R. Koprivica, M. Marić, Stefan Zečević, B. Veljković, M. Gavrilović, D. Terzić
In the paper, using the example of "Zlatibor Ecoagrarian", in the machinery ring "Agrotechnical Center", the analysis of the operating costs of mechanization and the calculated service price of plowing (without VAT) are shown, all with the aim of optimal use of existing agricultural machinery and renting. The total cost and price of plowing per working hour (€/h) were calculated based on the fixed ownership and variable operating costs of the Lamborghini Spire 80 Trend tractor (58 kW) and the Kuhn Master 103-3T double-row plow. The annual cost for the tractor was €19,004 and for the plough €1,993. Based on an annual use of the tractor of 400 hours and the plough of 120 hours, the price of the tractor-machine unit for plowing was calculated to be 64.12 €/h. This price for plowing is composed of the cost of the tractor 47.51 €/h or 74.09% and the plough 16.61 €/h or 25.91%. In the calculation structure of the total cost of the tractor, variable costs account for 61.08%, fixed costs account for 23.88%, workers' wages account for 6.54%, and profit margin accounts for 8.50%. The fixed cost of the plough accounts for 85.07% of the total cost and the variable 14.93%, excluding the cost of fuel, lubricants, wages and profit margin, as they are already included in the variable cost of the tractor. The paper presents one of the ways to calculate the operating costs of a tractor-machine unit in basic tillage. On this basis, farmers can rationally decide whether it is more profitable for them to buy a new tractor and plough or to use other farmers' plowing services and machinery rings.
{"title":"Determination of the service price for plowing Based on the cost of mechanization","authors":"R. Koprivica, M. Marić, Stefan Zečević, B. Veljković, M. Gavrilović, D. Terzić","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301056k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301056k","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, using the example of \"Zlatibor Ecoagrarian\", in the machinery ring \"Agrotechnical Center\", the analysis of the operating costs of mechanization and the calculated service price of plowing (without VAT) are shown, all with the aim of optimal use of existing agricultural machinery and renting. The total cost and price of plowing per working hour (€/h) were calculated based on the fixed ownership and variable operating costs of the Lamborghini Spire 80 Trend tractor (58 kW) and the Kuhn Master 103-3T double-row plow. The annual cost for the tractor was €19,004 and for the plough €1,993. Based on an annual use of the tractor of 400 hours and the plough of 120 hours, the price of the tractor-machine unit for plowing was calculated to be 64.12 €/h. This price for plowing is composed of the cost of the tractor 47.51 €/h or 74.09% and the plough 16.61 €/h or 25.91%. In the calculation structure of the total cost of the tractor, variable costs account for 61.08%, fixed costs account for 23.88%, workers' wages account for 6.54%, and profit margin accounts for 8.50%. The fixed cost of the plough accounts for 85.07% of the total cost and the variable 14.93%, excluding the cost of fuel, lubricants, wages and profit margin, as they are already included in the variable cost of the tractor. The paper presents one of the ways to calculate the operating costs of a tractor-machine unit in basic tillage. On this basis, farmers can rationally decide whether it is more profitable for them to buy a new tractor and plough or to use other farmers' plowing services and machinery rings.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In crop production, a healthy water balance is essential for high quality yields. Under-watered crops suffer from nutrient deficiencies while over-watered plants are more susceptible to diseases pressure and can in some cases lead to root death through suffocation. Also over-watered plants are not able to withstand dry spells during dry season. The aim of this paper is to use control engineering principles and concepts to provide a microcontroller based irrigation system. The system helps in saving money and water and at the same time increasing crops production. The automated irrigation system is controlled using ATmega328 microcontroller based on Arduino platform. The system is programmed via the microcontroller to give interrupt signal to the irrigation system (drip, sprinkler, ditch etc.) depending on the soil moisture levels. The soil moisture/humidity levels are checked using soil moisture sensor. Whenever there is a change in moisture/humidity in the soil, this sensor senses the change and gives an interrupt signal to the micro-controller and thus the watering system is activated or deactivated.
{"title":"Irrigation system based on Arduino uno microcontroller","authors":"M. Abdulhamid, K. Njoroge","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2002067a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2002067a","url":null,"abstract":": In crop production, a healthy water balance is essential for high quality yields. Under-watered crops suffer from nutrient deficiencies while over-watered plants are more susceptible to diseases pressure and can in some cases lead to root death through suffocation. Also over-watered plants are not able to withstand dry spells during dry season. The aim of this paper is to use control engineering principles and concepts to provide a microcontroller based irrigation system. The system helps in saving money and water and at the same time increasing crops production. The automated irrigation system is controlled using ATmega328 microcontroller based on Arduino platform. The system is programmed via the microcontroller to give interrupt signal to the irrigation system (drip, sprinkler, ditch etc.) depending on the soil moisture levels. The soil moisture/humidity levels are checked using soil moisture sensor. Whenever there is a change in moisture/humidity in the soil, this sensor senses the change and gives an interrupt signal to the micro-controller and thus the watering system is activated or deactivated.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125330580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring the formation of total income and total costs is of great importance for the practical operation of a large number of agricultural enterprises. The actual improvement of business decision-making in agricultural enterprises can be connected with the introduced forms of internal control mechanisms in the processes of regular business in agricultural enterprises. This was the basis of the research in this study. For the purposes of this study, the authors performed two two-way ANOVA analyses, one for the purpose of obtaining real data on the movement of income, and the other for determining the results of the operations of agricultural enterprises in relation to the occurrence of total operating costs in the business period of one business year. In both cases, we obtained results indicating that the formation of income and expenses indicates the existence of significance at the level of p<0.05, for large and small agricultural enterprises and established forms of internal control mechanisms. In addition, the authors found that the highest total revenues, regardless of whether they are large or medium-sized enterprises, are achieved when internal control is implemented as a form of internal control mechanism, and the lowest revenues are achieved by large and medium-sized enterprises when internal audit is implemented as a form of internal control. Regarding costs, the results indicate that there is a statistically significant influence of one of the three forms of implemented control mechanisms on the occurrence of costs, while there is no influence of the size of the agricultural enterprise on the realization of costs in business.
{"title":"The importance of monitoring the realization of income and costs in the management and business of agricultural enterprises in relation to the introduced forms of internal-control mechanisms","authors":"B. Bjelica, O. Bakmaz, Dragan Vukasović","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2302045b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2302045b","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the formation of total income and total costs is of great importance for the practical operation of a large number of agricultural enterprises. The actual improvement of business decision-making in agricultural enterprises can be connected with the introduced forms of internal control mechanisms in the processes of regular business in agricultural enterprises. This was the basis of the research in this study. For the purposes of this study, the authors performed two two-way ANOVA analyses, one for the purpose of obtaining real data on the movement of income, and the other for determining the results of the operations of agricultural enterprises in relation to the occurrence of total operating costs in the business period of one business year. In both cases, we obtained results indicating that the formation of income and expenses indicates the existence of significance at the level of p<0.05, for large and small agricultural enterprises and established forms of internal control mechanisms. In addition, the authors found that the highest total revenues, regardless of whether they are large or medium-sized enterprises, are achieved when internal control is implemented as a form of internal control mechanism, and the lowest revenues are achieved by large and medium-sized enterprises when internal audit is implemented as a form of internal control. Regarding costs, the results indicate that there is a statistically significant influence of one of the three forms of implemented control mechanisms on the occurrence of costs, while there is no influence of the size of the agricultural enterprise on the realization of costs in business.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121129156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greenhouses simulate the "desired" environment for successful growth and development of plants. They, by design, achieve this desired environment by supplying the necessary climatic inputs needed by the plants to strive and at the same time exclude factors impeding the growth of plants, hence it is called a controlled environment. One of the common and most desired attribute of the greenhouse is its ability to provide effective cooling to the plants. This paper reviewed, extensively, the concept of evaporative cooling as applied in greenhouses. Factors like Vapor Pressure deficit (VPD), Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature were also discussed with regards to its effects on the efficiency of the evaporative cooling system. The efficiencies of the Fan and Pad System and the Fog systems were reviewed and compared with their consequent dependence on factors like nozzle spacing, nozzle length, saturation efficiency of pad material etc. The Natural Ventilation method was also reviewed as a "stand alone " greenhouse cooling method and as an augmentation to other cooling systems. Factors like rate of air exchange, total area of vents, wind speed, vent opening angles etc. were also discussed in line with their effects on the effectiveness of the Natural ventilation method. The Nigerian Perspective on Greenhouses and its Cooling methods was also discussed with reference to local development of evaporative coolers as well as its importation, its affordability, management, availability and appliance to the Nigerian farming culture.
{"title":"A review of common natural ventilation and evaporative cooling systems for Greenhouses and the Nigerian reality","authors":"C. Ikechukwu-Edeh, M. Ndukwu, I. Ahaneku","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2103001i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103001i","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouses simulate the \"desired\" environment for successful growth and development of plants. They, by design, achieve this desired environment by supplying the necessary climatic inputs needed by the plants to strive and at the same time exclude factors impeding the growth of plants, hence it is called a controlled environment. One of the common and most desired attribute of the greenhouse is its ability to provide effective cooling to the plants. This paper reviewed, extensively, the concept of evaporative cooling as applied in greenhouses. Factors like Vapor Pressure deficit (VPD), Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature were also discussed with regards to its effects on the efficiency of the evaporative cooling system. The efficiencies of the Fan and Pad System and the Fog systems were reviewed and compared with their consequent dependence on factors like nozzle spacing, nozzle length, saturation efficiency of pad material etc. The Natural Ventilation method was also reviewed as a \"stand alone \" greenhouse cooling method and as an augmentation to other cooling systems. Factors like rate of air exchange, total area of vents, wind speed, vent opening angles etc. were also discussed in line with their effects on the effectiveness of the Natural ventilation method. The Nigerian Perspective on Greenhouses and its Cooling methods was also discussed with reference to local development of evaporative coolers as well as its importation, its affordability, management, availability and appliance to the Nigerian farming culture.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126325993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was performed energy analysis of mechanized rice production for two rice cultivars under a region, named Çanakkale, in West Turkey. The indicators are energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy. The cultivars of rice commonly grown in the region are listed in two groups: native and high yield hybrid. Primary data were obtained through field survey with farmer's interviews face to face with a questionnaire in Biga, Ezine and centre districts, commonly rice cultivation areas in the region. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2020-2021. Analysis of data showed that averagely diesel had the highest share within the total energy inputs as 46.46% and 45.72% for native and hybrid, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizers with 24.19%, and 23.80%, especially nitrogen. Water input was the third highest share with 11.29% and 11.60% for native and hybrid, respectively. Machinery input had fourth share in total, but it showed similar percentage with around 8.00% in both cultivars because of receiving similar machinery operations. Another high input was pesticides with around 4.00% because herbicides using is very high, especially for annual and perennial sedges and broadleaf weeds. Labour is the optimum level because of cultivation practices are usually performed by mechanical power. Net energy was found higher in hybrid cultivar with 101.41MJ ha-1 due to higher grain and straw yield than native with 84.01 MJ ha-1 . The energy use efficiency and energy productivity of nature cultivar were 2.3 and 0.12 kg∙MJ-1 , respectively, corresponding to increases of 2.5 and 0.13 kg∙MJ-1 in hybrid. With appropriate agronomic measures in rice production in the study area, higher yield of hybrid cultivar would necessarily lead to an increase in energy productivity and gain.
{"title":"A comparative study on energy use of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars under mechanized cropping systems in West of Turkey","authors":"Sakine Ozpinar","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2203023o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203023o","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed energy analysis of mechanized rice production for two rice cultivars under a region, named Çanakkale, in West Turkey. The indicators are energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy. The cultivars of rice commonly grown in the region are listed in two groups: native and high yield hybrid. Primary data were obtained through field survey with farmer's interviews face to face with a questionnaire in Biga, Ezine and centre districts, commonly rice cultivation areas in the region. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2020-2021. Analysis of data showed that averagely diesel had the highest share within the total energy inputs as 46.46% and 45.72% for native and hybrid, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizers with 24.19%, and 23.80%, especially nitrogen. Water input was the third highest share with 11.29% and 11.60% for native and hybrid, respectively. Machinery input had fourth share in total, but it showed similar percentage with around 8.00% in both cultivars because of receiving similar machinery operations. Another high input was pesticides with around 4.00% because herbicides using is very high, especially for annual and perennial sedges and broadleaf weeds. Labour is the optimum level because of cultivation practices are usually performed by mechanical power. Net energy was found higher in hybrid cultivar with 101.41MJ ha-1 due to higher grain and straw yield than native with 84.01 MJ ha-1 . The energy use efficiency and energy productivity of nature cultivar were 2.3 and 0.12 kg∙MJ-1 , respectively, corresponding to increases of 2.5 and 0.13 kg∙MJ-1 in hybrid. With appropriate agronomic measures in rice production in the study area, higher yield of hybrid cultivar would necessarily lead to an increase in energy productivity and gain.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130268621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Popović, Veljko Stojanović, Slavko D. Karic, Branimir Miletić, Vladimir Nikolić, Milica Marčeta-Kaninski
Utilization of fossil fuels significantly worsens the problems of global warming due to the emission of carbon dioxide and other gases with the greenhouse effect. Agricultural machinery with diesel engines has its own negative contribution to this emission of harmful gases, because tractors are not only used as working and traction machines, but also on roads for transporting goods and people. In this work, the emission of harmful gases was measured in simulated operating conditions (laboratory) of used tractors IMT 539 and IMT 542, as the most typical representatives of tractors with engine power up to 50 kW in Republic of Serbia. Determination of the amount of emitted gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) was performed using the technique of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) with a flow gas cell. In this way, the parameters of diesel fuel consumption, operating mode and emission of harmful gases were correlated in simulated working conditions specific to this type of tractor. The test results clearly indicate the dependence of increased CO2, CO, NOx and HC emissions on the tractor's operating mode.
{"title":"Determination of the greenhouse gases emission form of used tractors in laboratory conditions","authors":"P. Popović, Veljko Stojanović, Slavko D. Karic, Branimir Miletić, Vladimir Nikolić, Milica Marčeta-Kaninski","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2302025p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2302025p","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of fossil fuels significantly worsens the problems of global warming due to the emission of carbon dioxide and other gases with the greenhouse effect. Agricultural machinery with diesel engines has its own negative contribution to this emission of harmful gases, because tractors are not only used as working and traction machines, but also on roads for transporting goods and people. In this work, the emission of harmful gases was measured in simulated operating conditions (laboratory) of used tractors IMT 539 and IMT 542, as the most typical representatives of tractors with engine power up to 50 kW in Republic of Serbia. Determination of the amount of emitted gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) was performed using the technique of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) with a flow gas cell. In this way, the parameters of diesel fuel consumption, operating mode and emission of harmful gases were correlated in simulated working conditions specific to this type of tractor. The test results clearly indicate the dependence of increased CO2, CO, NOx and HC emissions on the tractor's operating mode.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Abdumuminova, I. Kravchenko, Yury Kuznetsov, V. Goncharenko, Y. Mikhaylova
The studies have established that the yield of winter wheat variety "Chillyaki" on an area of 5 hectares averaged 5.5 t/ha, corn-2.89 t/ha, mung-2.08 t/ha, potatoes-0.59 t/ha, melon-9.74 t/ha, rice-4.36 t/ha, marks-14.64 t/ha. The total profit from the sale of wheat is 423.750,00 UZS, and the net profit is 254.250,00 UZS, 129.000,00 UZS were spent per hectare of re-crops cultivation. The largest net profit comes from rice cultivation after wheat harvest, followed by corn and mung bean, and melon comes the third one, raw cotton is in the last place.
{"title":"Development of an algorithm for productive use of the irrigated land","authors":"D. Abdumuminova, I. Kravchenko, Yury Kuznetsov, V. Goncharenko, Y. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2102067a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2102067a","url":null,"abstract":"The studies have established that the yield of winter wheat variety \"Chillyaki\" on an area of 5 hectares averaged 5.5 t/ha, corn-2.89 t/ha, mung-2.08 t/ha, potatoes-0.59 t/ha, melon-9.74 t/ha, rice-4.36 t/ha, marks-14.64 t/ha. The total profit from the sale of wheat is 423.750,00 UZS, and the net profit is 254.250,00 UZS, 129.000,00 UZS were spent per hectare of re-crops cultivation. The largest net profit comes from rice cultivation after wheat harvest, followed by corn and mung bean, and melon comes the third one, raw cotton is in the last place.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124834711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taro Cocoyam is prone to attack by rodents, insect pests and environmental elements. After drying, it is stored to evade wastage. In an effort to efficiently develop storage system, fundamental physical parameter such as volume of the fresh cocoyam with respect to its axial dimensions should be well expressed and modelled for easy estimation. In this study, fresh Taro Cocoyam samples were sourced, cleaned and packaged. Ten unpeeled samples were used in determining initial moisture content (% w.b). The axial dimensions of fifty unpeeled samples were measured and used to compute arithmetic mean diameter (DA). Corresponding true volume (VT) was found using water displacement approach. The bulk samples were grouped based on DA, into seven (7) size ranges. Mean and standard deviation of each parameter were computed. The model was established, verified and validated. Statistical analysis showed that the value of coefficient of determination (R2 ) was almost equals correlation coefficient (r ≈ 1). The values of reduced Chi-square (chc 2 ), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were not that high. The values of coefficient of residual mass (CRM) and modelling efficiency (EF) were almost perfect. Therefore, the model established is practically good for estimating volume of Taro Cocoyam which could find application in the design of feed hopper and storage system.
{"title":"Practical model for estimating Taro Cocoyam volume based on its axial dimensions","authors":"U. Assian, P. Tosin","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2204058a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2204058a","url":null,"abstract":"Taro Cocoyam is prone to attack by rodents, insect pests and environmental elements. After drying, it is stored to evade wastage. In an effort to efficiently develop storage system, fundamental physical parameter such as volume of the fresh cocoyam with respect to its axial dimensions should be well expressed and modelled for easy estimation. In this study, fresh Taro Cocoyam samples were sourced, cleaned and packaged. Ten unpeeled samples were used in determining initial moisture content (% w.b). The axial dimensions of fifty unpeeled samples were measured and used to compute arithmetic mean diameter (DA). Corresponding true volume (VT) was found using water displacement approach. The bulk samples were grouped based on DA, into seven (7) size ranges. Mean and standard deviation of each parameter were computed. The model was established, verified and validated. Statistical analysis showed that the value of coefficient of determination (R2 ) was almost equals correlation coefficient (r ≈ 1). The values of reduced Chi-square (chc 2 ), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were not that high. The values of coefficient of residual mass (CRM) and modelling efficiency (EF) were almost perfect. Therefore, the model established is practically good for estimating volume of Taro Cocoyam which could find application in the design of feed hopper and storage system.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper describes the development of a moisture-measuring instrument suitable for large grains. The paper seeks to do the measurement based on the propagation of microwaves through materials of different moisture levels. The principle of operation here is sending an equally divided signal through both arms of the bridge and comparing the output signals’ properties to determine the moisture content of the grains. The design of the bridge using waveguide and coax technology is presented.
{"title":"Measurement bridge for large grain moisture content determination","authors":"M. Al-Rawi","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2002079a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2002079a","url":null,"abstract":": This paper describes the development of a moisture-measuring instrument suitable for large grains. The paper seeks to do the measurement based on the propagation of microwaves through materials of different moisture levels. The principle of operation here is sending an equally divided signal through both arms of the bridge and comparing the output signals’ properties to determine the moisture content of the grains. The design of the bridge using waveguide and coax technology is presented.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lakota, D. Stajnko, P. Vindiš, P. Berk, D. Kelc, J. Rakun
Summary. The fourth industrial revolution, which has begun couple of years ago, covers not only "smart" and interconnected machines and systems. It also coincides with further discoveries in various areas, from determining the genome sequence to nanotechnology and from renewable sources to quantum computing. The correlation between these technologies and their interaction in the physical, digital and biological field is what makes the fourth industrial revolution significantly different from the previous ones. The events should be faster, more extensive and radical, which will require the transformation of entire systems through (and within) countries, businesses, industries and society as a whole. We are already talking about switching from financing innovative projects to Comprehensive Innovation Ecosystems (AKIS). The paper describes some important research work from the field of automatization and digitalization of Slovenian agriculture.
{"title":"Automatization and digitalization in agriculture","authors":"M. Lakota, D. Stajnko, P. Vindiš, P. Berk, D. Kelc, J. Rakun","doi":"10.5937/POLJTEH1902013L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/POLJTEH1902013L","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The fourth industrial revolution, which has begun couple of years ago, covers not only \"smart\" and interconnected machines and systems. It also coincides with further discoveries in various areas, from determining the genome sequence to nanotechnology and from renewable sources to quantum computing. The correlation between these technologies and their interaction in the physical, digital and biological field is what makes the fourth industrial revolution significantly different from the previous ones. The events should be faster, more extensive and radical, which will require the transformation of entire systems through (and within) countries, businesses, industries and society as a whole. We are already talking about switching from financing innovative projects to Comprehensive Innovation Ecosystems (AKIS). The paper describes some important research work from the field of automatization and digitalization of Slovenian agriculture.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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