Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759926
S. Shahidan, N. Md Nor, N. M. Bunnori
This paper summarized two types of modern Acoustic Emission Analysis (AEA) for damage detection of reinforced concrete (RC) structure beneficially to accelerate analysis part particularly for newly researcher; namely wavelet and b-value analyses. Both methods are based on analysing of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The concept and significant of these methods also have been described in detail to give clear picture regarding to the structural performance assessment. The derivation of specific formulas and case studies based on other researchers work also included to prove the applicability and effectiveness of the chosen AE analyses. Applications of these AE analyses in RC structure also have been discussed and future research work has been recommended.
{"title":"Analysis methods of Acoustic Emission signal for monitoring of reinforced concrete structure: A review","authors":"S. Shahidan, N. Md Nor, N. M. Bunnori","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759926","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarized two types of modern Acoustic Emission Analysis (AEA) for damage detection of reinforced concrete (RC) structure beneficially to accelerate analysis part particularly for newly researcher; namely wavelet and b-value analyses. Both methods are based on analysing of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The concept and significant of these methods also have been described in detail to give clear picture regarding to the structural performance assessment. The derivation of specific formulas and case studies based on other researchers work also included to prove the applicability and effectiveness of the chosen AE analyses. Applications of these AE analyses in RC structure also have been discussed and future research work has been recommended.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125511742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759831
N. Kasuan, N. Ismail, M. Taib, Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman
In this paper, recurrent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (RANFIS) structure has been proposed to solve approximation problem in identifying a global model of steam temperature of packed distillation column in steam distillation essential oil extraction process. The input-output data is acquired from field experimentation via MATLAB Real-time Workshop (RTW) integrated to the plant. The derived RANFIS model is optimized in order to get the optimum ANFIS structure that includes the optimal number of membership function, fuzzy rules, data selection, epoch which gives low computation time and root means squared error (RMSE). Several experiments were carried out using both pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) and noise as perturbation signals. Performance comparison of RANFIS with ARX model shows that RANFIS identification gives an excellent global modeling method with RMSE of 0.1778 and consumed less computation or training time.
{"title":"Recurrent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for steam temperature estimation in distillation of essential oil extraction process","authors":"N. Kasuan, N. Ismail, M. Taib, Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759831","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, recurrent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (RANFIS) structure has been proposed to solve approximation problem in identifying a global model of steam temperature of packed distillation column in steam distillation essential oil extraction process. The input-output data is acquired from field experimentation via MATLAB Real-time Workshop (RTW) integrated to the plant. The derived RANFIS model is optimized in order to get the optimum ANFIS structure that includes the optimal number of membership function, fuzzy rules, data selection, epoch which gives low computation time and root means squared error (RMSE). Several experiments were carried out using both pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) and noise as perturbation signals. Performance comparison of RANFIS with ARX model shows that RANFIS identification gives an excellent global modeling method with RMSE of 0.1778 and consumed less computation or training time.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126487504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759928
N. H. Norma, Z. Saad, I. Isa, S. Ishak
This paper presents the design and development of an online monitoring system that collects data over time or distance with a built-in instrument or sensors. Currently, an online data collection system (Vehicle Data logger) from general vehicle is not available in the market. Only the vehicles' manufacturers have the tool to access the engine ECU to monitor the vehicle's data. Current available automotives meter are display an estimated but inaccurate speed, engine revolution, fuel and temperature data. This project is developed to record the speed of vehicle, engine revolution (rpm), engine temperature, fuel volume and distance parameters. The software design of V-model has been developed to implement a sophisticated data viewing methods. The program utilized new framework based on track segmenting to better organize data, instantly provides summaries of segment data and attempts to better display the driving performance. The characteristic of fuel sender (to determine fuel volume in Litre) and temperature sender (to determine engine temperature in Celsius) is downloaded to EEPROM. All the recorded information are saved in RAM of the microcontroller, which can be reset after load the information to the (personal computer) PC using UART communication with Keyword 2000 protocol. All the measurements were carried out on selected road track as the field test of total trips about 3 kilometers. The recorded data have been analyzed and validated using an external (Global Positioning System) GPS navigator.
本文介绍了一个在线监测系统的设计和开发，该系统可以通过内置的仪器或传感器收集随时间或距离的数据。目前市场上还没有通用车辆的在线数据采集系统(Vehicle data logger)。只有汽车制造商才有工具可以访问发动机ECU来监控车辆的数据。目前可用的汽车仪表显示估计但不准确的速度，发动机转速，燃料和温度数据。这个项目是为了记录车辆的速度、发动机转速(rpm)、发动机温度、燃油量和距离参数而开发的。开发了v模型的软件设计，实现了一种复杂的数据查看方法。该程序利用基于赛道分段的新框架更好地组织数据，即时提供分段数据摘要，并尝试更好地显示驾驶性能。将燃油发送器(以升为单位确定燃油量)和温度发送器(以摄氏度确定发动机温度)的特性下载到EEPROM。所有记录的信息都保存在单片机的RAM中，通过UART通信和Keyword 2000协议将记录的信息加载到(个人电脑)PC机中后可复位。所有测量都是在选定的道路轨道上进行的，作为总行程约3公里的现场试验。使用外部(全球定位系统)GPS导航仪对记录的数据进行了分析和验证。
{"title":"Software design and development for automotive online monitoring system","authors":"N. H. Norma, Z. Saad, I. Isa, S. Ishak","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759928","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and development of an online monitoring system that collects data over time or distance with a built-in instrument or sensors. Currently, an online data collection system (Vehicle Data logger) from general vehicle is not available in the market. Only the vehicles' manufacturers have the tool to access the engine ECU to monitor the vehicle's data. Current available automotives meter are display an estimated but inaccurate speed, engine revolution, fuel and temperature data. This project is developed to record the speed of vehicle, engine revolution (rpm), engine temperature, fuel volume and distance parameters. The software design of V-model has been developed to implement a sophisticated data viewing methods. The program utilized new framework based on track segmenting to better organize data, instantly provides summaries of segment data and attempts to better display the driving performance. The characteristic of fuel sender (to determine fuel volume in Litre) and temperature sender (to determine engine temperature in Celsius) is downloaded to EEPROM. All the recorded information are saved in RAM of the microcontroller, which can be reset after load the information to the (personal computer) PC using UART communication with Keyword 2000 protocol. All the measurements were carried out on selected road track as the field test of total trips about 3 kilometers. The recorded data have been analyzed and validated using an external (Global Positioning System) GPS navigator.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127843943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759877
A. Ahmad, L. Rabiu
In the field of geoinformation, geographic information can be converted into plan in the form of two dimensional (2D) using geomatic method that is using tacheometric technique and total station instrumentation. Topographic and thematic maps in 2D can be produced using photogrammetric technique. In photogrammetry, the three dimensional (3D) stereomodel can be used to generate 3D model. Today, 3D model can be generated using various techniques and there exists an increasing need to use 3D model in various fields such as civil engineering, architecture, archaeology, town planning, automotive industry and others especially for visualization applications. 3D model also can be generated using aerial photogrammetry and close range photogrammetry methods to generate 3D model of the earth surface and objects located on it. Several photogrammetric softwares provide different accuracy of 3D model which can be used to generate 3D model such as Erdas Imagine, Topcon PI 3000 Image Master, Leica Photogrammetric Suite, VirtuoZo and others. This paper presents the use of photogrammetric technique to effectively generate three dimensional (3D) model of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia campus. The software used are Erdas IMAGINE, SpacEyes3D Builder, Google SketchUp as well as AutoCAD Map. The processing procedure of the system is described briefly in this paper. Sets of measurements (length, width, and height) of selected buildings were obtained. The results obtained from these software were compared with ground survey measurement. The results showed that an accuracy of sub-meter of ±0.491m could be obtained from the Erdas Imagine software and it is superior compared with the other two softwarea. Finally, all the software used are suitable for 3D modelling.
{"title":"Generation of three dimensional model of building using photogrammetric technique","authors":"A. Ahmad, L. Rabiu","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759877","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of geoinformation, geographic information can be converted into plan in the form of two dimensional (2D) using geomatic method that is using tacheometric technique and total station instrumentation. Topographic and thematic maps in 2D can be produced using photogrammetric technique. In photogrammetry, the three dimensional (3D) stereomodel can be used to generate 3D model. Today, 3D model can be generated using various techniques and there exists an increasing need to use 3D model in various fields such as civil engineering, architecture, archaeology, town planning, automotive industry and others especially for visualization applications. 3D model also can be generated using aerial photogrammetry and close range photogrammetry methods to generate 3D model of the earth surface and objects located on it. Several photogrammetric softwares provide different accuracy of 3D model which can be used to generate 3D model such as Erdas Imagine, Topcon PI 3000 Image Master, Leica Photogrammetric Suite, VirtuoZo and others. This paper presents the use of photogrammetric technique to effectively generate three dimensional (3D) model of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia campus. The software used are Erdas IMAGINE, SpacEyes3D Builder, Google SketchUp as well as AutoCAD Map. The processing procedure of the system is described briefly in this paper. Sets of measurements (length, width, and height) of selected buildings were obtained. The results obtained from these software were compared with ground survey measurement. The results showed that an accuracy of sub-meter of ±0.491m could be obtained from the Erdas Imagine software and it is superior compared with the other two softwarea. Finally, all the software used are suitable for 3D modelling.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126974140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759880
Z. Saad, M. K. Osman, S. Omar, M. Y. Mashor
The aim of this research is to develop an intelligent automated online forecasting of a car fuel consumption using neural network and classified it into classes of driving style. A new online monitoring tool was developed to acquire and analyze data collected from a car for the purpose of fuel consumption modelling and forecasting. The data was transmitted via ECU Can Bus attach to the car to the automotive single board computer. The online monitoring and forecasting tools were developed by using 8-bit Single-Chip Microcontroller as a data acquisition processor. Distance, speed, revolution, fuel flow, fuel consumption and temperature transducer are taped from the experimented car to gain the information. The multilayered perceptron network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was selected as a black box model for forecasting purposes. The input variables were taped from car sensors. The data set consists of 2000 data samples. The first 1000 data were used for training and the rest were used in validation and forecasting process. Based on the best network execution, it was found that the best MSE during validation phase is about 0.0804 produced at the 26 hidden neurons. The results of the forecasting during training obviously show that during the first 200 data series the forecasting error is quite high but after 200 data series the neural network model have a tendency to improve quickly and forecast slightly the real value of the injected fuel flow.
{"title":"Modeling and forecasting of injected fuel flow using neural network","authors":"Z. Saad, M. K. Osman, S. Omar, M. Y. Mashor","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759880","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to develop an intelligent automated online forecasting of a car fuel consumption using neural network and classified it into classes of driving style. A new online monitoring tool was developed to acquire and analyze data collected from a car for the purpose of fuel consumption modelling and forecasting. The data was transmitted via ECU Can Bus attach to the car to the automotive single board computer. The online monitoring and forecasting tools were developed by using 8-bit Single-Chip Microcontroller as a data acquisition processor. Distance, speed, revolution, fuel flow, fuel consumption and temperature transducer are taped from the experimented car to gain the information. The multilayered perceptron network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was selected as a black box model for forecasting purposes. The input variables were taped from car sensors. The data set consists of 2000 data samples. The first 1000 data were used for training and the rest were used in validation and forecasting process. Based on the best network execution, it was found that the best MSE during validation phase is about 0.0804 produced at the 26 hidden neurons. The results of the forecasting during training obviously show that during the first 200 data series the forecasting error is quite high but after 200 data series the neural network model have a tendency to improve quickly and forecast slightly the real value of the injected fuel flow.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131011663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ahmad, Z. Hussain, F. Ahmad, M. H. M. Noor, S. Z. Yahaya
Gel electrophoresis (GE) is an important tool in genomic analysis. It is a process of DNA, RNA and protein molecules separation using electric field applied to a gel matrix. This paper describes the image processing techniques applied on GE image to segment the bands from their background. Numerous pre-processing steps are applied on the image prior to the segmentation technique for the purpose of removing noise in the image. Then multilevel thresholding using Otsu method based on Particle Swarm Optimization is applied. The experimental results show that the PSO-Otsu successfully segmented all the bands.
{"title":"Gel electrophoresis image segmentation with Otsu method based on Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"A. Ahmad, Z. Hussain, F. Ahmad, M. H. M. Noor, S. Z. Yahaya","doi":"10.1109/CICSYN.2013.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CICSYN.2013.60","url":null,"abstract":"Gel electrophoresis (GE) is an important tool in genomic analysis. It is a process of DNA, RNA and protein molecules separation using electric field applied to a gel matrix. This paper describes the image processing techniques applied on GE image to segment the bands from their background. Numerous pre-processing steps are applied on the image prior to the segmentation technique for the purpose of removing noise in the image. Then multilevel thresholding using Otsu method based on Particle Swarm Optimization is applied. The experimental results show that the PSO-Otsu successfully segmented all the bands.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131278383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759876
M. Mubarak, J. Manan, S. Yahya
RFID technology automates several types of objects identification processes and improves lots of business transactions. Its ability to communicate through wireless networks gives huge advantages in comparison to optical barcode and manual identification systems. Unfortunately, the ability of RFID system to communicate through wireless communication opens up possibilities of being tracked by unauthorized reader or adversary and potentially violates user privacy. A truly strong anonymizer would be good for solving this issue because it can provide tags anonymity so that they cannot be traced by adversary. Past solutions on RFID with anonymizers have lots of issues regarding system integrity and availability. We propose a trust based solution based on trusted computing to provide system integrity to the anonymizer. This paper provides a technical framework for a trusted anonymizer for use in RFID Systems. Our main objective is to solve the major trust issue inherent in almost all previous anonymizer-based RFID protocols.
{"title":"A framework for trusted anonymizer based RFID system","authors":"M. Mubarak, J. Manan, S. Yahya","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759876","url":null,"abstract":"RFID technology automates several types of objects identification processes and improves lots of business transactions. Its ability to communicate through wireless networks gives huge advantages in comparison to optical barcode and manual identification systems. Unfortunately, the ability of RFID system to communicate through wireless communication opens up possibilities of being tracked by unauthorized reader or adversary and potentially violates user privacy. A truly strong anonymizer would be good for solving this issue because it can provide tags anonymity so that they cannot be traced by adversary. Past solutions on RFID with anonymizers have lots of issues regarding system integrity and availability. We propose a trust based solution based on trusted computing to provide system integrity to the anonymizer. This paper provides a technical framework for a trusted anonymizer for use in RFID Systems. Our main objective is to solve the major trust issue inherent in almost all previous anonymizer-based RFID protocols.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122569927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759856
N. Mahmood, C.K.M. Salahuddin Che Ku Long, Ismawati Abd Ghani, R. Sudirman
This paper introduced an electronic chess set which able to project the games in a computer during the chess tournament. In a competitive tournament, audiences are not allowed to watch the game too close with all chess players because they may disturb players' concentration. To solve this problem, a system that can automatically project the chess players' game is needed, and this could be done if the game is projected on a computer screen. With integration between the chessboard, microcontroller, chess clock and developed software, the result shows the possibility of having a low cost electronic chess set compared to the existing electronic chess set, which would be affordable to the most chess organizer.
{"title":"Low cost electronic chess set for chess tournament","authors":"N. Mahmood, C.K.M. Salahuddin Che Ku Long, Ismawati Abd Ghani, R. Sudirman","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759856","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduced an electronic chess set which able to project the games in a computer during the chess tournament. In a competitive tournament, audiences are not allowed to watch the game too close with all chess players because they may disturb players' concentration. To solve this problem, a system that can automatically project the chess players' game is needed, and this could be done if the game is projected on a computer screen. With integration between the chessboard, microcontroller, chess clock and developed software, the result shows the possibility of having a low cost electronic chess set compared to the existing electronic chess set, which would be affordable to the most chess organizer.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115635852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759859
W. Udin, A. Ahmad
Currently, the price of digital camera is decreasing and many users afford to purchase it. The digital camera can be used for many applications. The digital camera can also be used for accurate measurement such as determination of three dimensional (3D) coordinates, production of accurate measurement and generation of 3D model of objects. However, the digital camera need to be calibrated to obtain accurate results. The aim of this study is to calibrate the digital camera so that it could be used for accurate measurement. In this study, close range photogrammetric technique was used to calibrate three high resolution digital cameras. The digital cameras used comprise of Rollei D30, Nikon D60 SLR and compact Nikon Coolpix S560. The three digital cameras were used to acquire photographs of three different sizes of testfield that are equipped with retro-reflective targets. The approximate 3D coordinates of the different testfield were estimated by measuring it manually. The three digital cameras were calibrated using self-calibration bundle adjustment method. The photographs of the testfield were acquired using potrait and landscape setup for each camera location in 3D space. After the acquisition of the photographs of the testfield, they were downloaded into the computer for the measurement process of the retro-reflective targets and subsequently the final 3D coordinates of the retro-reflective targets were determined using the self-calibration bundle adjustment method. The coordinates of the retro-reflective targets were also determined using intersection method of total station which were used as referenced value. The 3D coordinates from the digital camera were then compared with the 3D coordinates of the total station. Results showed that the Nikon D60 SLR digital camera is superior than the other two digital cameras in term of accuracy and network precision. The next best result is shown by the Nikon Coolpix S560 compact digital camera and finally the Rollei D30. For the Rollei D30, the results are less accurate than the Nikon D60 SLR. However, the interior orientation parameters of this camera are very stable. In conclusion, all the three high resolution digital cameras have the potential to be used for various close range applications.
{"title":"Calibration of high resolution digital camera using self-calibration bundle adjustment method","authors":"W. Udin, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759859","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the price of digital camera is decreasing and many users afford to purchase it. The digital camera can be used for many applications. The digital camera can also be used for accurate measurement such as determination of three dimensional (3D) coordinates, production of accurate measurement and generation of 3D model of objects. However, the digital camera need to be calibrated to obtain accurate results. The aim of this study is to calibrate the digital camera so that it could be used for accurate measurement. In this study, close range photogrammetric technique was used to calibrate three high resolution digital cameras. The digital cameras used comprise of Rollei D30, Nikon D60 SLR and compact Nikon Coolpix S560. The three digital cameras were used to acquire photographs of three different sizes of testfield that are equipped with retro-reflective targets. The approximate 3D coordinates of the different testfield were estimated by measuring it manually. The three digital cameras were calibrated using self-calibration bundle adjustment method. The photographs of the testfield were acquired using potrait and landscape setup for each camera location in 3D space. After the acquisition of the photographs of the testfield, they were downloaded into the computer for the measurement process of the retro-reflective targets and subsequently the final 3D coordinates of the retro-reflective targets were determined using the self-calibration bundle adjustment method. The coordinates of the retro-reflective targets were also determined using intersection method of total station which were used as referenced value. The 3D coordinates from the digital camera were then compared with the 3D coordinates of the total station. Results showed that the Nikon D60 SLR digital camera is superior than the other two digital cameras in term of accuracy and network precision. The next best result is shown by the Nikon Coolpix S560 compact digital camera and finally the Rollei D30. For the Rollei D30, the results are less accurate than the Nikon D60 SLR. However, the interior orientation parameters of this camera are very stable. In conclusion, all the three high resolution digital cameras have the potential to be used for various close range applications.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-04DOI: 10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759894
S. Zain, Kien Kek Chua
Department of Environment in most countries is increasingly tightening clean Air regulation to mandate heavy industries to comply with stack emission limits. One of the latest measures is to enforce the installation of analytical instrumentation known as Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) to report emission level online to DOE office. CEMS being hardware based analyzer is expensive and maintenance intensive and often unreliable. Therefore, the need for more economical, reliable and accurate software-based predictive techniques is a feasible equivalent alternative for regulatory compliance. This study has successfully developed a neural network software-based Predictive Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) to accurately determine stack emission level which can correlate closely with hardware analyzer measurement.
{"title":"Development of a neural network Predictive Emission Monitoring System for flue gas measurement","authors":"S. Zain, Kien Kek Chua","doi":"10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759894","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Environment in most countries is increasingly tightening clean Air regulation to mandate heavy industries to comply with stack emission limits. One of the latest measures is to enforce the installation of analytical instrumentation known as Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) to report emission level online to DOE office. CEMS being hardware based analyzer is expensive and maintenance intensive and often unreliable. Therefore, the need for more economical, reliable and accurate software-based predictive techniques is a feasible equivalent alternative for regulatory compliance. This study has successfully developed a neural network software-based Predictive Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) to accurately determine stack emission level which can correlate closely with hardware analyzer measurement.","PeriodicalId":282179,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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