Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.046
Nazar Levus
The article analyzes the books of Lviv weekly expenditures. The author has found out that during the period 1577–1583 the funds that were spent on gifts, first of all, wine, elite Lviv fish, oriental goods, precious silver and gold products, were allocated from the city treasury. In Lviv the second half of16th century the gift of wine was an integral part of city politics. The author identifies the costs of 1) wine shipped to the Diet and the royal tribunal; 2) wine for greetings of the most respected persons of the Commonwealth during their arrival or passage through the city (king, voivode, bishop, castle); 3) wine for the so-called "own" persons - the voivodship of Ruthenian and Podilsky, the Lviv elder, the Zemstvo and Grodno judges of the Rus' voivodeship; 4) wine for congratulation on the marriage or birth of children of the state's distinguished persons. The gifts played an essential role in maintaining the social and political network of the city, with their help, the city community managed to solve various problems and to maintain their honour and reputation. The author tries to confirm these theses with specific facts. For example, he states that for the period 1577–1583 the books of city expenditures mention three trips of Lviv rays to meetings of the Seimas. The total cost of a trip to Warsaw in December 1579 amounted to 1002 PLN. 8 ½ gr. The author does not exclude the possibility that one of the consequences of the trip could have been the granting of the privilege of Stefan Batory Lviv to levy a tax on lemons and wines brought to the city. During a trip to the Seimas in 1582, 1212 PLN was spent on gifts, travel, wine-making, payment for accommodation for Lviv rays. 12 gr. The trip resulted in the abolition of the toll, which the king and the Diet had set to raise money to continue the war with Muscovy. Based on the analysis of the available information, the author finds that the Lviv rayons maintained close relations with the highest officials of the Commonwealth and other representatives of their interests, and through gifts and representation, influenced the status and status of their city.
{"title":"REPRESENTATIVE SPENDINGS OF THE MAGISTRATE IN 1577-1583. ON THE EXAMPLE OF LVIV WEEKLY-EXPENDITURES BOOKS","authors":"Nazar Levus","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.046","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the books of Lviv weekly expenditures. The author has found out that during the period 1577–1583 the funds that were spent on gifts, first of all, wine, elite Lviv fish, oriental goods, precious silver and gold products, were allocated from the city treasury. In Lviv the second half of16th century the gift of wine was an integral part of city politics. The author identifies the costs of 1) wine shipped to the Diet and the royal tribunal; 2) wine for greetings of the most respected persons of the Commonwealth during their arrival or passage through the city (king, voivode, bishop, castle); 3) wine for the so-called \"own\" persons - the voivodship of Ruthenian and Podilsky, the Lviv elder, the Zemstvo and Grodno judges of the Rus' voivodeship; 4) wine for congratulation on the marriage or birth of children of the state's distinguished persons. The gifts played an essential role in maintaining the social and political network of the city, with their help, the city community managed to solve various problems and to maintain their honour and reputation. The author tries to confirm these theses with specific facts. For example, he states that for the period 1577–1583 the books of city expenditures mention three trips of Lviv rays to meetings of the Seimas. The total cost of a trip to Warsaw in December 1579 amounted to 1002 PLN. 8 ½ gr. The author does not exclude the possibility that one of the consequences of the trip could have been the granting of the privilege of Stefan Batory Lviv to levy a tax on lemons and wines brought to the city. During a trip to the Seimas in 1582, 1212 PLN was spent on gifts, travel, wine-making, payment for accommodation for Lviv rays. 12 gr. The trip resulted in the abolition of the toll, which the king and the Diet had set to raise money to continue the war with Muscovy. Based on the analysis of the available information, the author finds that the Lviv rayons maintained close relations with the highest officials of the Commonwealth and other representatives of their interests, and through gifts and representation, influenced the status and status of their city.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134181219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.031
A. Sapronov
The article attempts to investigate a condition of the buildings for the prisoners and guardians in the middle of the XVIII century in the regimental prisons of the Hetmanate and in Hlukhiv. The prison was an essential public building in the early modern towns. The excellent condition of the walls of the jail was a guarantee of successful punishment for the thieves and the prevention of new offences.In the legal sources (in the Statutes of Lithuania and in the Laws by Which the Little Russian People Are Judged), there are three types of places where prisoners could be held – the “lower” and “upper” prisons and a separate room for convicted prisoners. The appearance of prisons in domestic historiography is poorly researched and untold. The studies indicate that various types of buildings were used as a prison, such as a hut, a shed. However, sometimes researchers mentioned the prisons with a binary structure (upper and lower).Typically, in criminal proceedings, the appearance of prisons was not reported. If the court session ended successfully, that is the punishment of the thief, then the description of the prison in the document was unnecessary. Therefore, the author used the materials, which illustrated the cases of escapes from the prisons. In addition to them, the researcher used the documents of the regimental offices, in which they requested permission from the capital authorities to carry out repair works.As a result of the study, it was found that the prisons of the regimental cities and Hlukhiv in the middle of the XVIII century usually consisted of a prison, an upper (1-2 huts) and a lower jail and a building for security. Sometimes houses of local residents were used to hold the prisoners. Regardless of the location of criminals, prisoners regularly suffered from the weather (cold, snow, rain). Not much better were the conditions for service in the guardians of the prisoners.Natural factors always destroyed wooden structures, even in the absence of fires. The fence around the prison and its walls over time were rubbed, and criminals were given the opportunity to escape. It is worth noting that the construction became much more unusable due to constant attempts to escape criminals. The practice of partial repair of prisons could not solve the problem, and for some time again, there was a need to upgrade the institution.According to the author, there were three ways of providing materials for the construction or repair of prisons. In the first case, resources were taken from the residents of the regiment on the basis of distribution, which was conducted by the regimental office with the consent of the capital authorities. In the second - the money from the treasury was used only for those materials that were not in the inhabitants of the regiment. The third option for carrying out repair works was that the state treasury assumed the funds for the purchase of all materials.
{"title":"REGIMENTAL PRISON IN HETMANATE: APPEARANCE AND CONDITION OF BUILDING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XVIII CENTURY","authors":"A. Sapronov","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.031","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to investigate a condition of the buildings for the prisoners and guardians in the middle of the XVIII century in the regimental prisons of the Hetmanate and in Hlukhiv. The prison was an essential public building in the early modern towns. The excellent condition of the walls of the jail was a guarantee of successful punishment for the thieves and the prevention of new offences.In the legal sources (in the Statutes of Lithuania and in the Laws by Which the Little Russian People Are Judged), there are three types of places where prisoners could be held – the “lower” and “upper” prisons and a separate room for convicted prisoners. The appearance of prisons in domestic historiography is poorly researched and untold. The studies indicate that various types of buildings were used as a prison, such as a hut, a shed. However, sometimes researchers mentioned the prisons with a binary structure (upper and lower).Typically, in criminal proceedings, the appearance of prisons was not reported. If the court session ended successfully, that is the punishment of the thief, then the description of the prison in the document was unnecessary. Therefore, the author used the materials, which illustrated the cases of escapes from the prisons. In addition to them, the researcher used the documents of the regimental offices, in which they requested permission from the capital authorities to carry out repair works.As a result of the study, it was found that the prisons of the regimental cities and Hlukhiv in the middle of the XVIII century usually consisted of a prison, an upper (1-2 huts) and a lower jail and a building for security. Sometimes houses of local residents were used to hold the prisoners. Regardless of the location of criminals, prisoners regularly suffered from the weather (cold, snow, rain). Not much better were the conditions for service in the guardians of the prisoners.Natural factors always destroyed wooden structures, even in the absence of fires. The fence around the prison and its walls over time were rubbed, and criminals were given the opportunity to escape. It is worth noting that the construction became much more unusable due to constant attempts to escape criminals. The practice of partial repair of prisons could not solve the problem, and for some time again, there was a need to upgrade the institution.According to the author, there were three ways of providing materials for the construction or repair of prisons. In the first case, resources were taken from the residents of the regiment on the basis of distribution, which was conducted by the regimental office with the consent of the capital authorities. In the second - the money from the treasury was used only for those materials that were not in the inhabitants of the regiment. The third option for carrying out repair works was that the state treasury assumed the funds for the purchase of all materials.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.05.084
V. Kulikov
The article presents a study of informal labour relations within the industrial enterprises of the Russian Empire based on materials from the Dnieper-Donets region during the period 1870–1917. The analysis is based on narrative writings created by the entrepreneurs and workers as primary sources, supplemented by analytical data collected by the zemstvo and state commissions. The article demonstrates that informal labour relations took various forms such as informal employment, manipulation with the workers’ wages, requiring and performing activates which were not listed in the employment contract, and corruption. The combination of mutual benefits and risks for the main stakeholders determined the system of informal labour relations. The omnipresence of these informal practices was due to the ignorance of both the employees and the employers concerning the relevant legislation. Inefficient state control over labour law also contributed to the expansion of informal institutions. During the last quarter of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, formal practices dislodged some informal variations. It happened due to the modernization of the work ethic on both the workers’ and the industrialists’ side, the strengthening of the regulatory and controlling role of the state, and, most importantly, the organizational changes within the industrial enterprises. The rise of large modern industrial enterprises with a hierarchy of salaried managers demanded a system of new, more formal labour relations between the employers and employees. However, the formalization of labour relations in the industrial enterprises in Russia was not a linear process. Some informal practices proved to be very viable and have survived to-date.
{"title":"INFORMAL LABOR RELATIONS WITHIN THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE LATE RUSSIAN EMPIRE","authors":"V. Kulikov","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.05.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.05.084","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of informal labour relations within the industrial enterprises of the Russian Empire based on materials from the Dnieper-Donets region during the period 1870–1917. The analysis is based on narrative writings created by the entrepreneurs and workers as primary sources, supplemented by analytical data collected by the zemstvo and state commissions. \u0000The article demonstrates that informal labour relations took various forms such as informal employment, manipulation with the workers’ wages, requiring and performing activates which were not listed in the employment contract, and corruption. The combination of mutual benefits and risks for the main stakeholders determined the system of informal labour relations. The omnipresence of these informal practices was due to the ignorance of both the employees and the employers concerning the relevant legislation. Inefficient state control over labour law also contributed to the expansion of informal institutions. \u0000During the last quarter of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, formal practices dislodged some informal variations. It happened due to the modernization of the work ethic on both the workers’ and the industrialists’ side, the strengthening of the regulatory and controlling role of the state, and, most importantly, the organizational changes within the industrial enterprises. The rise of large modern industrial enterprises with a hierarchy of salaried managers demanded a system of new, more formal labour relations between the employers and employees. However, the formalization of labour relations in the industrial enterprises in Russia was not a linear process. Some informal practices proved to be very viable and have survived to-date.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.05.009
Vadym Lukianchenko
The research of the defensive structures of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra includes many important aspects requiring serious architectural, archaeological and bibliographic research. Among of them the question of the stages of their construction and the evolution of the building. In the article is described assumption about the initial functional purpose of the premises of the South Tower, Onufriyivsky tower and Ivan Kashnikov tower, not only for the rifles firing during combat operations but also for the guard of residence.For the first time is presented the reconstruction of some sections of the monastery walls and the Kashnikov tower in the initial construction period.
{"title":"SOME UNKNOWN FACTS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE UPPER LAVRA FORTIFICATIONS","authors":"Vadym Lukianchenko","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the defensive structures of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra includes many important aspects requiring serious architectural, archaeological and bibliographic research. Among of them the question of the stages of their construction and the evolution of the building. In the article is described assumption about the initial functional purpose of the premises of the South Tower, Onufriyivsky tower and Ivan Kashnikov tower, not only for the rifles firing during combat operations but also for the guard of residence.For the first time is presented the reconstruction of some sections of the monastery walls and the Kashnikov tower in the initial construction period.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127093703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.113
Taras Vintskovskyi
In Soviet historical science during 1960s-1980s a traditional stereotype of perception of the cruiser “Almaz” as “Southern Aurora” was formed, which had to symbolize similar tendencies of the revolutionary progress in 1917- 1918 in Baltic and the Black Sea Fleets. The role of the steamship crew in events of the Russian and the Ukrainian revolutions in a limited period of time is analyzed in the article. In January 1918, the Bolshevist armed insurrection took place in Odesa, active participation in the preparation of which was played by the part of sailors and officers of the cruiser “Almaz”. During the existence of the Odesa Soviet republic, new authorities used the practice of the “red” terror, the symbol of which was “Almaz”. As the result of the detention and physical liquidation of people of various categories on the cruiser and at moorings of other warships, thus spreading a variety of rumours, authorities of local self-government attempted to take control of the situation in order to make facts of self-trial impossible. But judicial and investigational institutions were able to investigate the circumstances of the detention of prisoners and their subsequent fate fully only after the restoration of the Ukrainian National Republic governance in Odesa. Their conclusions dispel the heroic image of the cruiser created by Soviet historiography.
{"title":"BLOODY “ALMAZ”: DE/CONSTRUCTION OF ONE REVOLUTION MYTH IN ODESA","authors":"Taras Vintskovskyi","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.113","url":null,"abstract":"In Soviet historical science during 1960s-1980s a traditional stereotype of perception of the cruiser “Almaz” as “Southern Aurora” was formed, which had to symbolize similar tendencies of the revolutionary progress in 1917- 1918 in Baltic and the Black Sea Fleets. The role of the steamship crew in events of the Russian and the Ukrainian revolutions in a limited period of time is analyzed in the article. \u0000In January 1918, the Bolshevist armed insurrection took place in Odesa, active participation in the preparation of which was played by the part of sailors and officers of the cruiser “Almaz”. During the existence of the Odesa Soviet republic, new authorities used the practice of the “red” terror, the symbol of which was “Almaz”. As the result of the detention and physical liquidation of people of various categories on the cruiser and at moorings of other warships, thus spreading a variety of rumours, authorities of local self-government attempted to take control of the situation in order to make facts of self-trial impossible. But judicial and investigational institutions were able to investigate the circumstances of the detention of prisoners and their subsequent fate fully only after the restoration of the Ukrainian National Republic governance in Odesa. Their conclusions dispel the heroic image of the cruiser created by Soviet historiography.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121286682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.188
Olena Spytska
The article highlights some organizational activities which provided personnel and financial support for UPR delegation’s work in the Paris Peace Conference 1919–1920. This work consisted of efforts to gain UPR’s independence recognition by leading and others states of the world; to get them to take into consideration interests of the Ukrainian people, because of the postwar geopolitical changes in Central Europe; to cooperate in political, military, commercial and economic fields with other countries. It characterizes main directions of personnel part of this work – the dynamics in personnel changes, efforts to engage qualified specialists and technical workers, control over delegation members’ business trips, financial expenses aimed at executing tasks, which were given to the delegation.
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN DELEGATION MANAGEMENT AT THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919-1920 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A NEW HISTORICAL SOURCE","authors":"Olena Spytska","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.188","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights some organizational activities which provided personnel and financial support for UPR delegation’s work in the Paris Peace Conference 1919–1920. This work consisted of efforts to gain UPR’s independence recognition by leading and others states of the world; to get them to take into consideration interests of the Ukrainian people, because of the postwar geopolitical changes in Central Europe; to cooperate in political, military, commercial and economic fields with other countries. It characterizes main directions of personnel part of this work – the dynamics in personnel changes, efforts to engage qualified specialists and technical workers, control over delegation members’ business trips, financial expenses aimed at executing tasks, which were given to the delegation.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.175
O. Malyshev
The following article by Victor Hugo "Fight The Demounters" is a translation from the French original publication: Hugo V. Guerre aux démolisseurs // Revue des Deux Mondes. Période Initiale. Volume 5. 1832. pp. 607–622.
以下由维克多·雨果(Victor Hugo)撰写的文章《与破坏者战斗》(Fight The Demounters)翻译自法语原版出版物:雨果V. Guerre aux demolisseurs // Revue des Deux Mondes。磨合期。第5卷。1832. 607页—622人。
{"title":"Victor Hugo. FIGHT THE DEMOUNTERS","authors":"O. Malyshev","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.175","url":null,"abstract":"The following article by Victor Hugo \"Fight The Demounters\" is a translation from the French original publication: Hugo V. Guerre aux démolisseurs // Revue des Deux Mondes. Période Initiale. Volume 5. 1832. pp. 607–622.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130010667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.05.059
A. Zayats
The article is based on city books of Lutsk, Vyzhva, Milyanovich, Kovel, Olyka, Rivne and Grodno and Zemsky books of Volodymyr, Lutsk, Kremenets. The author attempts to establish the composition, personnel and powers of Volyn landvogt. He states that the landvogt government, like the Vogt government, was borrowed from the German lands to the Polish and Lithuanian lands, and from there it got to the Ukrainian ones. Landvogt was influential in the cities of Volyn, as he was often the patron saint of wight. He received his government as a fee for serving the Vogt or rented or secured it. Typically, each new Vogt assigned his own landvogt. As a part of taking the position, the landvogt had to take the oath. The governments of the Lentwites were at different times - from several months to many years. Going through their rule could change them. In addition to performing their primary function as a court, the tapeworms took part in governing the city, guarded the order, monitored Christian morality, and were sometimes charged with collecting arrears. The analysis of the sources allowed the author to draw some conclusions about the social and national origin of the Volyn landvogt. Among Lutsk landvogts in the XVI century, the nobles dominated, in the first half of the XVII century - burghers; by nationality, most were Ukrainians, the rest were mainly Poles. Among the Volodymyr landvogts, there were nobles, about a quarter of them were Poles, the rest were local. Of the nine well-known Kremenets landvogts, only two were burghers, almost equally Ukrainians and Poles. Among the twelve landvogts of Milianovich, only one was a nobleman and a Pole, and the rest were local townspeople. Of the six Kovel landvogts, two were gentry, and the others were bourgeois Ukrainians. The author provides data on the cases of the combination of the Lentwite government with the Rhei / Burmistrovsky. Many of the Lentwiths, before or after their rule, were found to be occupied by other city governments - they were listed as raitsi, city or vogt clerks, hunters, boomers, city fighters and trustees. It was noted that having considerable power, the tapeworms sometimes abused her (such as extortions, handshakes).
{"title":"LANDVOGTS IN THE VOLHYNIAN TOWNS OF THE 16TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURIES: COMPOSITION, PERSONALITIES, FUNCTIONS","authors":"A. Zayats","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.05.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.05.059","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on city books of Lutsk, Vyzhva, Milyanovich, Kovel, Olyka, Rivne and Grodno and Zemsky books of Volodymyr, Lutsk, Kremenets. The author attempts to establish the composition, personnel and powers of Volyn landvogt. He states that the landvogt government, like the Vogt government, was borrowed from the German lands to the Polish and Lithuanian lands, and from there it got to the Ukrainian ones. Landvogt was influential in the cities of Volyn, as he was often the patron saint of wight. He received his government as a fee for serving the Vogt or rented or secured it. Typically, each new Vogt assigned his own landvogt. As a part of taking the position, the landvogt had to take the oath. The governments of the Lentwites were at different times - from several months to many years. Going through their rule could change them. In addition to performing their primary function as a court, the tapeworms took part in governing the city, guarded the order, monitored Christian morality, and were sometimes charged with collecting arrears. The analysis of the sources allowed the author to draw some conclusions about the social and national origin of the Volyn landvogt. Among Lutsk landvogts in the XVI century, the nobles dominated, in the first half of the XVII century - burghers; by nationality, most were Ukrainians, the rest were mainly Poles. Among the Volodymyr landvogts, there were nobles, about a quarter of them were Poles, the rest were local. Of the nine well-known Kremenets landvogts, only two were burghers, almost equally Ukrainians and Poles. Among the twelve landvogts of Milianovich, only one was a nobleman and a Pole, and the rest were local townspeople. Of the six Kovel landvogts, two were gentry, and the others were bourgeois Ukrainians. The author provides data on the cases of the combination of the Lentwite government with the Rhei / Burmistrovsky. Many of the Lentwiths, before or after their rule, were found to be occupied by other city governments - they were listed as raitsi, city or vogt clerks, hunters, boomers, city fighters and trustees. It was noted that having considerable power, the tapeworms sometimes abused her (such as extortions, handshakes).","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133632222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.05.159
N. Bilous
The article deals with two privileges of the Polish king Stefan Batory for the Polissya town of Loyew (now the district centre of the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus). In the 16th century, it was a part of the Liubech starostvo of the Kyiv voivodship. The town is known first of all due to military battles that took place in the neighbourhood. One occurred on July 31, 1649, and the other - during the Second World War, while the pages of its history during the Lithuanian-Polish era, such as the granting of self-government under the Magdeburg law, are still little known.Stefan Batory privileges for Loyew can be considered exciting and rare archival finds, and they have not yet been published and introduced into scientific circulation. The first - the Magdeburg Law was granted on August 3, 1576, the second - on the Loyew Vogtship for Fedora Volka appeared as an addition to the first one in six years (November 25, 1582). Unlike most of the privileges of the time, inscribed in the books of the royal the chancellery, these two were not written in Latin or Polish, but in Cyrillic. The documents originate from the Archives of the Sangushki princes, which are now stored in the State Archives of Poland in Krakow (Wawel department).The initiator and recipient of the Magdeburg privileges for Loyew were Pavlo Ivanovych Sapiega, Lubeckij and Loyewsky Starosta from 1560, and the Kyiv Castellan from 1566. He, at his own expense, built the city and the castle Loyew Mountain, that was lying on the Tartar road and defending the Lithuanian border from the Chernihiv side (which at that time belonged to the Moscow state), and was also protecting the state from the Tatar attacks. The privilege of the Loyew Vogts was granted in 1582 to Fedor Volk as the reward for his military service and participation in hostilities.These documents are exceptional since during the reign of Stefan Batory (1576-1586) only a few cities in this region received similar privileges. The significance of royal privileges for Loyew was enormous – it was a necessary legal basis and a significant impetus for its further development. Residents of Loyew received self-government on the principles of Magdeburg Law and many economic privileges and liberties, which favourably distinguished them among other cities in the region.
{"title":"THE PRIVILEGES OF POLISH KING STEPHEN BATHORY FOR LOYEW 1576 AND 1582 YEARS","authors":"N. Bilous","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.05.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.05.159","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with two privileges of the Polish king Stefan Batory for the Polissya town of Loyew (now the district centre of the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus). In the 16th century, it was a part of the Liubech starostvo of the Kyiv voivodship. The town is known first of all due to military battles that took place in the neighbourhood. One occurred on July 31, 1649, and the other - during the Second World War, while the pages of its history during the Lithuanian-Polish era, such as the granting of self-government under the Magdeburg law, are still little known.Stefan Batory privileges for Loyew can be considered exciting and rare archival finds, and they have not yet been published and introduced into scientific circulation. The first - the Magdeburg Law was granted on August 3, 1576, the second - on the Loyew Vogtship for Fedora Volka appeared as an addition to the first one in six years (November 25, 1582). Unlike most of the privileges of the time, inscribed in the books of the royal the chancellery, these two were not written in Latin or Polish, but in Cyrillic. The documents originate from the Archives of the Sangushki princes, which are now stored in the State Archives of Poland in Krakow (Wawel department).The initiator and recipient of the Magdeburg privileges for Loyew were Pavlo Ivanovych Sapiega, Lubeckij and Loyewsky Starosta from 1560, and the Kyiv Castellan from 1566. He, at his own expense, built the city and the castle Loyew Mountain, that was lying on the Tartar road and defending the Lithuanian border from the Chernihiv side (which at that time belonged to the Moscow state), and was also protecting the state from the Tatar attacks. The privilege of the Loyew Vogts was granted in 1582 to Fedor Volk as the reward for his military service and participation in hostilities.These documents are exceptional since during the reign of Stefan Batory (1576-1586) only a few cities in this region received similar privileges. The significance of royal privileges for Loyew was enormous – it was a necessary legal basis and a significant impetus for its further development. Residents of Loyew received self-government on the principles of Magdeburg Law and many economic privileges and liberties, which favourably distinguished them among other cities in the region.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-07DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.04.162
Iryna Skubii
In the article, the features of department stores as trade establishments in Soviet Ukraine in 1920-1930s are examined. Department store is investigated as a unique space of urban consumption. It got the special place in ideology and propaganda and “fixed the victories and advantages of Soviet cultural trade”, the democratization of consumption. Department stores were to become a model of successful Soviet trade management and marketing. In urban space, department stores became the symbol of novelty, sufficiency and example for other trade institutions. Special attention is given to the transition in public discourse the image from “customer” to “consumer” during 1920-1930s. The innovativeness of univermags let to the use of modern tendencies in the arrangement of space, in particular, window displays and counters. It has been analyzed how department stores were equipped according to the last requirements of time with the help of mechanical devices and refrigeration units. The experience existence of universal type institutions was not as unique as it was in line with the world tendencies of trade modernization. But by borrowing and transforming the idea of universal trade into Soviet realities, the Bolshevik authorities gave it new meaning. In the Ukrainian department stores at that time a new commercial space was planned for the premises, showcases and counters were equipped, but despite these innovations, the shortage of goods, queues and state control of the market continued to remain. It has been concluded that state department stores could have become a model of successful Soviet management and marketing in the field of trade. Nevertheless, it was not enough to create a properly equipped store space, because consumer and department store was dependent on the ideological and economic policies of Soviet authorities. At the same time, the opening of department stores became a new stage in the development of Soviet trade, where the consumer could have become the main actor of these processes. However, in spite of this fact, during 1920-1930s a “new Soviet consumer” with its culture and consumption practices was created.
{"title":"DEPARTMENT STORE AS SPACE OF URBAN CONSUMPTION IN 1920-1930S IN SOVIET UKRAINE","authors":"Iryna Skubii","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.04.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.04.162","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the features of department stores as trade establishments in Soviet Ukraine in 1920-1930s are examined. Department store is investigated as a unique space of urban consumption. It got the special place in ideology and propaganda and “fixed the victories and advantages of Soviet cultural trade”, the democratization of consumption. Department stores were to become a model of successful Soviet trade management and marketing. In urban space, department stores became the symbol of novelty, sufficiency and example for other trade institutions. Special attention is given to the transition in public discourse the image from “customer” to “consumer” during 1920-1930s. The innovativeness of univermags let to the use of modern tendencies in the arrangement of space, in particular, window displays and counters. It has been analyzed how department stores were equipped according to the last requirements of time with the help of mechanical devices and refrigeration units. The experience existence of universal type institutions was not as unique as it was in line with the world tendencies of trade modernization. But by borrowing and transforming the idea of universal trade into Soviet realities, the Bolshevik authorities gave it new meaning. In the Ukrainian department stores at that time a new commercial space was planned for the premises, showcases and counters were equipped, but despite these innovations, the shortage of goods, queues and state control of the market continued to remain. It has been concluded that state department stores could have become a model of successful Soviet management and marketing in the field of trade. Nevertheless, it was not enough to create a properly equipped store space, because consumer and department store was dependent on the ideological and economic policies of Soviet authorities. At the same time, the opening of department stores became a new stage in the development of Soviet trade, where the consumer could have become the main actor of these processes. However, in spite of this fact, during 1920-1930s a “new Soviet consumer” with its culture and consumption practices was created.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131787713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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