Namdev Kumar Sharad, R. Pateriya, Jagdish Manikrao
Rotary tillers implements are now projected as important tillage machinery for better seedbed preparation; however the ordinary rotavator being in line with the tractor center line at the rear cannot be used in orchards due to the hindrance posed due to narrow space between the plants. Therefore, the concept of a rotary offset tiller in other words orchard tillers was proposed, which could perform finer intercultural operation between the plants. Since there are some models of Indians and Foreign made rotary offset tiller available and their work quality parameter significantly plays a crucial role in selection of efficient, effective and appropriate machine for orchards. Therefore, present study is carried out with a purpose of selection of suitable and efficient orchard tillers on the basis of intercultural work quality parameters. The various intercultural machines like Rineri offset tiller, Saktiman offset tiller and Side shift tiller selected for this study and finally, orchard tillers were analysed for intercultural work quality for their suitability in Pant Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The work quality assessments concluded that side shift tiller was supposed to be best among all other type of intercultural machines because of less fuel consumption 3.5 l/h, less mean weight diameter 42 mm, higher actual field capacity 0.47 and high field performance index 86 %. Therefore, side shift tiller can be recommended to farmers and found to be suitable for intercultural operation in Pant Tarai region.
{"title":"Developments of orchard tillers and their assessment of intercultural work quality for suitably in Tarai region of Pantnagar","authors":"Namdev Kumar Sharad, R. Pateriya, Jagdish Manikrao","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2102028k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2102028k","url":null,"abstract":"Rotary tillers implements are now projected as important tillage machinery for better seedbed preparation; however the ordinary rotavator being in line with the tractor center line at the rear cannot be used in orchards due to the hindrance posed due to narrow space between the plants. Therefore, the concept of a rotary offset tiller in other words orchard tillers was proposed, which could perform finer intercultural operation between the plants. Since there are some models of Indians and Foreign made rotary offset tiller available and their work quality parameter significantly plays a crucial role in selection of efficient, effective and appropriate machine for orchards. Therefore, present study is carried out with a purpose of selection of suitable and efficient orchard tillers on the basis of intercultural work quality parameters. The various intercultural machines like Rineri offset tiller, Saktiman offset tiller and Side shift tiller selected for this study and finally, orchard tillers were analysed for intercultural work quality for their suitability in Pant Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The work quality assessments concluded that side shift tiller was supposed to be best among all other type of intercultural machines because of less fuel consumption 3.5 l/h, less mean weight diameter 42 mm, higher actual field capacity 0.47 and high field performance index 86 %. Therefore, side shift tiller can be recommended to farmers and found to be suitable for intercultural operation in Pant Tarai region.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131753093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, corn stalk/polyester composites were prepared using molding techniques at several percentage filler loadings per weight and the physiomechanical properties were studied. The composite showed moderate improvement in tensile strength 13.582MPa for 3% corn stalk which was the highest. The composite also reported the highest values for impact strength 744.90(J/m2 ) and flexural strength 23.947MPa, respectively for filler loading of 3% corn stalk and 93% polyester and 2% corn stalk and 98% polyester composite samples. The significant strengths recorded can be attributed to the good surface intermingling bonding between the corn stalk fillers and the polyester matrix. The study also revealed that, density of the composites decreased with increase in filler loading and the density dropped from 0.116 g/cm3 to 0.108g/cm3 . The composites recorded increase in water uptake with increasing filler loading. The results showed that the highest water absorption rate was at 5% corn stalk loading which had maximum water absorption of 4.55% by the composite samples. The physiomechanical properties of the composites indicate that it can be useful in applications which require moderate strengths. These composites could be considered as a potential way of utilizing agricultural waste materials and as sustainable resources for manufacturing of structural materials such as particle board, partitioning panels, ceiling boards thereby reducing the amount of agricultural wastes and eliminating the pollution caused by burning of corn stalk waste.
{"title":"Evaluation of the physico-mechanical properties of polyester/corn stalk composite","authors":"O. Anozie, N. Ifeanyi","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2203009o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203009o","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, corn stalk/polyester composites were prepared using molding techniques at several percentage filler loadings per weight and the physiomechanical properties were studied. The composite showed moderate improvement in tensile strength 13.582MPa for 3% corn stalk which was the highest. The composite also reported the highest values for impact strength 744.90(J/m2 ) and flexural strength 23.947MPa, respectively for filler loading of 3% corn stalk and 93% polyester and 2% corn stalk and 98% polyester composite samples. The significant strengths recorded can be attributed to the good surface intermingling bonding between the corn stalk fillers and the polyester matrix. The study also revealed that, density of the composites decreased with increase in filler loading and the density dropped from 0.116 g/cm3 to 0.108g/cm3 . The composites recorded increase in water uptake with increasing filler loading. The results showed that the highest water absorption rate was at 5% corn stalk loading which had maximum water absorption of 4.55% by the composite samples. The physiomechanical properties of the composites indicate that it can be useful in applications which require moderate strengths. These composites could be considered as a potential way of utilizing agricultural waste materials and as sustainable resources for manufacturing of structural materials such as particle board, partitioning panels, ceiling boards thereby reducing the amount of agricultural wastes and eliminating the pollution caused by burning of corn stalk waste.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133787281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragana Petrović, Vjekoslav Tadić, V. Cerović, R. Radojević
Efficient transmission of energy from arbitrary types of primary sources and/or energy converters towaward appropriate control units and/or consumers can be a more or less complex process. In analogue to other existing branches of modern technology, energy transfer in agricultural machinery needs to be carried out very carefully, applying optimized technical solutions in each specified case. This factcts, (among many other problems) implies energy transmission that is technically, technologically, economically and environmentally aligned with the often difficult to predict dynamic needs of system components and the end user, with acceptable losses -at least in a wide range of possible environments defined by various possible conditions. This paper is the first upgrade of the series dedicated to the symbolic graphic representation of hydraulic system components according to valid technical standards. In this sense, the text presents and functionally describes only some of the much larger set of typical examples of hydraulic energy transmission and associated control functions in modern agricultural technology.
{"title":"Symbolic representation of hydraulic aggregates and systems","authors":"Dragana Petrović, Vjekoslav Tadić, V. Cerović, R. Radojević","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2102076p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2102076p","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient transmission of energy from arbitrary types of primary sources and/or energy converters towaward appropriate control units and/or consumers can be a more or less complex process. In analogue to other existing branches of modern technology, energy transfer in agricultural machinery needs to be carried out very carefully, applying optimized technical solutions in each specified case. This factcts, (among many other problems) implies energy transmission that is technically, technologically, economically and environmentally aligned with the often difficult to predict dynamic needs of system components and the end user, with acceptable losses -at least in a wide range of possible environments defined by various possible conditions. This paper is the first upgrade of the series dedicated to the symbolic graphic representation of hydraulic system components according to valid technical standards. In this sense, the text presents and functionally describes only some of the much larger set of typical examples of hydraulic energy transmission and associated control functions in modern agricultural technology.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130932653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landsat-TM of 2001 covering Iceland (15.5°W-21°W, 64.5°N-67°N) was processed using SAGA GIS for testing distance-based Vegetation Indices (VIs): four approaches of Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) and two approaches of Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSAVI. The PVI of vegetation from the soil background line indicated healthiness as a leaf area index (LAI). The results showed that the reflectance for vegetation has a linear relation with soil background line. Four PVI models and two TSAVI shown coefficients of determination with LAI. The dataset demonstrate variations in the calculated coefficients. The mode in the histograms of the PVI based on four different algorithms show the difference:-7.1,-8.36, 2.78 and 7.0. The dataset for the two approaches of TSAVI: first case ranges in 4.4.-80.6 with a bell-shape mode of a histogram (8.09 to 23.29) for the first algorithm and an irregular shape for the second algorithm with several modes starting from 0.11 to 0.2 and decreasing to 0.26. SAGA GIS permits the calculation of PVI and TSAVI by computed NDVI based on the intersection of vegetation and soil background. Masking the NIR and R, a linear regression of grids was performed using an equation embedded in SAGA GIS. The advantages of the distance-based PVI and TSAVI consists in the adjusted position of pixels on the soil brightness line which refines it comparing to the slope-based VIs. The paper demonstrates SAGA GIS application in agricultural studies.
{"title":"Distance-based vegetation indices computed by SAGA GIS: A comparison of the perpendicular and transformed soil adjusted approaches for the LANDSAT TM image","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2103049l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103049l","url":null,"abstract":"Landsat-TM of 2001 covering Iceland (15.5°W-21°W, 64.5°N-67°N) was processed using SAGA GIS for testing distance-based Vegetation Indices (VIs): four approaches of Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) and two approaches of Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSAVI. The PVI of vegetation from the soil background line indicated healthiness as a leaf area index (LAI). The results showed that the reflectance for vegetation has a linear relation with soil background line. Four PVI models and two TSAVI shown coefficients of determination with LAI. The dataset demonstrate variations in the calculated coefficients. The mode in the histograms of the PVI based on four different algorithms show the difference:-7.1,-8.36, 2.78 and 7.0. The dataset for the two approaches of TSAVI: first case ranges in 4.4.-80.6 with a bell-shape mode of a histogram (8.09 to 23.29) for the first algorithm and an irregular shape for the second algorithm with several modes starting from 0.11 to 0.2 and decreasing to 0.26. SAGA GIS permits the calculation of PVI and TSAVI by computed NDVI based on the intersection of vegetation and soil background. Masking the NIR and R, a linear regression of grids was performed using an equation embedded in SAGA GIS. The advantages of the distance-based PVI and TSAVI consists in the adjusted position of pixels on the soil brightness line which refines it comparing to the slope-based VIs. The paper demonstrates SAGA GIS application in agricultural studies.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132332092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irish potato (Solanum Tuberosum) is a nutritive diet in the food chain supply of the Nigerian populace. Apart from the agronomic practices and production level in the country, limited data that exist on engineering properties of the adapted varieties are either scanty or non-existent in print form. Three locally varieties namely Nicola, Bartita and Bawondoya were investigated for some physical and frictional properties using standard laboratory procedures and equipment. The measured parameters are data resource for indigenous processors and machinery and equipment fabricators. The data obtained were subjected to simple descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel package for computing the mean, range and the standard deviation. The mean, standard deviation and range values for axial diameters (major, intermediate and minor), geometry diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, mass, volume, density and surface area in varietal order of 'Nicola', 'Bartita' and 'Bawondoya' are (43.61±3.72mm-63.82±7.95mm; 39.41±2.99mm-44.1±2.38mm; 33.41±2.67-5.90±2.87mm); 40.81±1.87mm - 44.02±2.87 mm; 0.70±0.07 - 0.94±0.06; 0.63±0.10 -1.02±0.11; 43.2±4.69g - 52.8±9.9g; 43.3±5.4cm3 - 49.8±10 cm3 ; 1.001±0.057 g/cm3 -1.065±0.076 g/cm3 and from43.30±476.20 mm2 to 6113.63±811.26 mm2 respectively. Bulk density values of 701.43 kg/m3 , 673.30 kg/m3 and 672.86 kg/m3 were obtained in respective order as above. Peel-weight proportion of 2.5%, 2.76% and 1.9% were obtained at 80.6%, 79.4% and 81.4% moisture content (w.b) levels for the sampled weight of Nicola, Bartita and Bawondoya varieties respectively. The frictional parameters results indicate an angle of repose 15⁰ was obtained for both Bartita and Bawondoya varieties while 130 was obtained for Nicola variety. Average values of 0.68, 0.61 and 0.52 were obtained as coefficients of static friction for Bartita, Bawondoya and Nicola varieties respectively.
{"title":"Determination of some engineering properties of Irish potato varieties","authors":"Olagoke Ademola, A. Lawal, Emmanuel Zakka","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2302001a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2302001a","url":null,"abstract":"Irish potato (Solanum Tuberosum) is a nutritive diet in the food chain supply of the Nigerian populace. Apart from the agronomic practices and production level in the country, limited data that exist on engineering properties of the adapted varieties are either scanty or non-existent in print form. Three locally varieties namely Nicola, Bartita and Bawondoya were investigated for some physical and frictional properties using standard laboratory procedures and equipment. The measured parameters are data resource for indigenous processors and machinery and equipment fabricators. The data obtained were subjected to simple descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel package for computing the mean, range and the standard deviation. The mean, standard deviation and range values for axial diameters (major, intermediate and minor), geometry diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, mass, volume, density and surface area in varietal order of 'Nicola', 'Bartita' and 'Bawondoya' are (43.61±3.72mm-63.82±7.95mm; 39.41±2.99mm-44.1±2.38mm; 33.41±2.67-5.90±2.87mm); 40.81±1.87mm - 44.02±2.87 mm; 0.70±0.07 - 0.94±0.06; 0.63±0.10 -1.02±0.11; 43.2±4.69g - 52.8±9.9g; 43.3±5.4cm3 - 49.8±10 cm3 ; 1.001±0.057 g/cm3 -1.065±0.076 g/cm3 and from43.30±476.20 mm2 to 6113.63±811.26 mm2 respectively. Bulk density values of 701.43 kg/m3 , 673.30 kg/m3 and 672.86 kg/m3 were obtained in respective order as above. Peel-weight proportion of 2.5%, 2.76% and 1.9% were obtained at 80.6%, 79.4% and 81.4% moisture content (w.b) levels for the sampled weight of Nicola, Bartita and Bawondoya varieties respectively. The frictional parameters results indicate an angle of repose 15⁰ was obtained for both Bartita and Bawondoya varieties while 130 was obtained for Nicola variety. Average values of 0.68, 0.61 and 0.52 were obtained as coefficients of static friction for Bartita, Bawondoya and Nicola varieties respectively.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130255801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A tractor drawn mulch laying machine was developed in order to integrate the operations and fix the anomalies in terms of labour associated with conventional mulch laying operations. The prototype integrates the operations of bed making, drip line laying, mulch laying, mulch covering and punching hole on mulch in one pass. The developed prototype was evaluated at three-levels of forward speed (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 kmh-1 ), two-levels of bed width (76.2, 91.4 cm) and two-levels of dibbling hole spacing (15.2, 20.3 cm). The results of evaluation experiment for the developed machine showed that the draft requirement decreased with the increase in forward speed (3.0 to 7.0 kmh-1 ), bed width (76.2 to 91.4 cm) and dibbling hole spacing (15.2 to 20.3 cm). Field efficiency increased with increase in forward speed, bed width and spacing of dibbling holes. Although at low speed (3.0 kmh-1 ), the actual field capacity and field efficiency decreased about 57% and 5.0%, respectively while draft increased about 36 %, compared to the speed of 7.0 kmh-1 . However, at a speed of 3.0 kmh-1 , the mulch damage, un-covered mulch percentage and missing of dibbling hole decreased about 65%, 64% and 7.0 %, respectively. The standardized value of draft requirement, effective filed capacity and field efficiency were observed as 63.27 kp, 0.40 ha.h-1 and 72.7% while as percentage uncovered mulch, percentage mulch damage and percentage missing number of holes were as 3.1 %, 3.4%, 6.25%, respectively. The man-hour requirement and cost of mulching operation with developed machine reduced about 97 % and 75 % as compared to conventional method of mulch laying. Therefore, the study recommends using the developed machine to install a raised-bed, laying of plastic mulch and drip irrigation pipes on the bed and making dibbling hole for vegetable seedling transplanting at a speed of 3 kmh-1 achieved the better efficiency.
拖拉机牵引的地膜铺设机是为了整合操作和解决与传统地膜铺设操作相关的劳动力方面的异常而开发的。该样机将铺床、铺设滴管、铺设地膜、覆盖地膜、在地膜上打孔等工序一次完成。在前进速度(3.0、5.0、7.0 km -1)、床层宽度(76.2、91.4 cm)和钻穴间距(15.2、20.3 cm) 3个水平下对样机进行评价。评价试验结果表明，随着掘进速度(3.0 ~ 7.0 km -1)、掘进床宽度(76.2 ~ 91.4 cm)和掘进孔间距(15.2 ~ 20.3 cm)的增大，掘进吃水要求有所降低。田间效率随钻孔前进速度、床层宽度和间距的增大而增大。在低速(3.0 km -1)下，与7.0 km -1相比，实际田间容量和田间效率分别下降了57%和5.0%，吃水增加了36%左右。而在3.0 km -1的速度下，覆盖损伤、未覆盖率和漏穴率分别降低了65%、64%和7.0%。需水量、有效田间容量和田间效率的标准化值分别为63.27 kp、0.40 ha.h-1和72.7%，覆盖率、覆盖损伤率和缺孔数的标准化值分别为3.1%、3.4%和6.25%。与传统的地膜铺设方法相比，使用该机器进行地膜作业的工时和成本分别降低了97%和75%。因此，本研究建议采用所研制的机器设置高架苗床，在苗床上铺设地膜和滴灌管道，并以3 km -1的速度打孔插秧，效果较好。
{"title":"Integrated plastic mulch laying machine: A viable technology for sustainable agricultural production","authors":"Shoaib Amin, Jagvir Dixit, M. Muzamil","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201066s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201066s","url":null,"abstract":"A tractor drawn mulch laying machine was developed in order to integrate the operations and fix the anomalies in terms of labour associated with conventional mulch laying operations. The prototype integrates the operations of bed making, drip line laying, mulch laying, mulch covering and punching hole on mulch in one pass. The developed prototype was evaluated at three-levels of forward speed (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 kmh-1 ), two-levels of bed width (76.2, 91.4 cm) and two-levels of dibbling hole spacing (15.2, 20.3 cm). The results of evaluation experiment for the developed machine showed that the draft requirement decreased with the increase in forward speed (3.0 to 7.0 kmh-1 ), bed width (76.2 to 91.4 cm) and dibbling hole spacing (15.2 to 20.3 cm). Field efficiency increased with increase in forward speed, bed width and spacing of dibbling holes. Although at low speed (3.0 kmh-1 ), the actual field capacity and field efficiency decreased about 57% and 5.0%, respectively while draft increased about 36 %, compared to the speed of 7.0 kmh-1 . However, at a speed of 3.0 kmh-1 , the mulch damage, un-covered mulch percentage and missing of dibbling hole decreased about 65%, 64% and 7.0 %, respectively. The standardized value of draft requirement, effective filed capacity and field efficiency were observed as 63.27 kp, 0.40 ha.h-1 and 72.7% while as percentage uncovered mulch, percentage mulch damage and percentage missing number of holes were as 3.1 %, 3.4%, 6.25%, respectively. The man-hour requirement and cost of mulching operation with developed machine reduced about 97 % and 75 % as compared to conventional method of mulch laying. Therefore, the study recommends using the developed machine to install a raised-bed, laying of plastic mulch and drip irrigation pipes on the bed and making dibbling hole for vegetable seedling transplanting at a speed of 3 kmh-1 achieved the better efficiency.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131813976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to analyze the application of protection systems on column and bench drilling machines. The research methodology used for the analysis of the application of the safety system on drilling machines is presented, by the method of description using a checklist. The research was conducted on a sample of 55 drilling machines, and it was determined that the most pronounced problem is the lack of safety guard around the cutting tool. The obtained results of the research of the analysis of the application of the safety system on drilling machines are discussed and further researches are proposed.
{"title":"Analysis of the application of the safety system on bench and column drilling machines","authors":"Dušan Gavanski, V. Blanuša","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2202011g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2202011g","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the application of protection systems on column and bench drilling machines. The research methodology used for the analysis of the application of the safety system on drilling machines is presented, by the method of description using a checklist. The research was conducted on a sample of 55 drilling machines, and it was determined that the most pronounced problem is the lack of safety guard around the cutting tool. The obtained results of the research of the analysis of the application of the safety system on drilling machines are discussed and further researches are proposed.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134074680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of Instrumentation and Evaluation Process of some Engineering Characteristics of Grain Crops and Utilization for Mechanized Production and Processing in Nigeria was conducted. Various related works which were relevant to the study were explored and used for the review. Proper evaluation and utilization of engineering characteristics of grain crops would enhance the design and/or development of equipment which would effortlessly boost up the production and post-harvest handling/processing process of grain crops and minimize unnecessary damage/loss of the seeds. The review revealed that moisture content had great influence on the engineering properties of grain kernels. Results of researchers showed an increase in mass of coriander seed from 8.89 to 9.826 g when the moisture content was increased from 8.5 % to15.89 % (w.b.); angle of repose increased from 25.5 to 31o with increase of moisture content from 8.5 % to 15.89 % (w.b.). The coefficient of friction for various surfaces increased with the increase in the moisture content while the bulk density decreases with the increase in moisture content. Furthermore, the compression force required to initiate grain kernel rupture decrease with the increase in moisture content. Thus, the deformation at the grain rupture increases as the moisture content increases. Results from the review indicated a decrease in fracture forces range from 63 t0 38 N for IT86D-I0I0, 64 to 40 N and 70 to 46 N, respectively for IAR-339-1 and Ife Brown cowpea varieties at moisture content varying from 15 to 30 % (w.b). The review further showed that most studies were focused on a few grain crops and that data on engineering properties obtained for various grains seeds vary from one crop to another and from one variety to another. This variation requires studies of engineering properties of different types and varieties of grain crops at different moisture content levels that would guide farmers, processors and designers/manufacturers of machine tools in developing and selecting appropriate machines for their operations at any level in order to increase their production at reduced loss or damage of the seeds.
{"title":"Instrumentation and evaluation process of some engineering characteristics of grain crops and utilization for mechanized production and processing in Nigeria: A review","authors":"O. Oduma, Okeke Glory, N. Onyekachukwu, C. Agu","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301028o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301028o","url":null,"abstract":"A review of Instrumentation and Evaluation Process of some Engineering Characteristics of Grain Crops and Utilization for Mechanized Production and Processing in Nigeria was conducted. Various related works which were relevant to the study were explored and used for the review. Proper evaluation and utilization of engineering characteristics of grain crops would enhance the design and/or development of equipment which would effortlessly boost up the production and post-harvest handling/processing process of grain crops and minimize unnecessary damage/loss of the seeds. The review revealed that moisture content had great influence on the engineering properties of grain kernels. Results of researchers showed an increase in mass of coriander seed from 8.89 to 9.826 g when the moisture content was increased from 8.5 % to15.89 % (w.b.); angle of repose increased from 25.5 to 31o with increase of moisture content from 8.5 % to 15.89 % (w.b.). The coefficient of friction for various surfaces increased with the increase in the moisture content while the bulk density decreases with the increase in moisture content. Furthermore, the compression force required to initiate grain kernel rupture decrease with the increase in moisture content. Thus, the deformation at the grain rupture increases as the moisture content increases. Results from the review indicated a decrease in fracture forces range from 63 t0 38 N for IT86D-I0I0, 64 to 40 N and 70 to 46 N, respectively for IAR-339-1 and Ife Brown cowpea varieties at moisture content varying from 15 to 30 % (w.b). The review further showed that most studies were focused on a few grain crops and that data on engineering properties obtained for various grains seeds vary from one crop to another and from one variety to another. This variation requires studies of engineering properties of different types and varieties of grain crops at different moisture content levels that would guide farmers, processors and designers/manufacturers of machine tools in developing and selecting appropriate machines for their operations at any level in order to increase their production at reduced loss or damage of the seeds.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123446313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ameso Chikogu, Korkor Michelle, Donkor Amponsah, A. Dauda, Jessey Stephen
The use of constructed wetlands for improving greywater treatment by improving nutrient removal at a lower cost than conventional methods has recently attracted renewed interest. The majority of these studies have predominantly pre-defined a wetland configuration for wastewater treatment, which introduces a lot of empiricism in decision-making. To address this problem, this study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for the selection, design, and optimization of constructed wetlands technologies (CWT) during greywater treatment. To evaluate WT for greywater treatment and determine which physic-chemical and microbial properties need to be treated. A multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) tool is used simultaneously with a conformity assessment. The DSS was developed after a thorough review of the literature on the design and implementation of various WT (HFWSF, HSSF, VSSF, and VFSF) and greywater characteristics using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. This study is interesting in that, it integrates contextual data (wastewater characteristics) with WT removal efficiency characteristics to assist you in selecting the best WT. Typha domingensi and Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were effective at removing contaminants when combined with HFWSF WT. After four-month of study, The HFWSF CWT treatment with hyacinth was found to be effective. for the HFWSF-CWT treatment with hyacinth, the removal efficiency of Faecal coliform, Total coliform, Oil and Grease, Ammonia, Total Phosphate, and COD. 78.46%, 74.33%, 73.08%, 69.23%, 25.29%, and 80% respectively. DSS decision on HFWSF-CWT DSS has demonstrated that it is a competently designed noval dashboard for choosing CWT for the treatment of greywater.
利用人工湿地以比传统方法更低的成本去除营养物质，从而改善灰水处理，最近引起了人们新的兴趣。这些研究大多预先定义了用于废水处理的湿地配置，这在决策中引入了许多经验主义。为了解决这一问题，本研究旨在开发一个决策支持系统(DSS)，用于灰水处理过程中人工湿地技术的选择、设计和优化。评估WT处理灰水的效果，确定需要处理哪些物理化学和微生物特性。多准则决策(MCDM)工具与合格评定同时使用。DSS是在使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2010对各种WT (HFWSF、HSSF、VSSF和VFSF)和灰水特性的设计和实现文献进行全面审查后开发的。这项研究的有趣之处在于，它将环境数据(废水特征)与小水疱去除效率特征相结合，以帮助您选择最佳小水疱。当与HFWSF小水疱联合使用时，Typha domingensi和hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes)可以有效去除污染物。经过四个月的研究，发现HFWSF小水疱与风信子的处理是有效的。水葫芦对HFWSF-CWT处理粪大肠菌群、总大肠菌群、油脂、氨、总磷酸盐和COD的去除率进行了研究。分别为78.46%、74.33%、73.08%、69.23%、25.29%和80%。结果表明，DSS是一种设计合理的选择CWT处理灰水的新型仪表盘。
{"title":"A fuzzy-topsis decision-making model for selections of wetland technology for greywater treatment","authors":"Ameso Chikogu, Korkor Michelle, Donkor Amponsah, A. Dauda, Jessey Stephen","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2302014a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2302014a","url":null,"abstract":"The use of constructed wetlands for improving greywater treatment by improving nutrient removal at a lower cost than conventional methods has recently attracted renewed interest. The majority of these studies have predominantly pre-defined a wetland configuration for wastewater treatment, which introduces a lot of empiricism in decision-making. To address this problem, this study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for the selection, design, and optimization of constructed wetlands technologies (CWT) during greywater treatment. To evaluate WT for greywater treatment and determine which physic-chemical and microbial properties need to be treated. A multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) tool is used simultaneously with a conformity assessment. The DSS was developed after a thorough review of the literature on the design and implementation of various WT (HFWSF, HSSF, VSSF, and VFSF) and greywater characteristics using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. This study is interesting in that, it integrates contextual data (wastewater characteristics) with WT removal efficiency characteristics to assist you in selecting the best WT. Typha domingensi and Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were effective at removing contaminants when combined with HFWSF WT. After four-month of study, The HFWSF CWT treatment with hyacinth was found to be effective. for the HFWSF-CWT treatment with hyacinth, the removal efficiency of Faecal coliform, Total coliform, Oil and Grease, Ammonia, Total Phosphate, and COD. 78.46%, 74.33%, 73.08%, 69.23%, 25.29%, and 80% respectively. DSS decision on HFWSF-CWT DSS has demonstrated that it is a competently designed noval dashboard for choosing CWT for the treatment of greywater.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ponjičan, S. Učur, Z. Vučinić, B. Samardžić, A. Sedlar, J. Turan, V. Višacki, F. Vasić
Autonomous irrigation systems have been developed to optimize water use in agricultural production and reduce human labor consumption. These systems should be able to be remotely controlled and managed any times by the farmer. The use of sensors and remote reading capabilities are needed to collect real-time data on crop condition, development phase and other parameters related to weather, crops and soil to support intelligent and efficient irrigation management systems. The sensors communicate remotely with the central control unit and the main control unit, which processes a large number of input parameters, and using complex algorithms generates an output control function: when, where and how much to irrigate. The operator must also be able to access and operate the irrigation machine in real time from anywhere and ani time. Remote wireless communication can take place in several ways: Wi-Fi, radio and GSM/GPRS. The choice of communication system depends on the topography and costs. Further development of wireless sensor applications in agriculture is needed to increase the efficiency, productivity and profitability of each agricultural operation, and thus agricultural production as a whole.
{"title":"Automatic control of irrigation systems","authors":"O. Ponjičan, S. Učur, Z. Vučinić, B. Samardžić, A. Sedlar, J. Turan, V. Višacki, F. Vasić","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201001p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201001p","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous irrigation systems have been developed to optimize water use in agricultural production and reduce human labor consumption. These systems should be able to be remotely controlled and managed any times by the farmer. The use of sensors and remote reading capabilities are needed to collect real-time data on crop condition, development phase and other parameters related to weather, crops and soil to support intelligent and efficient irrigation management systems. The sensors communicate remotely with the central control unit and the main control unit, which processes a large number of input parameters, and using complex algorithms generates an output control function: when, where and how much to irrigate. The operator must also be able to access and operate the irrigation machine in real time from anywhere and ani time. Remote wireless communication can take place in several ways: Wi-Fi, radio and GSM/GPRS. The choice of communication system depends on the topography and costs. Further development of wireless sensor applications in agriculture is needed to increase the efficiency, productivity and profitability of each agricultural operation, and thus agricultural production as a whole.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128828184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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