Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000286
Mehmet Bağlan, Kenan Gören, Ümit Yildiko
In this study, theoretic analyses were executed on the optimized geometric structure of 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)thiazolo[3,2-b][1.2.4]triazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (ATTC). The basis sets for these theoretical research were B3LYP/DGDZVP and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). To determine the stability and molecular reactiveness of the molecule, energy range, the HOMO-LUMO energies, softhood (s), hardhood (η), electronic negativity (χ), and chemical potential (μ) characteristics were employed. The second array decay energy E(2) values of the molecule, which indicates the ATTC molecule’s the bioactivite, were determined with the native bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The ATTC molecule’s the reactive behavior is further studied using simulated the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface’s calculations. The overall electron intensity and mulliken atomic charge distribution found by MEP area research gave proof that the molecule's reactive area existed. The ATTC molecule will continue to be a crucial therapeutic agent to Alzheimer disease’s the treatment Alzheimer disease thanks to molecular docking study. The highest binding affinity was observed as a docking score of -10,681 Kcal/mol.
{"title":"DFT Computations and Molecular Docking Studies of 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)thiazolo[1,2,4]triazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one(ATTC) Molecule","authors":"Mehmet Bağlan, Kenan Gören, Ümit Yildiko","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000286","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, theoretic analyses were executed on the optimized geometric structure of 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)thiazolo[3,2-b][1.2.4]triazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (ATTC). The basis sets for these theoretical research were B3LYP/DGDZVP and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). To determine the stability and molecular reactiveness of the molecule, energy range, the HOMO-LUMO energies, softhood (s), hardhood (η), electronic negativity (χ), and chemical potential (μ) characteristics were employed. The second array decay energy E(2) values of the molecule, which indicates the ATTC molecule’s the bioactivite, were determined with the native bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The ATTC molecule’s the reactive behavior is further studied using simulated the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface’s calculations. The overall electron intensity and mulliken atomic charge distribution found by MEP area research gave proof that the molecule's reactive area existed. The ATTC molecule will continue to be a crucial therapeutic agent to Alzheimer disease’s the treatment Alzheimer disease thanks to molecular docking study. The highest binding affinity was observed as a docking score of -10,681 Kcal/mol.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000268
U. Gul, M. Aydogdu
{"title":"Three Dimensional Vibration of an Isotropic Plate Enclosed in a Rigid Body","authors":"U. Gul, M. Aydogdu","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000268","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"tr\" />","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"17 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132193108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000273
Ezgi Avşar Abdik
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an environmental carcinogen causing human skin cancer. Exposure of the skin to UV produces apoptotic keratinocytes called sunburn cells within the epidermis. Boron, an essential element for plants, has several biological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant. In the present study, the possible protective effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPT) against UVB-induced apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells, HaCaT, were investigated. They were treated with SPT at different concentrations (7.8-125 μg/mL) for 24h after UVB irradiation (20, 30 and 60mJ/cm2). Cell viability, annexin V assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-related gene levels were measured using RT-PCR. Treatment with SPT (15.6-31.25μg/mL) after 30 mJ/m2 UVB exposure significantly increased cell survival. Annexin V apoptosis analysis demonstrated a robust protective effect by treatment with SPT at concentrations of 15.6 and 31.25μg/mL after 30mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. The cell cycle analysis revealed that UVB irradiation elevated the number of cells at the G0/G1 phase while SPT treatment after UVB irradiation increased the number of cells at G2/M phase, suggesting the changes were partially reversed. Furthermore, treatment with 15.6μg/mL SPT after 30 mJ/m2 UV irradiation blocked the activation of caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and p53. These results indicate that treatment with SPT exerts protective effects after UVB irradiation. Thus, treatment with SPT led to strong protection against UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in HaCaT cells.
{"title":"The Protective Effects of Sodium Pentaborate Tetrahydrate Against UVB-induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes","authors":"Ezgi Avşar Abdik","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000273","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an environmental carcinogen causing human skin cancer. Exposure of the skin to UV produces apoptotic keratinocytes called sunburn cells within the epidermis. Boron, an essential element for plants, has several biological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant. In the present study, the possible protective effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPT) against UVB-induced apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells, HaCaT, were investigated. They were treated with SPT at different concentrations (7.8-125 μg/mL) for 24h after UVB irradiation (20, 30 and 60mJ/cm2). Cell viability, annexin V assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-related gene levels were measured using RT-PCR. Treatment with SPT (15.6-31.25μg/mL) after 30 mJ/m2 UVB exposure significantly increased cell survival. Annexin V apoptosis analysis demonstrated a robust protective effect by treatment with SPT at concentrations of 15.6 and 31.25μg/mL after 30mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. The cell cycle analysis revealed that UVB irradiation elevated the number of cells at the G0/G1 phase while SPT treatment after UVB irradiation increased the number of cells at G2/M phase, suggesting the changes were partially reversed. Furthermore, treatment with 15.6μg/mL SPT after 30 mJ/m2 UV irradiation blocked the activation of caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and p53. These results indicate that treatment with SPT exerts protective effects after UVB irradiation. Thus, treatment with SPT led to strong protection against UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in HaCaT cells.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114172430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000274
S. Çakmak
{"title":"One Step Fabrication of Hollow and Highly Flexible Polydimethylsiloxane Microneedles","authors":"S. Çakmak","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000274","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"tr\" />","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128856131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000271
Doğa Özbek, Talip Batuhan Yilmaz, Mert Ali Ihsan Kalin, Onur Özcan
In soft robotics, a recent challenge is to decrease the number of rigid components used tocreate entirely soft robots. A common rigid component used in soft robots is the rigid encoder, which should be replaced with a soft counterpart if possible. In this work, we de-sign and manufacture a soft sensor, which is embedded into a C-shaped leg of a soft, legged, miniature robot. Our main goal is to show that we can embed a soft sensor into and receive contact feedback from a soft C-shaped leg of our soft miniature quadruped. We test various sensor parameters using custom test setups to analyze the soft sensor performance. Our soft sensor design is iterated by experimentally investigating several sensor shape options. For the C-leg of the soft miniature quadruped, optimal sensor geometry and position for the sensor implementation are found from a discrete design space as the outcome of this work. We received feedback from the soft sensor and compared commercial encoder data to the soft sensor embedded C-leg data. We managed to detect the rotation speed of the C-leg with the accuracy of 87.5% on a treadmill and with the accuracy of %86.7 under free rotation of the C-leg. However, if connection loss occurs in the miniature slipring mechanism, the error percentage in estimating the rotational speed increases significantly.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Soft 3D Printed Sensors and Performance Analysis of the Soft Sensors in a C-leg as Sensing Element","authors":"Doğa Özbek, Talip Batuhan Yilmaz, Mert Ali Ihsan Kalin, Onur Özcan","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000271","url":null,"abstract":"In soft robotics, a recent challenge is to decrease the number of rigid components used tocreate entirely soft robots. A common rigid component used in soft robots is the rigid encoder, which should be replaced with a soft counterpart if possible. In this work, we de-sign and manufacture a soft sensor, which is embedded into a C-shaped leg of a soft, legged, miniature robot. Our main goal is to show that we can embed a soft sensor into and receive contact feedback from a soft C-shaped leg of our soft miniature quadruped. We test various sensor parameters using custom test setups to analyze the soft sensor performance. Our soft sensor design is iterated by experimentally investigating several sensor shape options. For the C-leg of the soft miniature quadruped, optimal sensor geometry and position for the sensor implementation are found from a discrete design space as the outcome of this work. We received feedback from the soft sensor and compared commercial encoder data to the soft sensor embedded C-leg data. We managed to detect the rotation speed of the C-leg with the accuracy of 87.5% on a treadmill and with the accuracy of %86.7 under free rotation of the C-leg. However, if connection loss occurs in the miniature slipring mechanism, the error percentage in estimating the rotational speed increases significantly.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125050863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000269
Ayşe Gul, Dilek Şenol Arslan, N. Uzal
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) on the performance of polysulfone (PSF) membrane. The membranes were fabricated by a common phase inversion method. The performance of membranes was determined based on pure water flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation test. These fabricated membranes were characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements. The highest BSA rejection was 53%. The optimum membrane (2 % wt Gd2O3 /17 % wt PSF) in this study was determined by PSF 17% which successfully exhibited 53% rejection with filtrate flux for about 8.7 L/m2.h at a pressure of 10 bar.
{"title":"Fabrication of Gd2O3/PSF Membranes via Aqueous Phase Inversion Method","authors":"Ayşe Gul, Dilek Şenol Arslan, N. Uzal","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000269","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) on the performance of polysulfone (PSF) membrane. The membranes were fabricated by a common phase inversion method. The performance of membranes was determined based on pure water flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation test. These fabricated membranes were characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements. The highest BSA rejection was 53%. The optimum membrane (2 % wt Gd2O3 /17 % wt PSF) in this study was determined by PSF 17% which successfully exhibited 53% rejection with filtrate flux for about 8.7 L/m2.h at a pressure of 10 bar.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131186109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000276
Hakan Kandemir
An indole hydrazone has successfully been synthesized employing Schiff base reaction conditions starting from 4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-diphenylindole-7-carbaldehyde with hydrazine hydrate. The reaction of this compound with acetone yielded indole based imine compound. The structure of targeted compound was identified by mass and 1H spectroscopy along with single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Also, bromination of bis-indole with N-bromo succinimide was produced corresponding bromo bis-indol derivative.
{"title":"Synthesis of New Methoxy Actived Mono and Bis-indole Compounds","authors":"Hakan Kandemir","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000276","url":null,"abstract":"An indole hydrazone has successfully been synthesized employing Schiff base reaction conditions starting from 4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-diphenylindole-7-carbaldehyde with hydrazine hydrate. The reaction of this compound with acetone yielded indole based imine compound. The structure of targeted compound was identified by mass and 1H spectroscopy along with single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Also, bromination of bis-indole with N-bromo succinimide was produced corresponding bromo bis-indol derivative.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121127959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000270
Ertuğrul Gazi SAĞLAM SAĞLAM, E.Bulat Elif Bulat, Ayşe Yildirim
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of New Ferrocenyl and 3-methoxytolyl Dithiophosphonates","authors":"Ertuğrul Gazi SAĞLAM SAĞLAM, E.Bulat Elif Bulat, Ayşe Yildirim","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000270","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"tr\" />","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.17350/hjse19030000272
M. Uğur, Muhammed Uygun, A. Bakır, Onur Özcan
{"title":"Path Tracking and Connection Mechanism of a Reconfigurable, Foldable, Legged, and Miniature Robot","authors":"M. Uğur, Muhammed Uygun, A. Bakır, Onur Özcan","doi":"10.17350/hjse19030000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000272","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"tr\" />","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129850731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hazelnut cultivation is widely practiced in our country. One of the major problems in hazelnut cultivation is powdery mildew disease on hazelnut tree leaves. In this study, the early detection of powdery mildew disease with the YOLO model based on machine learning was tested on a unique data set. Object detection on the image, which is widely applied in the detection of plant diseases, has been applied for the detection of powdery mildew diseases. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that powdery mildew disease can be detected on the image. In the network trained with the Yolov5 model, diseased areas were detected with 95% accuracy in leaf images containing many diseases. Detection of healthy leaves, on the other hand, was tried on images with complex backgrounds and could detect more than one leaf on an image with 85% accuracy. The Yolov5 model, which has been used in many studies for disease detection on plant leaves, also gave effective results for the detection of powdery mildew disease on hazelnut leaves. Early detection of powdery mildew with a method based on machine learning; will stop the possible spread of disease; It will increase the efficiency of hazelnut production by preventing the damage of hazelnut producers.
{"title":"Powdery Mildew Detection in Hazelnut with Deep Learning","authors":"Tulin Boyar, Kazim Yildiz","doi":"10.17350/hjse.1115215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse.1115215","url":null,"abstract":"Hazelnut cultivation is widely practiced in our country. One of the major problems in hazelnut cultivation is powdery mildew disease on hazelnut tree leaves. In this study, the early detection of powdery mildew disease with the YOLO model based on machine learning was tested on a unique data set. Object detection on the image, which is widely applied in the detection of plant diseases, has been applied for the detection of powdery mildew diseases. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that powdery mildew disease can be detected on the image. In the network trained with the Yolov5 model, diseased areas were detected with 95% accuracy in leaf images containing many diseases. Detection of healthy leaves, on the other hand, was tried on images with complex backgrounds and could detect more than one leaf on an image with 85% accuracy. The Yolov5 model, which has been used in many studies for disease detection on plant leaves, also gave effective results for the detection of powdery mildew disease on hazelnut leaves. Early detection of powdery mildew with a method based on machine learning; will stop the possible spread of disease; It will increase the efficiency of hazelnut production by preventing the damage of hazelnut producers.","PeriodicalId":285705,"journal":{"name":"Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131397028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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