Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000275
I. İ. Öztürk, Muazzez GÜRGAN ESER
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-bacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Bismuth(III) Complexes Based on 5-chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole","authors":"I. İ. Öztürk, Muazzez GÜRGAN ESER","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000275","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"tr\" />","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130003952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000266
Erhan Cetin, C. Baykasoğlu
Thin-walled tubes are widely used as passive energy-absorbing structures in a variety of industries. These structures are typically filled with lightweight materials to improve their energy absorption capabilities. At this point, additive manufacturing technology offers a great chance to researchers for the production of novel filler structures to increase the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled tubes. In the current work, additive manufacturable body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structures are suggested as filling materials for tubes, and the bending response of these structures are investigated under transverse loads via finite element modeling approach. The aspect ratio and strut diameter are considered as design parameters, and three-point bending simulations are conducted to understand transverse load bearing behaviors of the structures. Different loading offsets are also taken into account for three-point bending simulations. The numerical results revealed that the BCC lattice structures used as filler materials significantly increase the energy absorption performance of thin-walled tubes due to synergetic interactions. In particular, the results showed that the hybrid tubes can absorb up to 84% more energy than the empty tubes, while the crush force efficiency of these structures is up to 42% higher compared to the empty tubes. The present study also showed that the transverse crushing characteristics of tubes can be considerably improved by suitable selection of the design parameters. These primary outcomes reveal that the proposed lattice structures can be considered as a potential alternative to traditional filler materials for enhancing the bending response of thin-walled tubes under transverse loading.
{"title":"Bending Response of Lattice Structure Filled Tubes under Transverse Loading","authors":"Erhan Cetin, C. Baykasoğlu","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000266","url":null,"abstract":"Thin-walled tubes are widely used as passive energy-absorbing structures in a variety of industries. These structures are typically filled with lightweight materials to improve their energy absorption capabilities. At this point, additive manufacturing technology offers a great chance to researchers for the production of novel filler structures to increase the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled tubes. In the current work, additive manufacturable body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structures are suggested as filling materials for tubes, and the bending response of these structures are investigated under transverse loads via finite element modeling approach. The aspect ratio and strut diameter are considered as design parameters, and three-point bending simulations are conducted to understand transverse load bearing behaviors of the structures. Different loading offsets are also taken into account for three-point bending simulations. The numerical results revealed that the BCC lattice structures used as filler materials significantly increase the energy absorption performance of thin-walled tubes due to synergetic interactions. In particular, the results showed that the hybrid tubes can absorb up to 84% more energy than the empty tubes, while the crush force efficiency of these structures is up to 42% higher compared to the empty tubes. The present study also showed that the transverse crushing characteristics of tubes can be considerably improved by suitable selection of the design parameters. These primary outcomes reveal that the proposed lattice structures can be considered as a potential alternative to traditional filler materials for enhancing the bending response of thin-walled tubes under transverse loading.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127217241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000265
Levent Kartal
In this study, calciothermic single phase iron boride(Fe2B) production was investigated in a scalable molten salt system, starting from inexpensive, easily accessible oxide materials. First, the formation of Fe2B was examined in detail in the light of thermodynamic data and literature. After, effects of CaO amount (0-10 wt.%) and time (30-60 min) on particle synthesis were investigated under at constant 3.0 V cell voltage and 1273 K temperature. It was determined that the average current increased continuously with the increase in the amount of CaO, and the current efficiency increased up to 7% by weight of CaO. After the CaO ratio was determined, the effect of the electrolysis duration was examined. In durations experiments, it has been observed that, in 30 minutes’ duration, the particles are composed of Fe, Fe2B and FeB, and by increasing the experiment time to 60 min, single-phase Fe2B particles are obtained. The magnetic properties of the single-phase Fe2B particles obtained at the end of the experiment period of 60 minutes were investigated by VSM. The saturation magnetization, permanent magnetization and coercivity values of the Fe2B particles were determined as 90.718 emu/g, 33.311 Oe, 1.684 emu/g, respectively.
{"title":"Single Fe2B phase particle production by calciothermic reduction in molten salt","authors":"Levent Kartal","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000265","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, calciothermic single phase iron boride(Fe2B) production was investigated in a scalable molten salt system, starting from inexpensive, easily accessible oxide materials. First, the formation of Fe2B was examined in detail in the light of thermodynamic data and literature. After, effects of CaO amount (0-10 wt.%) and time (30-60 min) on particle synthesis were investigated under at constant 3.0 V cell voltage and 1273 K temperature. It was determined that the average current increased continuously with the increase in the amount of CaO, and the current efficiency increased up to 7% by weight of CaO. After the CaO ratio was determined, the effect of the electrolysis duration was examined. In durations experiments, it has been observed that, in 30 minutes’ duration, the particles are composed of Fe, Fe2B and FeB, and by increasing the experiment time to 60 min, single-phase Fe2B particles are obtained. The magnetic properties of the single-phase Fe2B particles obtained at the end of the experiment period of 60 minutes were investigated by VSM. The saturation magnetization, permanent magnetization and coercivity values of the Fe2B particles were determined as 90.718 emu/g, 33.311 Oe, 1.684 emu/g, respectively.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000260
I.P. Duru
Defect-induced magnetic phases of 2D and 3D MnB were discussed. The exciting ferromagnetic behavior of MnB MBene is particularly tracked, including high-rated Mn defects via ab-initio calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Ground state solution was achieved through GGA in PBESol scheme resulting in magnetic state and moments of Mn ions including the density of states around Fermi level. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization behavior related to temperature was obtained through Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heisenberg model applying Metropolis criteria. The authors focused on controlling the Curie temperature considering the location of Mn defects. The coexistence of the various defect locations opened a realistic window to estimate Curie temperature consistent with experimental values. Exchange energies of 2D MnB different defect locations quite differ from each other. In addition, magnetic moments of the sheet material were found to be higher than 3D bulk MnB.
{"title":"Electronic and magnetic properties of 2D/3D MnB: An Ab-initio & Monte Carlo study","authors":"I.P. Duru","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000260","url":null,"abstract":"Defect-induced magnetic phases of 2D and 3D MnB were discussed. The exciting ferromagnetic behavior of MnB MBene is particularly tracked, including high-rated Mn defects via ab-initio calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Ground state solution was achieved through GGA in PBESol scheme resulting in magnetic state and moments of Mn ions including the density of states around Fermi level. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization behavior related to temperature was obtained through Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heisenberg model applying Metropolis criteria. The authors focused on controlling the Curie temperature considering the location of Mn defects. The coexistence of the various defect locations opened a realistic window to estimate Curie temperature consistent with experimental values. Exchange energies of 2D MnB different defect locations quite differ from each other. In addition, magnetic moments of the sheet material were found to be higher than 3D bulk MnB.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124160703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000258
M. Gök, Ö. Cihan
Aircraft are subjected to an impact load during landing. This situation becomes more important for unmanned aerial vehicles that are remotely controlled and must serve in extreme conditions. Because the landing gear should absorb this impact load as much as possible and prevent damage to the unmanned aerial vehicle body and its components. In this study, a landing gear design has been developed for unmanned aerial vehicles that can absorb more impact load during landing. Numerical analyzes were performed to determine the fatigue life and the maximum impact load that the developed design can withstand. In addition, a conventional landing gear was modeled and the results were compared. The properties of 7075-T6 Aluminum alloy were used as the landing gear material. As a result of the finite element analyzes made with Ansys software, it has been understood that the newly designed landing gear can absorb more energy than the conventional landing gear. It has also been determined that it can be used at values up to 3700N impact load.
{"title":"A novel design and structural analysis of spring landing gear for unmanned air vehicles","authors":"M. Gök, Ö. Cihan","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000258","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft are subjected to an impact load during landing. This situation becomes more important for unmanned aerial vehicles that are remotely controlled and must serve in extreme conditions. Because the landing gear should absorb this impact load as much as possible and prevent damage to the unmanned aerial vehicle body and its components. In this study, a landing gear design has been developed for unmanned aerial vehicles that can absorb more impact load during landing. Numerical analyzes were performed to determine the fatigue life and the maximum impact load that the developed design can withstand. In addition, a conventional landing gear was modeled and the results were compared. The properties of 7075-T6 Aluminum alloy were used as the landing gear material. As a result of the finite element analyzes made with Ansys software, it has been understood that the newly designed landing gear can absorb more energy than the conventional landing gear. It has also been determined that it can be used at values up to 3700N impact load.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122821323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000263
M. Ekinci, Abdurrahman Akman
Many hazardous substances are produced, stored and transported in the chemical industry. With the release of these hazardous substances as a result of any uncontrolled development, fire, explosion and toxic spread may occur depending on the nature of the chemical substance. This, in turn, can harm employees, people around, the environment and the economy. In this study, the release of ammonia, which has many uses, has been investigated. Ammonia is a flammable and highly toxic substance. As a result of the accidental releasing of ammonia, a fire event can be prevented by measures such as not keeping the ignition sources in the environment. However, although its ignition is prevented, it can cause harm to the people and environment due to its highly toxic nature. Knowing how much area it affects after spreading will shed light on the measures to be taken to prevent or reduce the damages that may occur. In this study, the toxicity of ammonia was taken into account, and the effect of storage temperature on the size of the toxic area to be formed was investigated. This effect was examined with Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) and DOW’s Chemical Exposure Index (DOW CEI) methods, and the results obtained with both methods were compared.
{"title":"The effect of storage temperature on threat zone caused by an ammonia release from a storage tank","authors":"M. Ekinci, Abdurrahman Akman","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000263","url":null,"abstract":"Many hazardous substances are produced, stored and transported in the chemical industry. With the release of these hazardous substances as a result of any uncontrolled development, fire, explosion and toxic spread may occur depending on the nature of the chemical substance. This, in turn, can harm employees, people around, the environment and the economy. In this study, the release of ammonia, which has many uses, has been investigated. Ammonia is a flammable and highly toxic substance. As a result of the accidental releasing of ammonia, a fire event can be prevented by measures such as not keeping the ignition sources in the environment. However, although its ignition is prevented, it can cause harm to the people and environment due to its highly toxic nature. Knowing how much area it affects after spreading will shed light on the measures to be taken to prevent or reduce the damages that may occur. In this study, the toxicity of ammonia was taken into account, and the effect of storage temperature on the size of the toxic area to be formed was investigated. This effect was examined with Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) and DOW’s Chemical Exposure Index (DOW CEI) methods, and the results obtained with both methods were compared.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126168968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000257
Yıldıran Yılmaz, Selim Buyrukoğlu
Internet of Things that process tremendous confidential data have difficulty performing traditional security algorithms, thus their security is at risk. The security tasks to be added to these devices should be able to operate without disturbing the smooth operation of the system so that the availability of the system will not be impaired. While various attack detection systems can detect attacks with high accuracy rates, it is often impossible to integrate them into IoT devices. Therefore, in this work, the new DDOS detection models using feature selection and learning algorithms jointly are proposed to detect DDOS attacks, which is the most common type encountered by IoT networks. The data set consisting of 79 features in total created for the detection of DDOS attacks was minimized by selecting the two most significant features. Evaluation results confirm that the DDOS attack can be detected with high accuracy and less memory usage by the base models compared to complex learning methods such as bagging and boosting models. As a result, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of the base models, for the IoT DDOS detection task, due to their application performance.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of ensemble learning models for detection of DDOS attacks in IoT","authors":"Yıldıran Yılmaz, Selim Buyrukoğlu","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000257","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things that process tremendous confidential data have difficulty performing traditional security algorithms, thus their security is at risk. The security tasks to be added to these devices should be able to operate without disturbing the smooth operation of the system so that the availability of the system will not be impaired. While various attack detection systems can detect attacks with high accuracy rates, it is often impossible to integrate them into IoT devices. Therefore, in this work, the new DDOS detection models using feature selection and learning algorithms jointly are proposed to detect DDOS attacks, which is the most common type encountered by IoT networks. The data set consisting of 79 features in total created for the detection of DDOS attacks was minimized by selecting the two most significant features. Evaluation results confirm that the DDOS attack can be detected with high accuracy and less memory usage by the base models compared to complex learning methods such as bagging and boosting models. As a result, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of the base models, for the IoT DDOS detection task, due to their application performance.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115966630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-09DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000256
Özge Akyazi, Ş. C. Cevher
Asthma, an important public health problem, is a common, potentially serious, medical condition in children, adults and pregnant women. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the combined use of thymoquinone and carob on liver tissue oxidative events, following the experimental asthma model. 18 male albino wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as: the control group, the experimental asthma group and treated group (A+TQ+C). In the asthmatic groups, ovalbumin and alum were given intraperitoneally on the 0 and 14th days, and sensitized by inhalation on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd days. In the next 5 days, thymoquinone and carob were given to the group to be treated by intragastric gavage method. In all experimental groups, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels were measured spectrophotometrically to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant status in the liver tissue of rats. While liver tissue GSH and AA levels increased, NOx levels were found to decrease following thymoquinone and carob administration. However, MDA levels, which are the indicator of lipid peroxidation, were found to be statistically significantly increased in the treated group (p
{"title":"Supplementation of Thymoquinone and Carob Together in the Experimental Rat Asthma Model: Oxidative effect on the liver tissue","authors":"Özge Akyazi, Ş. C. Cevher","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000256","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma, an important public health problem, is a common, potentially serious, medical condition in children, adults and pregnant women. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the combined use of thymoquinone and carob on liver tissue oxidative events, following the experimental asthma model. 18 male albino wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as: the control group, the experimental asthma group and treated group (A+TQ+C). In the asthmatic groups, ovalbumin and alum were given intraperitoneally on the 0 and 14th days, and sensitized by inhalation on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd days. In the next 5 days, thymoquinone and carob were given to the group to be treated by intragastric gavage method. In all experimental groups, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels were measured spectrophotometrically to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant status in the liver tissue of rats. While liver tissue GSH and AA levels increased, NOx levels were found to decrease following thymoquinone and carob administration. However, MDA levels, which are the indicator of lipid peroxidation, were found to be statistically significantly increased in the treated group (p","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117072008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000252
Hasan Akman, A. E. Turgut, H. Caliskan
{"title":"Optimal Design of an In-flight Refueling Door Mechanism","authors":"Hasan Akman, A. E. Turgut, H. Caliskan","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121085835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Analysis and Antibacterial Tests of Hand Sanitizers Used in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period","authors":"Simge Varlık, Gülsen Bayrak, Işık Perçin Demirçelik, Aybuke A. ISBIR TURAN","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127109815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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