Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-27-37
I. V. Unchenko, A. A. Emelyanov
Objectives. The study aimed to develop interspecies and interclass methods for constructing coherent radio engineering systems based on a modular complementary structure.Methods. A set of modules and submodules having no narrow specialization and together constituting a flexible broadband hardware-reconfigurable software-defined radio engineering structure is considered as the basic set for constructing a digital radio photonic system path. Due to their broadbandness and complementary structure, modules and submodules have many applications both as self-sustained devices and as part of more complex systems.Results. Functional diagrams of modern digital receiver-shapers, as well as modules for amplifying radio frequency signals and converting radio frequency signals into an optical signal are presented along with a radio photonic synchronization network for generating clock signals. Calculations of the introduced phase error of a quartz singlemode fiber and graphs of the dependence of the change in the signal phase on external influencing factors are given. A concept for integrating the presented modules into the construction of a modular transceiver multiposition wideband coherent digital radio photonic system is proposed. The results of calculating radiation patterns and mathematical modeling the beam deflection of a broadband antenna array are presented along with antenna systems based thereon.Conclusions. The proposed circuit design solutions allow the time required for developing new types of systems to be significantly reduced due to the range of ready-made technical solutions. Not only are the parameters of the developed devices comparable to the best world analogues, but they also surpass existing solutions in terms of system integration. The developments have been tested under R&D project at the Kaluga Scientific Research Institute of Radio Technology and Hardware Solution Technologies (TAR). The proposed solutions are integrated at the subsystem level into advanced developments of products for civil and special purpose. Further development of the concept of building ultra-wideband devices allows reaching a new level in the technology of constructing modular multiposition coherent digital radio photonic systems.
{"title":"Photonics-based modular multistate digital coherent system","authors":"I. V. Unchenko, A. A. Emelyanov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The study aimed to develop interspecies and interclass methods for constructing coherent radio engineering systems based on a modular complementary structure.Methods. A set of modules and submodules having no narrow specialization and together constituting a flexible broadband hardware-reconfigurable software-defined radio engineering structure is considered as the basic set for constructing a digital radio photonic system path. Due to their broadbandness and complementary structure, modules and submodules have many applications both as self-sustained devices and as part of more complex systems.Results. Functional diagrams of modern digital receiver-shapers, as well as modules for amplifying radio frequency signals and converting radio frequency signals into an optical signal are presented along with a radio photonic synchronization network for generating clock signals. Calculations of the introduced phase error of a quartz singlemode fiber and graphs of the dependence of the change in the signal phase on external influencing factors are given. A concept for integrating the presented modules into the construction of a modular transceiver multiposition wideband coherent digital radio photonic system is proposed. The results of calculating radiation patterns and mathematical modeling the beam deflection of a broadband antenna array are presented along with antenna systems based thereon.Conclusions. The proposed circuit design solutions allow the time required for developing new types of systems to be significantly reduced due to the range of ready-made technical solutions. Not only are the parameters of the developed devices comparable to the best world analogues, but they also surpass existing solutions in terms of system integration. The developments have been tested under R&D project at the Kaluga Scientific Research Institute of Radio Technology and Hardware Solution Technologies (TAR). The proposed solutions are integrated at the subsystem level into advanced developments of products for civil and special purpose. Further development of the concept of building ultra-wideband devices allows reaching a new level in the technology of constructing modular multiposition coherent digital radio photonic systems.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-55-64
S. Odintsov, E. Lock, E. Beginin, A. Sadovnikov
Objectives. Nonreciprocal spin wave effects can manifest themselves in metalized films of ferrite garnets. By studying the dynamics of spin waves in micro- and nano-scale magnetic films, the possibility of using multilayer dielectric films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) to ensure the manifestation of the nonreciprocity effect is demonstrated. This approach offers advantages compared to the use of a layered YIG/metal structure due to significantly lower spin-wave losses in the two-layer YIG film consisting of layers with different values of magnetization. Such films can be used in logical elements to create controllable Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on magnonic principles. The purpose of this work is to reconcile the concept of nonreciprocal spin-wave propagation of a signal with the simultaneous manifestation of the effects arising from the propagation of spin waves in microwave guides formed by finite-width YIG films.Methods. We used an experimental microwave spectroscopy method based on a vector network analyzer along with a finite difference method to perform a numerical simulation of the dispersion characteristics of spin waves in two-layer magnonic microwave guides. An analytical model was also used to obtain a dispersion equation based on the magnetostatic approximation.Results. Based on measurements of the amplitude and phase responses, the possible coexistence of two frequency ranges for the propagation of a spin-wave signal in a two-layer magnon microwave guide based on a YIG film formed by two layers with different values of saturation magnetization was demonstrated. Regimes of nonreciprocal propagation of a spin-wave signal were revealed. A numerical model was using to study the formation mechanisms of spin wave modes in the spectrum of a two-layer structure formed due to the finite dimensions of the microwave guide. An analytical model was used to evaluate the transformation of the mode spectrum. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results of the proposed numerical and analytical models.Conclusions. The possibility of frequency-selective propagation of spin waves in a magnon microwaveguide consisting of two layers with different saturation magnetization values is demonstrated. Multimode propagation of spin waves can occur inside a two-layer structure in two frequency ranges. At the same time, this process is accompanied by a strong nonreciprocity of spin-wave signal propagation, which manifests itself in a change in the amplitude and phase responses when the direction of the external magnetic field is reversed. The proposed two-layer spin-wave waveguide concept can be used in the manufacture of magnon interconnects and magnon interferometers with the support of multiband regimes of operation.
{"title":"Nonreciprocal propagation of spin waves in a bilayer magnonic waveguide based on yttrium-iron garnet films","authors":"S. Odintsov, E. Lock, E. Beginin, A. Sadovnikov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-55-64","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Nonreciprocal spin wave effects can manifest themselves in metalized films of ferrite garnets. By studying the dynamics of spin waves in micro- and nano-scale magnetic films, the possibility of using multilayer dielectric films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) to ensure the manifestation of the nonreciprocity effect is demonstrated. This approach offers advantages compared to the use of a layered YIG/metal structure due to significantly lower spin-wave losses in the two-layer YIG film consisting of layers with different values of magnetization. Such films can be used in logical elements to create controllable Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on magnonic principles. The purpose of this work is to reconcile the concept of nonreciprocal spin-wave propagation of a signal with the simultaneous manifestation of the effects arising from the propagation of spin waves in microwave guides formed by finite-width YIG films.Methods. We used an experimental microwave spectroscopy method based on a vector network analyzer along with a finite difference method to perform a numerical simulation of the dispersion characteristics of spin waves in two-layer magnonic microwave guides. An analytical model was also used to obtain a dispersion equation based on the magnetostatic approximation.Results. Based on measurements of the amplitude and phase responses, the possible coexistence of two frequency ranges for the propagation of a spin-wave signal in a two-layer magnon microwave guide based on a YIG film formed by two layers with different values of saturation magnetization was demonstrated. Regimes of nonreciprocal propagation of a spin-wave signal were revealed. A numerical model was using to study the formation mechanisms of spin wave modes in the spectrum of a two-layer structure formed due to the finite dimensions of the microwave guide. An analytical model was used to evaluate the transformation of the mode spectrum. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results of the proposed numerical and analytical models.Conclusions. The possibility of frequency-selective propagation of spin waves in a magnon microwaveguide consisting of two layers with different saturation magnetization values is demonstrated. Multimode propagation of spin waves can occur inside a two-layer structure in two frequency ranges. At the same time, this process is accompanied by a strong nonreciprocity of spin-wave signal propagation, which manifests itself in a change in the amplitude and phase responses when the direction of the external magnetic field is reversed. The proposed two-layer spin-wave waveguide concept can be used in the manufacture of magnon interconnects and magnon interferometers with the support of multiband regimes of operation.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133937598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-65-74
D. A. Karpov, V. I. Struchenkov
Objectives. The theory and methods of spline approximation of plane curves given by a sequence of points are currently undergoing rapid development. Despite fundamental differences between used splines and those considered in the theory and its applications, results published earlier demonstrate the possibility of using spline approximation when designing routes of linear structures. The main difference here consists in the impossibility of assuming in advance the number of spline elements when designing the routes. Here, in contrast to widely use polynomial splines, the repeating element is the link “segment of a straight line + arc of a circle” or “segment of a straight line + arc of a clothoid + arc of a circle + arc of a clothoid.” Previously, a two-stage scheme consisting of a determination of the number of elements of the desired spline and subsequent optimization of its parameters was proposed. Although an algorithm for solving the problem in relation to the design of a longitudinal profile has been implemented and published, this is not suitable for designing a route plan, since, unlike a profile, a route plan is generally a multivalued function. The present paper aims to generalize the algorithm for the case of spline approximation of multivalued functions making allowance for the design features of the routes of linear structures.Methods. At the first stage, a novel mathematical model is developed to apply the dynamic programming method taking into account the constraints on the desired spline parameters. At the second stage, nonlinear programming is used. In this case, it is possible to analytically calculate the derivatives of the objective function with respect to the spline parameters in the absence of its analytical expression through these parameters.Results. An algorithm developed for approximating multivalued functions given by a discrete series of points using a spline consisting of arcs of circles conjugated by line segments for solving the first stage of the problem is presented. An additional nonlinear programming algorithm was also used to optimize the parameters of the resulting spline as an initial approximation. However, in the present paper, the first stage is considered only, since the complex algorithm of the second stage and its justification require separate consideration.Conclusions. The presented two-stage spline approximation scheme with an unknown number of spline elements is also suitable for approximating multivalued functions given by a sequence of points on a plane, in particular, for designing a route plan for linear structures.
{"title":"Spline approximation of multivalued functions in linear structures routing","authors":"D. A. Karpov, V. I. Struchenkov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-65-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-65-74","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The theory and methods of spline approximation of plane curves given by a sequence of points are currently undergoing rapid development. Despite fundamental differences between used splines and those considered in the theory and its applications, results published earlier demonstrate the possibility of using spline approximation when designing routes of linear structures. The main difference here consists in the impossibility of assuming in advance the number of spline elements when designing the routes. Here, in contrast to widely use polynomial splines, the repeating element is the link “segment of a straight line + arc of a circle” or “segment of a straight line + arc of a clothoid + arc of a circle + arc of a clothoid.” Previously, a two-stage scheme consisting of a determination of the number of elements of the desired spline and subsequent optimization of its parameters was proposed. Although an algorithm for solving the problem in relation to the design of a longitudinal profile has been implemented and published, this is not suitable for designing a route plan, since, unlike a profile, a route plan is generally a multivalued function. The present paper aims to generalize the algorithm for the case of spline approximation of multivalued functions making allowance for the design features of the routes of linear structures.Methods. At the first stage, a novel mathematical model is developed to apply the dynamic programming method taking into account the constraints on the desired spline parameters. At the second stage, nonlinear programming is used. In this case, it is possible to analytically calculate the derivatives of the objective function with respect to the spline parameters in the absence of its analytical expression through these parameters.Results. An algorithm developed for approximating multivalued functions given by a discrete series of points using a spline consisting of arcs of circles conjugated by line segments for solving the first stage of the problem is presented. An additional nonlinear programming algorithm was also used to optimize the parameters of the resulting spline as an initial approximation. However, in the present paper, the first stage is considered only, since the complex algorithm of the second stage and its justification require separate consideration.Conclusions. The presented two-stage spline approximation scheme with an unknown number of spline elements is also suitable for approximating multivalued functions given by a sequence of points on a plane, in particular, for designing a route plan for linear structures.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-44-54
V. Kadantsev, A. Goltsov
Objectives. Numerous studies of biosystems indicate the distinct role of quasi-one-dimensional molecular structures in the transport of energy, charges, and information. Of particular interest are the studies on the collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional lateral structures in liquid crystalline membranes and the possibility of local excitation transfer through such structures. In this paper, we developed a model for the collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional domain structures in lipid bilayers interacting with the environment. The objective is to study the mechanisms of the directed energy transport in liquid crystalline lipid membranes.Methods. In this paper, the percolation domain structures formed as a result of phase separation in multicomponent lipid membranes are considered to be quasi-one-dimensional domain structures. The model distinguishes two subsystems interacting with each other and differing in their structural and dynamic properties, i.e., the membrane surface formed by polar groups of lipid molecules and the internal hydrophilic region of the membrane formed by acyl chains of lipids. The acyl chain subsystem is simulated using the Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian which considers the dependence of its dynamics on temperature close to the lipid melting phase transition temperature Tc.Results. Analysis of dynamic states has shown that elastic excitations moving at constant rate in the form of solitons may exist near temperatures Tc in the considered quasi-one-dimensional domain structures. In addition, motion of the elastic excitation region (kink) along domain structures in the acyl chain region causes the formation of acoustic soliton, i.e., the compression region in the polar group subsystem moving in concert with the kink displacement. The soliton localization region covers about 10 molecules and depends significantly on the interaction parameter of the polar group and acyl chain subsystems. Soliton moves at a subsonic speed determined, in particular, by the magnitude of an external force.Conclusions. The model developed in this paper shows that liquid crystalline domain structures in lipid membranes exhibit properties of active media, wherein the formation and displacement of localized elastic excitations on macroscopic spatial and temporal scales may occur. The proposed molecular mechanism of the soliton transport along quasi-one-dimensional domain structures may be used for describing the directed energy transfer along lateral domain channels in biomembranes and the cooperative functioning of the membrane bioenergetic and receptor complexes.
{"title":"Collective dynamics of domain structures in liquid crystalline lipid bilayers","authors":"V. Kadantsev, A. Goltsov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-44-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-44-54","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Numerous studies of biosystems indicate the distinct role of quasi-one-dimensional molecular structures in the transport of energy, charges, and information. Of particular interest are the studies on the collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional lateral structures in liquid crystalline membranes and the possibility of local excitation transfer through such structures. In this paper, we developed a model for the collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional domain structures in lipid bilayers interacting with the environment. The objective is to study the mechanisms of the directed energy transport in liquid crystalline lipid membranes.Methods. In this paper, the percolation domain structures formed as a result of phase separation in multicomponent lipid membranes are considered to be quasi-one-dimensional domain structures. The model distinguishes two subsystems interacting with each other and differing in their structural and dynamic properties, i.e., the membrane surface formed by polar groups of lipid molecules and the internal hydrophilic region of the membrane formed by acyl chains of lipids. The acyl chain subsystem is simulated using the Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian which considers the dependence of its dynamics on temperature close to the lipid melting phase transition temperature Tc.Results. Analysis of dynamic states has shown that elastic excitations moving at constant rate in the form of solitons may exist near temperatures Tc in the considered quasi-one-dimensional domain structures. In addition, motion of the elastic excitation region (kink) along domain structures in the acyl chain region causes the formation of acoustic soliton, i.e., the compression region in the polar group subsystem moving in concert with the kink displacement. The soliton localization region covers about 10 molecules and depends significantly on the interaction parameter of the polar group and acyl chain subsystems. Soliton moves at a subsonic speed determined, in particular, by the magnitude of an external force.Conclusions. The model developed in this paper shows that liquid crystalline domain structures in lipid membranes exhibit properties of active media, wherein the formation and displacement of localized elastic excitations on macroscopic spatial and temporal scales may occur. The proposed molecular mechanism of the soliton transport along quasi-one-dimensional domain structures may be used for describing the directed energy transfer along lateral domain channels in biomembranes and the cooperative functioning of the membrane bioenergetic and receptor complexes.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124546368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-86-92
M. Eremeev, O. V. Trubienko, I. I. Zakharchuk
Objectives. Emerging as a response to the global threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the changing nature of problem-solving in the field of information technology associated with economic globalization, including possibilities of remote working, imposes new requirements on the competencies and skills of future professionals. This, in turn, requires adjustments to the higher education process. Agile project management methodologies such as Scrum, along with Infrastructure-as-Code approaches in information and telecommunication infrastructure management, and Documentation-as-Code approaches in documentation development, aim to present design, development, testing, and documentation as short cycle iterative processes to permit the rapid and transparent addition of new product value in discrete portions. Applied to the education sphere, this approach implies new knowledge and practical skills of students that can be easily and transparently measured in the process of mastering a discipline. The present paper aims to develop methods of applying modern software development techniques to training students of technical specialties.Methods. The use of reproducible research methods and agile design practices while organizing and managing practical tasks for students is proposed.Results. Contemporary tools used in software development based on Git hosting services (GitLab and GitHub) are presented alongside reproducible research paradigms in distance education using the R Markdown format by RStudio.Conclusions. In addition to increasing the involvement of students in the process of practical tasks, the proposed approach can be used to reduce the workload of teachers when checking and evaluating student working results.
{"title":"Applying a reproducible research approach to distance education","authors":"M. Eremeev, O. V. Trubienko, I. I. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-86-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-86-92","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Emerging as a response to the global threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the changing nature of problem-solving in the field of information technology associated with economic globalization, including possibilities of remote working, imposes new requirements on the competencies and skills of future professionals. This, in turn, requires adjustments to the higher education process. Agile project management methodologies such as Scrum, along with Infrastructure-as-Code approaches in information and telecommunication infrastructure management, and Documentation-as-Code approaches in documentation development, aim to present design, development, testing, and documentation as short cycle iterative processes to permit the rapid and transparent addition of new product value in discrete portions. Applied to the education sphere, this approach implies new knowledge and practical skills of students that can be easily and transparently measured in the process of mastering a discipline. The present paper aims to develop methods of applying modern software development techniques to training students of technical specialties.Methods. The use of reproducible research methods and agile design practices while organizing and managing practical tasks for students is proposed.Results. Contemporary tools used in software development based on Git hosting services (GitLab and GitHub) are presented alongside reproducible research paradigms in distance education using the R Markdown format by RStudio.Conclusions. In addition to increasing the involvement of students in the process of practical tasks, the proposed approach can be used to reduce the workload of teachers when checking and evaluating student working results.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128238839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-75-85
A. V. Smirnov
Objectives. A frequently used method for obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions is to minimize a selected quality index under restrictions of the other quality indices, whose values are thus preset. For a scalar objective function, the global minimum is sought that contains the restricted indices as penalty terms. However, the landscape of such a function has steep-ascent areas, which significantly complicate the search for the global minimum. This work compared the results of various heuristic algorithms in solving problems of this type. In addition, the possibility of solving such problems using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, in which the restrictions are not imposed as the penalty terms, but included into the Lagrange function, was investigated.Methods. The experiments were conducted using two analytically defined objective functions and two objective functions that are encountered in problems of multi-objective optimization of characteristics of analog filters. The corresponding algorithms were realized in the MATLAB environment.Results. The only heuristic algorithm shown to obtain the optimal solutions for all the functions is the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm was applicable to one of the analytically defined objective functions and one of the filter optimization objective functions, as well as appearing to be significantly superior to heuristic algorithms in speed and accuracy of solutions search. However, for the other two functions, this method was found to be incapable of finding correct solutions.Conclusions. A topical problem is the estimation of the applicability of the considered methods to obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions based on preliminary analysis of properties of functions that determine the quality indices.
{"title":"Properties of objective functions and search algorithms in multi-objective optimization problems","authors":"A. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-75-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-75-85","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. A frequently used method for obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions is to minimize a selected quality index under restrictions of the other quality indices, whose values are thus preset. For a scalar objective function, the global minimum is sought that contains the restricted indices as penalty terms. However, the landscape of such a function has steep-ascent areas, which significantly complicate the search for the global minimum. This work compared the results of various heuristic algorithms in solving problems of this type. In addition, the possibility of solving such problems using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, in which the restrictions are not imposed as the penalty terms, but included into the Lagrange function, was investigated.Methods. The experiments were conducted using two analytically defined objective functions and two objective functions that are encountered in problems of multi-objective optimization of characteristics of analog filters. The corresponding algorithms were realized in the MATLAB environment.Results. The only heuristic algorithm shown to obtain the optimal solutions for all the functions is the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm was applicable to one of the analytically defined objective functions and one of the filter optimization objective functions, as well as appearing to be significantly superior to heuristic algorithms in speed and accuracy of solutions search. However, for the other two functions, this method was found to be incapable of finding correct solutions.Conclusions. A topical problem is the estimation of the applicability of the considered methods to obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions based on preliminary analysis of properties of functions that determine the quality indices.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"7 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132197007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-18-26
A. B. Sorokin, L. Zheleznyak, D. V. Suprunenko, V. V. Kholmogorov
Objectives. When creating models of system dynamics, the basic construct at the design stage is the representation of the process under study in terms of a causal relationship consisting of a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop. The construction of a model of a dynamic environment can experience a number of difficulties in using feedback. This work shows the possibility of designing modules of system dynamics for decision-making systems based on the situational-activity approach. The study proposes the gap in knowledge about models of system dynamics to be filled with a conceptual model of an act of activity, by means of which an expert system can be implemented based on production rules. In this context, conceptual models are applied to human reasoning with reference to certain types of activity. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of applying the situational-active approach to designing models of system dynamics of infectious diseases based on particular representations of the conceptual structure of the act of activity.Methods. By synthesizing Bolotova's situational algorithm and Shchedrovitskiy's system-activity approach, the conceptual structure of the act of activity is presented as a methodology of the situational-activity approach. The analysis of this structure leads to the construction of a plan of processual structure and a plan of analytical relationships. The article proposed a hypothesis that the process representations describe the notation of flows and levels, and the analytical relationships implement differential equations. In order to prove this hypothesis, the subject area of infectious diseases was investigated.Results. Based on the set of these plans, a graphic image was synthesized for constructing models of system dynamics, which is identical to the diagram of flows and levels of development of the SIR process. However, the problem of constructing conceptual structures is nontrivial, complex, and laborious. Therefore, the Designer-Solver-Interpreter software suite was implemented. The software tools enable a visualization of the conceptual structures and implementation of the knowledge bases for expert models of system dynamics. It also tests the completeness and viability of the model.Conclusions. To date, there is no single conceptual structure for designing expert systems and situational and simulation dynamic models. The proposed method and software tools allow these problems to be resolved using the situational-activity method. Various types of dynamics in expert systems interact, thus confirming the reliability of knowledge in the models of system dynamics. The conceptual structures of the act of activity are the core part of designing expert systems, while he derivative process and analytical representations of the act of activity are the core part of developing modules of system dynamics.
{"title":"Designing modules of system dynamics in decision support systems","authors":"A. B. Sorokin, L. Zheleznyak, D. V. Suprunenko, V. V. Kholmogorov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. When creating models of system dynamics, the basic construct at the design stage is the representation of the process under study in terms of a causal relationship consisting of a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop. The construction of a model of a dynamic environment can experience a number of difficulties in using feedback. This work shows the possibility of designing modules of system dynamics for decision-making systems based on the situational-activity approach. The study proposes the gap in knowledge about models of system dynamics to be filled with a conceptual model of an act of activity, by means of which an expert system can be implemented based on production rules. In this context, conceptual models are applied to human reasoning with reference to certain types of activity. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of applying the situational-active approach to designing models of system dynamics of infectious diseases based on particular representations of the conceptual structure of the act of activity.Methods. By synthesizing Bolotova's situational algorithm and Shchedrovitskiy's system-activity approach, the conceptual structure of the act of activity is presented as a methodology of the situational-activity approach. The analysis of this structure leads to the construction of a plan of processual structure and a plan of analytical relationships. The article proposed a hypothesis that the process representations describe the notation of flows and levels, and the analytical relationships implement differential equations. In order to prove this hypothesis, the subject area of infectious diseases was investigated.Results. Based on the set of these plans, a graphic image was synthesized for constructing models of system dynamics, which is identical to the diagram of flows and levels of development of the SIR process. However, the problem of constructing conceptual structures is nontrivial, complex, and laborious. Therefore, the Designer-Solver-Interpreter software suite was implemented. The software tools enable a visualization of the conceptual structures and implementation of the knowledge bases for expert models of system dynamics. It also tests the completeness and viability of the model.Conclusions. To date, there is no single conceptual structure for designing expert systems and situational and simulation dynamic models. The proposed method and software tools allow these problems to be resolved using the situational-activity method. Various types of dynamics in expert systems interact, thus confirming the reliability of knowledge in the models of system dynamics. The conceptual structures of the act of activity are the core part of designing expert systems, while he derivative process and analytical representations of the act of activity are the core part of developing modules of system dynamics.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126604448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-7-17
R. Bolbakov, V. A. Mordvinov, A. D. Makarevich
Objectives. The widespread use of systems for capturing light fields is due to the high quality of the reproduced image. This type of capture, although qualitatively superior to traditional methods to capturing volumetric images, generates a huge amount of data needed to reconstruct the original captured 4D light field. The purpose of the work is to consider traditional and extended to four-dimensional image compression algorithms, to perform a comparative analysis and determine the most suitable.Methods. Mathematical methods of signal processing and methods of statistical analysis are used.Results. Algorithms are compared and analyzed in relation to the compression of four-dimensional light fields using the PSNR metric. The selected evaluation criterion is affected not only by the dimension of the compression algorithm, but also by the distance of the baseline of the capture setting, since the difference between images increases with the distance between the optical centers of each camera matrix. Thus, for installations consisting of an array of machine vision cameras located on racks and placed in a room, the obvious choice would be to use conventional image compression methods. Furthermore, based on the assessment of the arbitrariness of video compression methods, it should be noted that the XVC algorithm remains undervalued, although its results are higher. Algorithm AV1 can be considered the next in order of importance. It has been established that the latest compression algorithms show higher performance if compared to their predecessors. It has also been shown that with a small distance between the optical centers of the captured images, the use of video compression algorithms is preferable to the use of image compression algorithms, since they show better results in both three-dimensional and four-dimensional versions.Conclusions. A comparison of the results obtained shows the need to use algorithms from the video compression family (XVC, AV1) on installations with a long baseline (mounted on camera stands). When working with integrated light field cameras (Lytro) and setting the capture with a short baseline, it is recommended to use image compression algorithms (JPEG). In general, video compression algorithms are recommended, in particular XVC, since on average it shows an acceptable level of PSNR in both the case of a short and long installation baseline.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of compression algorithms for four-dimensional light fields","authors":"R. Bolbakov, V. A. Mordvinov, A. D. Makarevich","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The widespread use of systems for capturing light fields is due to the high quality of the reproduced image. This type of capture, although qualitatively superior to traditional methods to capturing volumetric images, generates a huge amount of data needed to reconstruct the original captured 4D light field. The purpose of the work is to consider traditional and extended to four-dimensional image compression algorithms, to perform a comparative analysis and determine the most suitable.Methods. Mathematical methods of signal processing and methods of statistical analysis are used.Results. Algorithms are compared and analyzed in relation to the compression of four-dimensional light fields using the PSNR metric. The selected evaluation criterion is affected not only by the dimension of the compression algorithm, but also by the distance of the baseline of the capture setting, since the difference between images increases with the distance between the optical centers of each camera matrix. Thus, for installations consisting of an array of machine vision cameras located on racks and placed in a room, the obvious choice would be to use conventional image compression methods. Furthermore, based on the assessment of the arbitrariness of video compression methods, it should be noted that the XVC algorithm remains undervalued, although its results are higher. Algorithm AV1 can be considered the next in order of importance. It has been established that the latest compression algorithms show higher performance if compared to their predecessors. It has also been shown that with a small distance between the optical centers of the captured images, the use of video compression algorithms is preferable to the use of image compression algorithms, since they show better results in both three-dimensional and four-dimensional versions.Conclusions. A comparison of the results obtained shows the need to use algorithms from the video compression family (XVC, AV1) on installations with a long baseline (mounted on camera stands). When working with integrated light field cameras (Lytro) and setting the capture with a short baseline, it is recommended to use image compression algorithms (JPEG). In general, video compression algorithms are recommended, in particular XVC, since on average it shows an acceptable level of PSNR in both the case of a short and long installation baseline.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130981662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-93-102
V. Golovin, S. A. Tyurina, V. A. Shchelkov
Objectives. Scale formation and corrosion are serious problems for heat and power equipment. These processes, when intense, can completely block the operation of the system, accelerating corrosion and leading to clogging, local overheating, and burnouts and ruptures of boilers and pipes, which in turn can lead to major environmental problems. Therefore, protecting surfaces from scale formation and corrosion is an important task. Promising methods for preventing the development of undesirable consequences include changing the composition of polymer coatings, e.g., by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors, as well as surface modification approaches, such as hydrophobization of the polymer coating surface. The purpose of the present work is to analyze methods for reducing scale formation and the rate of corrosion processes, as well as to study the efficiency of modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors.Methods. The study was based on the use of accelerated corrosion tests.Results. Existing methods for reducing scale formation and corrosion rate on the surfaces of heat and power equipment were analyzed. The efficiency of modifying protective polymer materials by introducing microcapsules containing an active phosphonate additive was compared with approaches involving the surface modification of such protective materials.Conclusions. It was determined that the modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated active additives can significantly reduce the rates of both scale formation and corrosion. By implementing stateof-the-art methods for modifying polymer coatings, a new generation of agents for efficiently preventing scale formation and corrosion processes can be developed for maintaining the high performance of heat-exchange equipment.
{"title":"Contemporary approaches to reducing scale formation in heat-exchange equipment","authors":"V. Golovin, S. A. Tyurina, V. A. Shchelkov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-93-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-93-102","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Scale formation and corrosion are serious problems for heat and power equipment. These processes, when intense, can completely block the operation of the system, accelerating corrosion and leading to clogging, local overheating, and burnouts and ruptures of boilers and pipes, which in turn can lead to major environmental problems. Therefore, protecting surfaces from scale formation and corrosion is an important task. Promising methods for preventing the development of undesirable consequences include changing the composition of polymer coatings, e.g., by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors, as well as surface modification approaches, such as hydrophobization of the polymer coating surface. The purpose of the present work is to analyze methods for reducing scale formation and the rate of corrosion processes, as well as to study the efficiency of modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors.Methods. The study was based on the use of accelerated corrosion tests.Results. Existing methods for reducing scale formation and corrosion rate on the surfaces of heat and power equipment were analyzed. The efficiency of modifying protective polymer materials by introducing microcapsules containing an active phosphonate additive was compared with approaches involving the surface modification of such protective materials.Conclusions. It was determined that the modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated active additives can significantly reduce the rates of both scale formation and corrosion. By implementing stateof-the-art methods for modifying polymer coatings, a new generation of agents for efficiently preventing scale formation and corrosion processes can be developed for maintaining the high performance of heat-exchange equipment.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117181151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-103-110
O. Kovalenko, S. Mikaeva, Yu. A. Zhuravleva
Objectives. When used in lighting installations with tubular low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) lamps, electronic ballasts should meet the following basic requirements: low cost, reliable ignition at low temperatures, as well as combining high energy efficiency with reliable lamp operation. As compared with electromagnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts allow the luminous efficiency and power factor of discharge lamps to be increased, reducing the consumption of scarce materials along with the weight of devices. In order to improve their energy efficiency, complete UV lamps are based on low-pressure discharge lamps with pulsed electronic ballasts supplying power at the frequency of 22–50 kHz. Various circuit designs include such basic units as mains filter, rectifier, power factor corrector, smoothing filter, high-frequency converter, ballast, and ignition device. The present study aimed to develop an electronic semiconductor circuit for switching on and powering a discharge lamp of increased energy efficiency using a pulsed electronic ballast.Methods. Classical methods of mathematical research were applied for determining the flux of the 254-nm mercury resonance line using a structural electronic ballast diagram along with a mathematical description and adaptive model.Results. Equations for determining the parameters of pulses formed by an envelope having the form of input voltage and current supplied at industrial frequency were formulated for different instants of time. A mathematical description is given for determining pulse duration and lamp current depending on the values of nominal and operating voltage, as well as nominal current. Diagrams for instantaneous voltage values at the high-frequency switch input and generated pulsed current are presented. The parameters of the ‘UV lamp–electronic ballast’ set were calculated using an adaptive model for determining the flux of the 254-nm mercury resonance line according to the condition of lamp power constancy.Conclusions. Relative values for radiant efficiency of the 254-nm mercury line for UV lamps under study were determined. Theoretical research of electronic ballasts led to the development of a semiconductor switching and power supply circuit for the discharge lamp based on high-frequency rectangular pulses. The parameters of the element base were calculated along with selected basic initial characteristics of the blocking generator.
{"title":"Research and development of pulse electronic control devices with UV lamps","authors":"O. Kovalenko, S. Mikaeva, Yu. A. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-103-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-3-103-110","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. When used in lighting installations with tubular low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) lamps, electronic ballasts should meet the following basic requirements: low cost, reliable ignition at low temperatures, as well as combining high energy efficiency with reliable lamp operation. As compared with electromagnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts allow the luminous efficiency and power factor of discharge lamps to be increased, reducing the consumption of scarce materials along with the weight of devices. In order to improve their energy efficiency, complete UV lamps are based on low-pressure discharge lamps with pulsed electronic ballasts supplying power at the frequency of 22–50 kHz. Various circuit designs include such basic units as mains filter, rectifier, power factor corrector, smoothing filter, high-frequency converter, ballast, and ignition device. The present study aimed to develop an electronic semiconductor circuit for switching on and powering a discharge lamp of increased energy efficiency using a pulsed electronic ballast.Methods. Classical methods of mathematical research were applied for determining the flux of the 254-nm mercury resonance line using a structural electronic ballast diagram along with a mathematical description and adaptive model.Results. Equations for determining the parameters of pulses formed by an envelope having the form of input voltage and current supplied at industrial frequency were formulated for different instants of time. A mathematical description is given for determining pulse duration and lamp current depending on the values of nominal and operating voltage, as well as nominal current. Diagrams for instantaneous voltage values at the high-frequency switch input and generated pulsed current are presented. The parameters of the ‘UV lamp–electronic ballast’ set were calculated using an adaptive model for determining the flux of the 254-nm mercury resonance line according to the condition of lamp power constancy.Conclusions. Relative values for radiant efficiency of the 254-nm mercury line for UV lamps under study were determined. Theoretical research of electronic ballasts led to the development of a semiconductor switching and power supply circuit for the discharge lamp based on high-frequency rectangular pulses. The parameters of the element base were calculated along with selected basic initial characteristics of the blocking generator.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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