Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-60-72
I. M. Sharov, O. Demin, A. A. Sudakov, A. D. Yarlykov
Objectives. Due to the continuous rapid development of renewable energy sources, requirements for secondary power supply systems keep increasing from year to year. Productive uptime for end users is dependent on the efficiency and stability of the power supply system. Such systems should be able to distribute and store energy from renewable sources having various parameters and configurations. Therefore, the present work is aimed at developing technical solutions for efficient uninterruptible secondary power supply systems in low voltage DC networks.Methods. Advanced circuitry solutions are used for performing pulse conversions with high efficiency. The flexible hardware-software system is used for implementing the parameter control system.Results. An uninterruptible power supply for low-voltage DC networks is developed. The description of subsystems and calculations for all main elements including the power ones are given. Using a contemporary component base, the system prototype is assembled, configured, and measured by parameters. The presented solutions allow achieving the universality of the system in terms of the input and output voltage range. Support for the fast-charging Power Delivery protocol is integrated. As well as regulating the battery charging current and voltage, the Li+ battery charging controller permits changes in the number of chargeable cells. The monitoring and control unit monitors network parameters and controls the system automation. Using a microcontroller as the control device, it is possible to easily change control parameters by changing software settings. Dual redundancy of the module monitoring the built-in battery parameters is used to ensure the reliability and safety of system functioning. Support for the standardized I2C communication protocol with a separate power bus allows any necessary sensors to be connected for monitoring system parameters. External high-power devices controlled by a PWM signal may be added, if required. In the paper, the Li+ battery charging profile recommended by the manufacturer is provided.Conclusions. The designed system provides stable power supply to end users at a power consumption up to 40 W for at least 45 min. The automation demonstrates reliable operation.
{"title":"Development and research of uninterruptible power supply system for networks with supply voltage up to 24 V","authors":"I. M. Sharov, O. Demin, A. A. Sudakov, A. D. Yarlykov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-60-72","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Due to the continuous rapid development of renewable energy sources, requirements for secondary power supply systems keep increasing from year to year. Productive uptime for end users is dependent on the efficiency and stability of the power supply system. Such systems should be able to distribute and store energy from renewable sources having various parameters and configurations. Therefore, the present work is aimed at developing technical solutions for efficient uninterruptible secondary power supply systems in low voltage DC networks.Methods. Advanced circuitry solutions are used for performing pulse conversions with high efficiency. The flexible hardware-software system is used for implementing the parameter control system.Results. An uninterruptible power supply for low-voltage DC networks is developed. The description of subsystems and calculations for all main elements including the power ones are given. Using a contemporary component base, the system prototype is assembled, configured, and measured by parameters. The presented solutions allow achieving the universality of the system in terms of the input and output voltage range. Support for the fast-charging Power Delivery protocol is integrated. As well as regulating the battery charging current and voltage, the Li+ battery charging controller permits changes in the number of chargeable cells. The monitoring and control unit monitors network parameters and controls the system automation. Using a microcontroller as the control device, it is possible to easily change control parameters by changing software settings. Dual redundancy of the module monitoring the built-in battery parameters is used to ensure the reliability and safety of system functioning. Support for the standardized I2C communication protocol with a separate power bus allows any necessary sensors to be connected for monitoring system parameters. External high-power devices controlled by a PWM signal may be added, if required. In the paper, the Li+ battery charging profile recommended by the manufacturer is provided.Conclusions. The designed system provides stable power supply to end users at a power consumption up to 40 W for at least 45 min. The automation demonstrates reliable operation.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134268601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-49-59
M. Y. Konopel'kin, S. V. Petrov, D. A. Smirnyagina
Objectives. In 2020, development work on the creation of a Russian computer-assisted design system for radars (radar CAD) was completed. Radar CAD provides extensive opportunities for creating simulation models for developing the hardware-software complex of radar algorithms, which take into account the specific conditions of aerospace environment observation. The purpose of the present work is to review and demonstrate the capabilities of radar CAD in terms of implementing and testing algorithms for processing stochastic signals.Methods. The work is based on the mathematical apparatus of linear algebra. Analysis of algorithms characteristics was carried out using the simulation method.Results. A simulation model of a sector surveillance radar with a digital antenna array was created in the radar CAD visual functional editor. The passive channel included the following algorithms: algorithm for detecting stochastic signals; algorithm for estimating the number of stochastic signals; direction finding algorithm for stochastic signal sources; adaptive spatial filtering algorithm. In the process of simulation, the algorithms for detecting and estimating the number of stochastic signals produced a correct detection sign and an estimate of the number of signals. The direction-finding algorithm estimated the angular position of the sources with an accuracy of fractions of degrees. The adaptive spatial filtering algorithm suppressed interfering signals to a level below the antenna's intrinsic noise power.Conclusions. The processing of various types of signals can be simulated in detail on the basis of the Russian radar CAD system for the development of functional radar models. According to the results of the simulation, coordinates of observing objects were obtained and an assessment of the effectiveness of the algorithms was given. The obtained results are fully consistent with the theoretical prediction. The capabilities of radar CAD systems demonstrated in this work can be used by specialists in the field of radar and signal processing.
{"title":"Implementation of stochastic signal processing algorithms in radar CAD","authors":"M. Y. Konopel'kin, S. V. Petrov, D. A. Smirnyagina","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-49-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-49-59","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. In 2020, development work on the creation of a Russian computer-assisted design system for radars (radar CAD) was completed. Radar CAD provides extensive opportunities for creating simulation models for developing the hardware-software complex of radar algorithms, which take into account the specific conditions of aerospace environment observation. The purpose of the present work is to review and demonstrate the capabilities of radar CAD in terms of implementing and testing algorithms for processing stochastic signals.Methods. The work is based on the mathematical apparatus of linear algebra. Analysis of algorithms characteristics was carried out using the simulation method.Results. A simulation model of a sector surveillance radar with a digital antenna array was created in the radar CAD visual functional editor. The passive channel included the following algorithms: algorithm for detecting stochastic signals; algorithm for estimating the number of stochastic signals; direction finding algorithm for stochastic signal sources; adaptive spatial filtering algorithm. In the process of simulation, the algorithms for detecting and estimating the number of stochastic signals produced a correct detection sign and an estimate of the number of signals. The direction-finding algorithm estimated the angular position of the sources with an accuracy of fractions of degrees. The adaptive spatial filtering algorithm suppressed interfering signals to a level below the antenna's intrinsic noise power.Conclusions. The processing of various types of signals can be simulated in detail on the basis of the Russian radar CAD system for the development of functional radar models. According to the results of the simulation, coordinates of observing objects were obtained and an assessment of the effectiveness of the algorithms was given. The obtained results are fully consistent with the theoretical prediction. The capabilities of radar CAD systems demonstrated in this work can be used by specialists in the field of radar and signal processing.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128643718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-111-120
E. Novoselova, N. Chernova, N. V. Katakhova
Objectives. The paper analyzes core axiological aspects of Spanish teaching in higher educational institutions of the Soviet Union from the 1930s to the early 1980s based on various sources including textbooks, tutorials, etc. Methods. The study is based on textual-analytic, historical-comparative, and structural methods.Results. Scientific-pedagogical and sociological aspects of the subject are distinguished. The former are limited to the internal developmental logic of Spanish studies, while the latter refers to external circumstances, including ideological factors. The literature review shows that Spanish teaching in the USSR progressed topically from simple manuals aimed at consolidating linguistic basics to a more rigorous pedagogical development of Spanish language studies (grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, etc.) The authors identify two significant periods in the development of Soviet Spanish studies, with the first phase extending from the 1930s to the early 1960s, and the second—from the 1960s to the early 1980s.Conclusions. The analysis showed that the formation and development of each period is associated with such events as the Spanish Civil War and the victory of the Cuban Revolution, which are not directly related to Spanish teaching. The first event coincided with the beginning of systematic Spanish teaching at the USSR universities, while the second redirected this process from Castilian to Latin American Spanish. However, the analysis of textbook and tutorial materials convincingly demonstrates that this process of redirection, which mainly concerns the selection of textual materials, remains incomplete. This supports a conclusion concerning the limited impact of ideology on the internal logic of the Spanish studies development in the USSR.
{"title":"Axiological aspects of teaching Spanish in the Soviet Union","authors":"E. Novoselova, N. Chernova, N. V. Katakhova","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-111-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-111-120","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The paper analyzes core axiological aspects of Spanish teaching in higher educational institutions of the Soviet Union from the 1930s to the early 1980s based on various sources including textbooks, tutorials, etc. Methods. The study is based on textual-analytic, historical-comparative, and structural methods.Results. Scientific-pedagogical and sociological aspects of the subject are distinguished. The former are limited to the internal developmental logic of Spanish studies, while the latter refers to external circumstances, including ideological factors. The literature review shows that Spanish teaching in the USSR progressed topically from simple manuals aimed at consolidating linguistic basics to a more rigorous pedagogical development of Spanish language studies (grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, etc.) The authors identify two significant periods in the development of Soviet Spanish studies, with the first phase extending from the 1930s to the early 1960s, and the second—from the 1960s to the early 1980s.Conclusions. The analysis showed that the formation and development of each period is associated with such events as the Spanish Civil War and the victory of the Cuban Revolution, which are not directly related to Spanish teaching. The first event coincided with the beginning of systematic Spanish teaching at the USSR universities, while the second redirected this process from Castilian to Latin American Spanish. However, the analysis of textbook and tutorial materials convincingly demonstrates that this process of redirection, which mainly concerns the selection of textual materials, remains incomplete. This supports a conclusion concerning the limited impact of ideology on the internal logic of the Spanish studies development in the USSR.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121243733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-100-110
V. Sterlyadkin, K. V. Kulikovsky
Objectives. Capillary waves on the sea surface play an important role in remote sensing, both in the optical and microwave wavelength ranges. However, processes of electromagnetic radiation scattering on a rough sea surface cannot be studied in the absence of reliable monitoring of the parameters of these capillary waves under natural conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop methods for such monitoring purposes and test them under laboratory and field conditions.Methods. Novel laser-based methods for recording capillary waves at frequencies up to 100 Hz were developed in the laboratory. The proposed remote methods, which do not interfere with the sea surface, are based on the recording of scattered laser radiation using a video camera.Results. Under laboratory conditions, spatial profiles, time dependences of heights for all points of a laser sweep trajectory, and frequency power spectra were obtained. It is shown that slopes in capillary waves can reach 30° and that the amplitude of capillary waves at frequencies above 25 Hz does not exceed 0.5 mm. A new version of a scanning laser wave recorder was tested under natural conditions on an offshore platform. The measurements confirmed the possibility of measuring the parameters of sea waves on spatial scales covering 3 orders of magnitude: from units of millimeters to units of meters.Conclusions. The developed wave recorder can be used to carry out direct measurements of “instantaneous” sea surface profiles with a time synchronization precision of 10-4 s and a spatial accuracy of better than 0.5 mm. The method makes it possible to obtain large series (21000) of «instantaneous» wave profiles with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which opens up opportunities for studying the physics of wave evolution and the influence of wave parameters on the scattering of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of the method is the direct nature of the measurement of applicates and other wave characteristics not only in time but also in space. The entirely remote method does not distort the properties of the surface and is not affected by wind, waves, or sea currents. The possibility of using the proposed method under natural conditions at any time of the day and in a wide range of weather conditions has been experimentally ascertained.
{"title":"Measurement of capillary waves with a laser wave recorder","authors":"V. Sterlyadkin, K. V. Kulikovsky","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-100-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-100-110","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Capillary waves on the sea surface play an important role in remote sensing, both in the optical and microwave wavelength ranges. However, processes of electromagnetic radiation scattering on a rough sea surface cannot be studied in the absence of reliable monitoring of the parameters of these capillary waves under natural conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop methods for such monitoring purposes and test them under laboratory and field conditions.Methods. Novel laser-based methods for recording capillary waves at frequencies up to 100 Hz were developed in the laboratory. The proposed remote methods, which do not interfere with the sea surface, are based on the recording of scattered laser radiation using a video camera.Results. Under laboratory conditions, spatial profiles, time dependences of heights for all points of a laser sweep trajectory, and frequency power spectra were obtained. It is shown that slopes in capillary waves can reach 30° and that the amplitude of capillary waves at frequencies above 25 Hz does not exceed 0.5 mm. A new version of a scanning laser wave recorder was tested under natural conditions on an offshore platform. The measurements confirmed the possibility of measuring the parameters of sea waves on spatial scales covering 3 orders of magnitude: from units of millimeters to units of meters.Conclusions. The developed wave recorder can be used to carry out direct measurements of “instantaneous” sea surface profiles with a time synchronization precision of 10-4 s and a spatial accuracy of better than 0.5 mm. The method makes it possible to obtain large series (21000) of «instantaneous» wave profiles with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which opens up opportunities for studying the physics of wave evolution and the influence of wave parameters on the scattering of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of the method is the direct nature of the measurement of applicates and other wave characteristics not only in time but also in space. The entirely remote method does not distort the properties of the surface and is not affected by wind, waves, or sea currents. The possibility of using the proposed method under natural conditions at any time of the day and in a wide range of weather conditions has been experimentally ascertained.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117099251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-28-37
E. Yamashkina, S. Yamashkin, O. V. Platonova, S. Kovalenko
Objectives. The paper aimed to develop and validate a neural network model for spatial data analysis. The advantage of the proposed model is the presence of a large number of degrees of freedom allowing its flexible configuration depending on the specific problem. This development is part of the knowledge base of a deep machine learning model repository including a dynamic visualization subsystem based on adaptive web interfaces allowing interactive direct editing of the architecture and topology of neural network models.Methods. The presented solution to the problem of improving the accuracy of spatial data analysis and classification is based on a geosystem approach for analyzing the genetic homogeneity of territorial-adjacent entities of different scales and hierarchies. The publicly available EuroSAT dataset used for initial validation of the proposed methodology is based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for training and testing machine learning models aimed at classifying land use/land cover systems. The ontological model of the repository including the developed model is decomposed into domains of deep machine learning models, project tasks and data, thus providing a comprehensive definition of the formalizing area of knowledge. Each stored neural network model is mapped to a set of specific tasks and datasets. Results. Model validation for the EuroSAT dataset algorithmically extended in terms of the geosystem approach allows classification accuracy to be improved under training data shortage within 9% while maintaining the accuracy of ResNet50 and GoogleNet deep learning models.Conclusions. The implemention of the developed model into the repository enhances the knowledge base of models for spatial data analysis as well as allowing the selection of efficient models for solving problems in the digital economy.
{"title":"Development of a neural network model for spatial data analysis","authors":"E. Yamashkina, S. Yamashkin, O. V. Platonova, S. Kovalenko","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-28-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-28-37","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The paper aimed to develop and validate a neural network model for spatial data analysis. The advantage of the proposed model is the presence of a large number of degrees of freedom allowing its flexible configuration depending on the specific problem. This development is part of the knowledge base of a deep machine learning model repository including a dynamic visualization subsystem based on adaptive web interfaces allowing interactive direct editing of the architecture and topology of neural network models.Methods. The presented solution to the problem of improving the accuracy of spatial data analysis and classification is based on a geosystem approach for analyzing the genetic homogeneity of territorial-adjacent entities of different scales and hierarchies. The publicly available EuroSAT dataset used for initial validation of the proposed methodology is based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for training and testing machine learning models aimed at classifying land use/land cover systems. The ontological model of the repository including the developed model is decomposed into domains of deep machine learning models, project tasks and data, thus providing a comprehensive definition of the formalizing area of knowledge. Each stored neural network model is mapped to a set of specific tasks and datasets. Results. Model validation for the EuroSAT dataset algorithmically extended in terms of the geosystem approach allows classification accuracy to be improved under training data shortage within 9% while maintaining the accuracy of ResNet50 and GoogleNet deep learning models.Conclusions. The implemention of the developed model into the repository enhances the knowledge base of models for spatial data analysis as well as allowing the selection of efficient models for solving problems in the digital economy.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-92-99
M. Nazarenko
Objectives. When designing production equipment for the implementation of metal film deposition processes, the selection of technological sources for providing the required quality (structure, appearance), maximum process efficiency, and productivity, poses a challenging task. Since laboratory results often differ from issues faced in production processes, this choice becomes even more difficult under real production conditions due to a lack of sources for comparison. The purpose of the present work is therefore to compare magnetron deposition methods under real industrial conditions (planar extended magnetron, liquid-phase magnetron and cylindrical magnetron with a rotating cathode), identify their advantages and disadvantages along with features of thus-formed metal films, analyze the economic feasibility of each variant, and give practical recommendations for selecting a source when implementing the described process.Methods. Films were deposited using magnetron sputtering system. Roughness was measured using a MarSurf PS1 profilometer. The structure of the films was studied using a Hitachi SU1510 scanning electron microscope. Film thicknesses were measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis using a Fisherscope X-RAY XDV-SDD measuring instrument.Results. Sources of magnetron sputtering for the high-rate deposition of metallization layers under industrial conditions are considered. Obtained samples were compared according to the following criteria: deposition rate while maintaining the required quality, surface defects, film grain size, roughness, uniformity of the deposited layer, deposition efficiency (the ratio of the metal deposited directly onto the substrate to the amount of metal produced during the process). A comparison of the characteristics showed that the deposition rate for the liquid-phase magnetron is commensurate with the similar parameter for the cylindrical magnetron, exceeding the rate for the classical planar magnetron by about 4 times while maintaining the uniform appearance of the samples. The samples deposited with a liquid-phase magnetron had the highest roughness and the largest grain size. Although the cheapest method, liquid-phase magnetron sputtering achieved the lowest sputtering efficiency.Conclusions. The choice of the deposition method depends on the problem to be solved. The rotatable magnetron system can be considered optimal in terms of cost, deposition rate, and quality of the deposited layers. Liquid-phase magnetron sputtering is recommended for low-cost high-speed deposition where there are no strict requirements for appearance, or in case of operation of small-sized equipment.
目标。在设计实施金属膜沉积工艺的生产设备时，选择技术来源以提供所需的质量(结构，外观)，最大的工艺效率和生产率，是一项具有挑战性的任务。由于实验室结果往往与生产过程中面临的问题不同，由于缺乏比较来源，在实际生产条件下，这种选择变得更加困难。因此，本工作的目的是比较实际工业条件下的磁控管沉积方法(平面扩展磁控管、液相磁控管和带旋转阴极的圆柱形磁控管)，确定它们的优缺点以及由此形成的金属薄膜的特征，分析每种方法的经济可行性，并给出实施所述工艺时选择源的实用建议。采用磁控溅射系统沉积薄膜。使用MarSurf PS1轮廓仪测量粗糙度。利用日立SU1510扫描电子显微镜对膜的结构进行了研究。采用fishscope x - XDV-SDD测量仪进行x射线荧光分析测定膜厚。讨论了工业条件下高速率金属化层磁控溅射的来源。根据以下标准对获得的样品进行比较:在保持所需质量的情况下的沉积速率、表面缺陷、薄膜晶粒尺寸、粗糙度、沉积层的均匀性、沉积效率(直接沉积在基材上的金属与过程中产生的金属量的比率)。结果表明，液相磁控管的沉积速率与圆柱形磁控管的相似参数相当，在保持样品均匀外观的情况下，其沉积速率是传统平面磁控管的4倍左右。液相磁控管沉积的样品具有最高的粗糙度和最大的晶粒尺寸。液相磁控溅射虽然是最便宜的溅射方法，但溅射效率却最低。沉积方法的选择取决于要解决的问题。可旋转磁控管系统在成本、沉积速率和沉积层质量方面被认为是最优的。在对外观要求不严格的低成本高速沉积或小型设备运行的情况下，建议采用液相磁控溅射。
{"title":"Comparison of magnetron sputtering systems for high-rate deposition of thick copper layers for microelectronic applications","authors":"M. Nazarenko","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-92-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-92-99","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. When designing production equipment for the implementation of metal film deposition processes, the selection of technological sources for providing the required quality (structure, appearance), maximum process efficiency, and productivity, poses a challenging task. Since laboratory results often differ from issues faced in production processes, this choice becomes even more difficult under real production conditions due to a lack of sources for comparison. The purpose of the present work is therefore to compare magnetron deposition methods under real industrial conditions (planar extended magnetron, liquid-phase magnetron and cylindrical magnetron with a rotating cathode), identify their advantages and disadvantages along with features of thus-formed metal films, analyze the economic feasibility of each variant, and give practical recommendations for selecting a source when implementing the described process.Methods. Films were deposited using magnetron sputtering system. Roughness was measured using a MarSurf PS1 profilometer. The structure of the films was studied using a Hitachi SU1510 scanning electron microscope. Film thicknesses were measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis using a Fisherscope X-RAY XDV-SDD measuring instrument.Results. Sources of magnetron sputtering for the high-rate deposition of metallization layers under industrial conditions are considered. Obtained samples were compared according to the following criteria: deposition rate while maintaining the required quality, surface defects, film grain size, roughness, uniformity of the deposited layer, deposition efficiency (the ratio of the metal deposited directly onto the substrate to the amount of metal produced during the process). A comparison of the characteristics showed that the deposition rate for the liquid-phase magnetron is commensurate with the similar parameter for the cylindrical magnetron, exceeding the rate for the classical planar magnetron by about 4 times while maintaining the uniform appearance of the samples. The samples deposited with a liquid-phase magnetron had the highest roughness and the largest grain size. Although the cheapest method, liquid-phase magnetron sputtering achieved the lowest sputtering efficiency.Conclusions. The choice of the deposition method depends on the problem to be solved. The rotatable magnetron system can be considered optimal in terms of cost, deposition rate, and quality of the deposited layers. Liquid-phase magnetron sputtering is recommended for low-cost high-speed deposition where there are no strict requirements for appearance, or in case of operation of small-sized equipment.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130489642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-38-48
M. A. Volkova, M. P. Romanov, A. M. Bychkov
Objectives. Sports events are currently among the most promising areas for the application of tracking systems. In most cases, such systems are designed to track moving objects in a two-dimensional plane, e.g., players on the field, as well as to identify them by various features. However, as new sports such as drone racing are developed, the problem of determining the position of an object in a three-dimensional coordinate system becomes relevant. The aim of the present work was to develop algorithms and software for a method to perform 3D tracking of moving objects, regardless of the data segmentation technique, and to test this method to estimate the tracking quality.Methods. A method for matching information on the speed and position of objects was selected based on a review and analysis of contemporary tracking methods.Results. The structure of a set of algorithms comprising software for a moving-object tracker for sports events is proposed. Experimental studies were performed on the publicly available APIDIS dataset, where a MOTA metric of 0.858 was obtained. The flight of an FPV quadcopter along a track was also tracked according to the proposed dataset; the 3D path of the drone flight was reconstructed using the tracker data.Conclusions. The results of the experimental studies, which demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed method to track a quadcopter flight trajectory in a three-dimensional world coordinate system, is also showed that the method is suitable for tracking objects at sports events.
{"title":"3D object tracker for sports events","authors":"M. A. Volkova, M. P. Romanov, A. M. Bychkov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-38-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-38-48","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Sports events are currently among the most promising areas for the application of tracking systems. In most cases, such systems are designed to track moving objects in a two-dimensional plane, e.g., players on the field, as well as to identify them by various features. However, as new sports such as drone racing are developed, the problem of determining the position of an object in a three-dimensional coordinate system becomes relevant. The aim of the present work was to develop algorithms and software for a method to perform 3D tracking of moving objects, regardless of the data segmentation technique, and to test this method to estimate the tracking quality.Methods. A method for matching information on the speed and position of objects was selected based on a review and analysis of contemporary tracking methods.Results. The structure of a set of algorithms comprising software for a moving-object tracker for sports events is proposed. Experimental studies were performed on the publicly available APIDIS dataset, where a MOTA metric of 0.858 was obtained. The flight of an FPV quadcopter along a track was also tracked according to the proposed dataset; the 3D path of the drone flight was reconstructed using the tracker data.Conclusions. The results of the experimental studies, which demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed method to track a quadcopter flight trajectory in a three-dimensional world coordinate system, is also showed that the method is suitable for tracking objects at sports events.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114736259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-16-27
D. Ilin
Objectives. Ready-made information technology solutions used when developing software have various characteristics depending on the objectives to be experimentally obtained. While the selection of appropriate technologies and software tools used in experimental software engineering can be time-consuming, experimental complexity can be reduced by providing the researcher with domain-specific tools. The aim of the study is to design and develop a domain-specific software framework for experimental evaluation of the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment.Methods. To determine the required characteristics of the software framework, an analysis of software tools for conducting experimental studies to evaluate the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment was conducted. Methods of decomposition, structural design, and software development were applied to design and develop the framework.Results. A software framework for conducting experimental research has been developed. The design results, key features of the framework and a description of the functionality are presented. The implementation of the framework comprises commands for managing virtual machines and commands for scaffolding. A technique for conducting experimental studies using the framework is proposed.Conclusions. The developed domain-specific software framework addresses shortcomings of existing tools to reduce labor costs when conducting experiments to evaluate information technology solutions. The developed framework and proposed methodology allows the number of programming and markup languages required for setting up a software experiment to be reduced from 3 to 1.
{"title":"Framework for experimental evaluation of software solutions in a virtual environment","authors":"D. Ilin","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-16-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-16-27","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Ready-made information technology solutions used when developing software have various characteristics depending on the objectives to be experimentally obtained. While the selection of appropriate technologies and software tools used in experimental software engineering can be time-consuming, experimental complexity can be reduced by providing the researcher with domain-specific tools. The aim of the study is to design and develop a domain-specific software framework for experimental evaluation of the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment.Methods. To determine the required characteristics of the software framework, an analysis of software tools for conducting experimental studies to evaluate the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment was conducted. Methods of decomposition, structural design, and software development were applied to design and develop the framework.Results. A software framework for conducting experimental research has been developed. The design results, key features of the framework and a description of the functionality are presented. The implementation of the framework comprises commands for managing virtual machines and commands for scaffolding. A technique for conducting experimental studies using the framework is proposed.Conclusions. The developed domain-specific software framework addresses shortcomings of existing tools to reduce labor costs when conducting experiments to evaluate information technology solutions. The developed framework and proposed methodology allows the number of programming and markup languages required for setting up a software experiment to be reduced from 3 to 1.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-38-43
A. Shchukin, A. E. Pavlov
Objectives. One of the most important tasks in the development of goniometric systems is improving resolution in terms of angular coordinates. This can be achieved in two ways: firstly, by increasing the aperture, which is very expensive and often technically challenging to implement; secondly, with the help of digital signal processing methods. If the recorded signal sources are located close to each other and not resolved by the Rayleigh criterion, it can be impossible to determine their number, location and reflection characteristics. The aim of the present work is to develop a digital signal processing algorithm for obtaining angular superresolution.Methods. Mathematical methods for solving inverse problems are used to overcome the Rayleigh criterion, i.e., obtain angular superresolution. These problems are unstable, since there is an infinite number of approximate solutions and false targets may occur. The search for the optimal solution is carried out by minimizing the standard deviation.Results. A description of a mathematical model for a goniometric system is presented. A signal processing algorithm is developed based on existing methods according to the principle of parameterization of user functions. Results of numerical experiments for achieving superresolution by algebraic methods are given along with an estimation of solution stability. The accuracy and correspondence of the amplitude of the obtained objects to the initial parameters are measured. The degree of excess of the Rayleigh criterion by the obtained solution is estimated.Conclusions. Algebraic methods can be used to obtain stable solutions with angular superresolution. The results obtained correctly reflect the location of objects with a minor error. Errors in the distribution of the signal amplitude are small, appearing false targets have negligible amplitude.
{"title":"Parameterization of user functions in digital signal processing for obtaining angular superresolution","authors":"A. Shchukin, A. E. Pavlov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-38-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-38-43","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. One of the most important tasks in the development of goniometric systems is improving resolution in terms of angular coordinates. This can be achieved in two ways: firstly, by increasing the aperture, which is very expensive and often technically challenging to implement; secondly, with the help of digital signal processing methods. If the recorded signal sources are located close to each other and not resolved by the Rayleigh criterion, it can be impossible to determine their number, location and reflection characteristics. The aim of the present work is to develop a digital signal processing algorithm for obtaining angular superresolution.Methods. Mathematical methods for solving inverse problems are used to overcome the Rayleigh criterion, i.e., obtain angular superresolution. These problems are unstable, since there is an infinite number of approximate solutions and false targets may occur. The search for the optimal solution is carried out by minimizing the standard deviation.Results. A description of a mathematical model for a goniometric system is presented. A signal processing algorithm is developed based on existing methods according to the principle of parameterization of user functions. Results of numerical experiments for achieving superresolution by algebraic methods are given along with an estimation of solution stability. The accuracy and correspondence of the amplitude of the obtained objects to the initial parameters are measured. The degree of excess of the Rayleigh criterion by the obtained solution is estimated.Conclusions. Algebraic methods can be used to obtain stable solutions with angular superresolution. The results obtained correctly reflect the location of objects with a minor error. Errors in the distribution of the signal amplitude are small, appearing false targets have negligible amplitude.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-93-100
A. Sigov, I. V. Gladyshev, A. Yurasov
Objectives. Nanoelectronics is concerned with the development of physical and technological foundations for the creation of integrated circuits comprised of elements whose topological dimensions do not exceed 100 nm. Nanotechnology includes the creation and use of materials, devices and technical systems whose functioning is determined by their nanostructure, i.e., comprising ordered fragments ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size. The present research is aimed at developing a concept for training highly qualified specialists in the field of nanoelectronics and nanotechnologies on the example of the Department of Nanoelectronics of the Institute of Advanced Technologies and Industrial Programming at the MIREA - Russian Technological University.Methods. Promising approaches for supporting the educational process within the nanoindustry are analyzed and compared.Results. Three fundamental components of education in the field of nanoindustry can be distinguished: physical (the study and search for new promising physical effects); materials science, related to the study, search, and synthesis of new advanced materials; informatics (including mastering of modern software packages and programming languages for modeling a wide range of nanoindustry elements and materials).Conclusions. All three fundamental components of education within nanoindustry have been effectively implemented by combining scientific laboratories and centers at the Department of Nanoelectronics. After graduating from the Department of Nanoelectronics, graduates can work for leading scientific institutes and technical organizations in Russia, intern at specialized organizations in neighboring and other countries, teach at leading universities, and start their own knowledge-intensive business.
{"title":"Nanoelectronics and nanotechnology: promising approaches in the educational process","authors":"A. Sigov, I. V. Gladyshev, A. Yurasov","doi":"10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-93-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-93-100","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Nanoelectronics is concerned with the development of physical and technological foundations for the creation of integrated circuits comprised of elements whose topological dimensions do not exceed 100 nm. Nanotechnology includes the creation and use of materials, devices and technical systems whose functioning is determined by their nanostructure, i.e., comprising ordered fragments ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size. The present research is aimed at developing a concept for training highly qualified specialists in the field of nanoelectronics and nanotechnologies on the example of the Department of Nanoelectronics of the Institute of Advanced Technologies and Industrial Programming at the MIREA - Russian Technological University.Methods. Promising approaches for supporting the educational process within the nanoindustry are analyzed and compared.Results. Three fundamental components of education in the field of nanoindustry can be distinguished: physical (the study and search for new promising physical effects); materials science, related to the study, search, and synthesis of new advanced materials; informatics (including mastering of modern software packages and programming languages for modeling a wide range of nanoindustry elements and materials).Conclusions. All three fundamental components of education within nanoindustry have been effectively implemented by combining scientific laboratories and centers at the Department of Nanoelectronics. After graduating from the Department of Nanoelectronics, graduates can work for leading scientific institutes and technical organizations in Russia, intern at specialized organizations in neighboring and other countries, teach at leading universities, and start their own knowledge-intensive business.","PeriodicalId":282368,"journal":{"name":"Russian Technological Journal","volume":"90 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129983780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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