17.70 cm and 10.24 km/hr, respectively. It is therefore recommended that tillage operation should be carried out at the specified optimum values at the study location in order to increase the efficiency of the operation.
{"title":"Performance optimization of draft and power requirement for some tillage implements ina loamy soil: A response surface approach","authors":"P. Okoko, O. Nwabueze","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301079o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301079o","url":null,"abstract":"Tillage is the basic operation in agriculture and its energy requirements represent a considerable portion of the energy utilized in crop production. A field experimental data were optimized using central composite rotatable design of response surface method for draft and power requirement for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow in a loamy soil. Optimum draft for 3-bottomdisc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a loamy soil were 2.80; 0.20 and 1.82kN, respectively while optimum power requirements for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow were 3.93; 0.30 and 2.42 kW, respectively. Optimum tillage depth and tractor speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow were 22.03 cm and 10.84 km/hr, 14.07 cm and 10.80 km/hr, 17.70 cm and 10.24 km/hr, respectively. It is therefore recommended that tillage operation should be carried out at the specified optimum values at the study location in order to increase the efficiency of the operation.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimization of process parameters of many existing biolubricant were carried out based on the factor interactions and yield without putting the physicochemical properties into consideration. The aim of the work is to optimize the reaction temperature and time for the production of high-quality biolubricant using set objectives in relation to the physicochemical properties of the bio-lube produced. The reactor used consists of a reactor tank (2500 cm3 ), temperature, time, stirrer (agitation), speed ranged between 0 - 300oC, 0 - 120 minutes and 80 - 500 rpm respectively. The optimum temperature and time design matrix using Response Surface Methodology (Doptimal design) in Design Expert 11.0 software package. The results of the optimized yield of the castor seed oil biolubricant produced were compared with international standards for lubricant. The result shows better yield in the operational process of the fuzzy logic-controlled reactor. The yield of biolubricant for the experimental design matrix produced using the fuzzy logic reactor ranged between 79 - 96 %. Higher values were obtained from the study, except for the pour point values that were lower. The higher yield and the physical and thermal properties in castor oil biolubricant from the fuzzy logic temperature-controlled reactor could be as result of the uniform temperature and reaction time during the production process. The optimum condition for the bio-lube produced considering the optimum set goals for best quality biolubricant produced considering the set goal objective to comprise all the physico-thermal properties obtained in the study. The optimum condition was obtained at ninety-nine (99.5) minutes reaction time and 250oC reaction temperature with desirability value of 0.76. with the physico-thermal properties of 96.48 %, 33.7 mPa.s (33.7 cP), 15.5 mPa.s (15.5 cP), 179.9oC, 291oC, 15.9oC, for viscosity at 40oC, viscosity at 100oC, viscosity Index, Flash point, pour point. The physicochemical properties of biolubricant produced at optimum condition are within the recommended international standard. It can be concluded that the fuzzy logic-controlled reactor product is better biolubricant considering the number of parameters set goal to determine the optimum condition for production.
{"title":"Optimization of bio-lube production using the automated fuzzy logic controlled temperature bioreactor and D-optimal design","authors":"P. Obasa, B. Adejumo","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2102056o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2102056o","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of process parameters of many existing biolubricant were carried out based on the factor interactions and yield without putting the physicochemical properties into consideration. The aim of the work is to optimize the reaction temperature and time for the production of high-quality biolubricant using set objectives in relation to the physicochemical properties of the bio-lube produced. The reactor used consists of a reactor tank (2500 cm3 ), temperature, time, stirrer (agitation), speed ranged between 0 - 300oC, 0 - 120 minutes and 80 - 500 rpm respectively. The optimum temperature and time design matrix using Response Surface Methodology (Doptimal design) in Design Expert 11.0 software package. The results of the optimized yield of the castor seed oil biolubricant produced were compared with international standards for lubricant. The result shows better yield in the operational process of the fuzzy logic-controlled reactor. The yield of biolubricant for the experimental design matrix produced using the fuzzy logic reactor ranged between 79 - 96 %. Higher values were obtained from the study, except for the pour point values that were lower. The higher yield and the physical and thermal properties in castor oil biolubricant from the fuzzy logic temperature-controlled reactor could be as result of the uniform temperature and reaction time during the production process. The optimum condition for the bio-lube produced considering the optimum set goals for best quality biolubricant produced considering the set goal objective to comprise all the physico-thermal properties obtained in the study. The optimum condition was obtained at ninety-nine (99.5) minutes reaction time and 250oC reaction temperature with desirability value of 0.76. with the physico-thermal properties of 96.48 %, 33.7 mPa.s (33.7 cP), 15.5 mPa.s (15.5 cP), 179.9oC, 291oC, 15.9oC, for viscosity at 40oC, viscosity at 100oC, viscosity Index, Flash point, pour point. The physicochemical properties of biolubricant produced at optimum condition are within the recommended international standard. It can be concluded that the fuzzy logic-controlled reactor product is better biolubricant considering the number of parameters set goal to determine the optimum condition for production.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dried chillies are packed in gunny bags non-uniformly in different packing sizes. Dried chilies, being low bulk material occupies large volume, need to be compacted before it is bagged to gunny bags. Conventionally, dried chilies are compacted by labor in the field itself by tying gunny bag to a tripod stand and simultaneous filling of dried chilies and trampling by feet till overall weight of the bag reaches 40-45 kg. Conventional method is highly labor intensive involves drudgery, low productive (3 laborers can compact a quantum of 8 bags per hour) and causes burning sensation to the labor. An attempt has been made to design and develop portable mechanical machine to compact dry chilies and bag. Evaluation of developed machine has been conducted at farmer’s field in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh India. The capacity of the developed machine was found to be 18 bags/h, technically feasible and economically viable. There is a saving of Rs 9.68 per bag in mechanized compaction and bagging process with an improvement in productivity over 150%.
{"title":"Design and development of mechanical dried chillies compaction machine","authors":"Sidlagatta Vardhan, Bandi Wesley","doi":"10.5937/poljteh1904060v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh1904060v","url":null,"abstract":"Dried chillies are packed in gunny bags non-uniformly in different packing sizes. Dried chilies, being low bulk material occupies large volume, need to be compacted before it is bagged to gunny bags. Conventionally, dried chilies are compacted by labor in the field itself by tying gunny bag to a tripod stand and simultaneous filling of dried chilies and trampling by feet till overall weight of the bag reaches 40-45 kg. Conventional method is highly labor intensive involves drudgery, low productive (3 laborers can compact a quantum of 8 bags per hour) and causes burning sensation to the labor. An attempt has been made to design and develop portable mechanical machine to compact dry chilies and bag. Evaluation of developed machine has been conducted at farmer’s field in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh India. The capacity of the developed machine was found to be 18 bags/h, technically feasible and economically viable. There is a saving of Rs 9.68 per bag in mechanized compaction and bagging process with an improvement in productivity over 150%.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Obiajulu, Oyebode Abubakar, H. Igbadun, H. Ismail
Improving water productivity through deficit irrigation has become a major goal for sustainable agriculture amidst global decline in water availability. The study evaluated the yield, crop water use and water productivities of field-grown drip-irrigated tomato in response to regulated deficit irrigation, and subsequent simulation under different deficit and irrigation method scenarios, using AquaCrop model, in Afaka, Nigeria. The field experiment, laid in randomized complete block design, comprised three deficit irrigation levels (80, 60 and 40% of reference evapotranspiration, ETo) imposed at the vegetative, flowering and maturity growth stages, with 100% ETo at the three crop growth stages as the control. The highest fresh fruit yield (19.0 t/ha) was obtained irrigating with 100% ETo value at all growth stages but the highest water productivity of fresh fruit (4.94 kg/m3 ) was obtained irrigating with 60% ETo at maturity stage, then full irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages. On fruit dry yield basis, the highest simulated crop water productivity (0.46 kg/m3 ) for the deficit scenarios was obtained irrigating with 80% ETo at all the three growth stages, having the highest fruit dry yield (1.67 t/ha) and the lowest seasonal water applied (447 mm). Under the scenarios of irrigation methods (drip, basin and furrow), the fruit dry yield was similar in each treatment, but water productivity was highest (0.53 kg/m3 ) under drip irrigation system. Irrigating with 80% ETo at all the entire crop growth cycle of UC 82B tomato is recommended for the highest crop water productivity.
{"title":"Prediction of tomato yield and water productivity under deficit irrigation scenarios using AquaCrop model in Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria","authors":"O. Obiajulu, Oyebode Abubakar, H. Igbadun, H. Ismail","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301066o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301066o","url":null,"abstract":"Improving water productivity through deficit irrigation has become a major goal for sustainable agriculture amidst global decline in water availability. The study evaluated the yield, crop water use and water productivities of field-grown drip-irrigated tomato in response to regulated deficit irrigation, and subsequent simulation under different deficit and irrigation method scenarios, using AquaCrop model, in Afaka, Nigeria. The field experiment, laid in randomized complete block design, comprised three deficit irrigation levels (80, 60 and 40% of reference evapotranspiration, ETo) imposed at the vegetative, flowering and maturity growth stages, with 100% ETo at the three crop growth stages as the control. The highest fresh fruit yield (19.0 t/ha) was obtained irrigating with 100% ETo value at all growth stages but the highest water productivity of fresh fruit (4.94 kg/m3 ) was obtained irrigating with 60% ETo at maturity stage, then full irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages. On fruit dry yield basis, the highest simulated crop water productivity (0.46 kg/m3 ) for the deficit scenarios was obtained irrigating with 80% ETo at all the three growth stages, having the highest fruit dry yield (1.67 t/ha) and the lowest seasonal water applied (447 mm). Under the scenarios of irrigation methods (drip, basin and furrow), the fruit dry yield was similar in each treatment, but water productivity was highest (0.53 kg/m3 ) under drip irrigation system. Irrigating with 80% ETo at all the entire crop growth cycle of UC 82B tomato is recommended for the highest crop water productivity.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126194574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Assian, J. Okoko, F. Alonge, Unwana Udoumoh, P. Ehiomogue
Increasing threat insecurity of food production in Nigeria is perceived in almost all parts and areas of the national food production. Food insecurity seems to be a global challenge that has a lot to do with surge in energy demand, population growth, climate change and competition for land, food and water. The rural settlements are more prone to irregular food supply, malnutrition, and low quality foods, high cost of food items and even widespread lack of food. This has created a serious concern towards national food security. However, the availability of agricultural and food products could mitigate this menace. So, in an attempt to arrest this situation, this paper presents a review of the development of some sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security. In a nutshell, it highlights the overview of oil palm tree, its classification, current and future mechanization, processing of oil palm fruit from the bunch to crude palm kernel oil extraction and other by-products, application of the products; and production capacity of palm oil from 2010 to 2020 in Nigeria. Besides, nutritional composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil, rationale for the use of oil palm and its derivatives in the development of sustainable food and allied products are also discussed. Furthermore, concept of sustainable palm oil, some food products made from palm oil and its functional attributes; and the development of some selected food products with palm oil as one of the major ingredients are also highlighted.
{"title":"Development of sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security: A review","authors":"U. Assian, J. Okoko, F. Alonge, Unwana Udoumoh, P. Ehiomogue","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201015a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201015a","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing threat insecurity of food production in Nigeria is perceived in almost all parts and areas of the national food production. Food insecurity seems to be a global challenge that has a lot to do with surge in energy demand, population growth, climate change and competition for land, food and water. The rural settlements are more prone to irregular food supply, malnutrition, and low quality foods, high cost of food items and even widespread lack of food. This has created a serious concern towards national food security. However, the availability of agricultural and food products could mitigate this menace. So, in an attempt to arrest this situation, this paper presents a review of the development of some sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security. In a nutshell, it highlights the overview of oil palm tree, its classification, current and future mechanization, processing of oil palm fruit from the bunch to crude palm kernel oil extraction and other by-products, application of the products; and production capacity of palm oil from 2010 to 2020 in Nigeria. Besides, nutritional composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil, rationale for the use of oil palm and its derivatives in the development of sustainable food and allied products are also discussed. Furthermore, concept of sustainable palm oil, some food products made from palm oil and its functional attributes; and the development of some selected food products with palm oil as one of the major ingredients are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126780986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eberendu Obioha, Adisa Folami, A. Aderinlewo, S. Kuye, W. Asiru
Conducted using two approaches, namely: without process adjustment (Slice thickness ≤ 14 mm, parboiled for 25 minutes, dried at 60 °C) and with process adjustment (Slice thickness ≤ 5 mm, parboiled for 20 minutes, dried at 80 °C). Results revealed eight units of operation for instant pounded Yam flour production. Adjustments in production conditions; thickness of Yam slices, steaming time and drying temperature resulted in less production time with an energy reduction from 86.26 kWh at a cost of ₦2,618.70/day to 28.60 kWh at a cost of ₦ 868.15/day to give 67.00% decrease in energy consumption. The ANOVA showed that process adjustment had a significant (p <0.05) effect on the amount of energy consumed during the processing of instant pounded Yam flour. Thermal processes namely; parboiling and drying were the most energy intensive while washing was the least energy intensive unit operation, thus energy assessment aided in cutting down losses while running an efficient instant pounded Yam flour processing operation.
{"title":"Expending and conserving energy in pounded Yam flour production","authors":"Eberendu Obioha, Adisa Folami, A. Aderinlewo, S. Kuye, W. Asiru","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2202001e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2202001e","url":null,"abstract":"Conducted using two approaches, namely: without process adjustment (Slice thickness ≤ 14 mm, parboiled for 25 minutes, dried at 60 °C) and with process adjustment (Slice thickness ≤ 5 mm, parboiled for 20 minutes, dried at 80 °C). Results revealed eight units of operation for instant pounded Yam flour production. Adjustments in production conditions; thickness of Yam slices, steaming time and drying temperature resulted in less production time with an energy reduction from 86.26 kWh at a cost of ₦2,618.70/day to 28.60 kWh at a cost of ₦ 868.15/day to give 67.00% decrease in energy consumption. The ANOVA showed that process adjustment had a significant (p <0.05) effect on the amount of energy consumed during the processing of instant pounded Yam flour. Thermal processes namely; parboiling and drying were the most energy intensive while washing was the least energy intensive unit operation, thus energy assessment aided in cutting down losses while running an efficient instant pounded Yam flour processing operation.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121753955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ifechukwude Ahuchaogu, Godwin Usoh, R. Daffi, J. Umaña
Land degradation is a major challenge to agriculture in Nigeria. Soil conservation practices have been put in place to reclaim degraded landscapes. The effectiveness of these measures in improving soil properties have not been really studied in Nigeria, particularly in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. This research assessed the effect of soil and water conservation structures (Gabions and Mattresses) in Ikot Akpan ravine on selected soil properties. A total of 12 soil samples were collected from the conserved (plots treated with gabions and mattresses) and non-conserved (plots with no treatment). Soil tests to determine soil properties were done. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics using a general linear model at a=0.05 was used to show significant difference exists between the two landscapes. The results showed that sand (80.84 ± 1.26%, 81.07 ± 1.90%), silt (13.70 ±3.30%, 11.41 ± 2.53%), and pH (6.51 ± 0.26) were positively affected by the conservation structure. However, bulk density (2.33± 0.27g/cc, 2.38 ± 0.16g/cc) and electrical conductivity (00.12 ± 0.02ds/m) were negatively impacted by the conservation structure. Other soil properties such as clay (7.71 ±2.54%, 7.79 ± 1.02%), available phosphorus (30.12 ±4.55mg/kg, 44.81 ± 9.28mg/kg), total nitrogen (0.05 ±0.01%, 0.05±0.02), moisture content (5.48 ±0.96%, 5.68 ± 0.85%), organic carbon (1.97 ± 0.04%, 1.95 ± 0.11%), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (13.85±4.30 cmol/kg, 15.76 ± 2.06 cmol/kg) and exchangeable bases were not affected by the conservation practice. The conservation structure was very effective in controlling soil erosion and reducing soil loss. Soil conservation practices should be encouraged.
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