Pub Date : 2019-11-09DOI: 10.15407/mics2016.01.049
Sofia Dyak, Iryna Sklokina
The article presents establishing and developing the Center for Urban History in Lviv as a part of the larger trend to promote and institutionalize urban history and urban studies in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Discussing founding ideas and program, as well as their further implementation gives an insight into academic as well as public landscapes of urban research, both locally and internationally. The Center was founded in 2004 as a private foundation in Vienna and two years later, in 2006, the office was established in Lviv to launch its program activities. Major objectives of the Center are to promote research on the history of cities and towns in Eastern and Central Europe; to advance urban history as an interdisciplinary field and a platform for international cooperation; to enhance critical understanding of urban history and heritage in cooperation with local and international institutions; to engage into contemporary cultural life in the city and thus contribute to public and open engagement with the past. Three major focuses of work of the Center were gradually shaped and now they include research, digital archiving, digital and public history. While initially many projects focused on Lviv, expanding geographical scope was part of the development of the institution.Therefore, presently, the interests include various urban experiences, such as of historical cities, Soviet cities, industrial and mono-industrial, multiethnic cities, as well as the cities surviving conflicts and violent transformations. Over the 10 years of its activities, the Center has become both the institution to conduct research and an instrumental actor to transform symbolic spaces of Lviv, the place for discussions and presentation of results of other studies and initiatives, a platform for informal educational practices and a laboratory to develop new ways of contextualizing, representing and using different archival media and documents. Different formats such as schools, conferences, workshops, seminars, lectures, presentations and round tables, exhibitions, interactive maps, digitalization and promotion of collections of photo and video materials, and educational programs for children and adults constitute our program activities and help engaging broader academic and non-academic audiences into a dialogue to promote participatory historical culture in Ukraine.
{"title":"DOCUMENTING, RESEARCHING AND PROMOTING URBAN HISTORY IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCES OF THE CENTER FOR URBAN HISTORY IN LVIV","authors":"Sofia Dyak, Iryna Sklokina","doi":"10.15407/mics2016.01.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2016.01.049","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents establishing and developing the Center for Urban History in Lviv as a part of the larger trend to promote and institutionalize urban history and urban studies in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Discussing founding ideas and program, as well as their further implementation gives an insight into academic as well as public landscapes of urban research, both locally and internationally. The Center was founded in 2004 as a private foundation in Vienna and two years later, in 2006, the office was established in Lviv to launch its program activities. Major objectives of the Center are to promote research on the history of cities and towns in Eastern and Central Europe; to advance urban history as an interdisciplinary field and a platform for international cooperation; to enhance critical understanding of urban history and heritage in cooperation with local and international institutions; to engage into contemporary cultural life in the city and thus contribute to public and open engagement with the past. Three major focuses of work of the Center were gradually shaped and now they include research, digital archiving, digital and public history. \u0000While initially many projects focused on Lviv, expanding geographical scope was part of the development of the institution.Therefore, presently, the interests include various urban experiences, such as of historical cities, Soviet cities, industrial and mono-industrial, multiethnic cities, as well as the cities surviving conflicts and violent transformations. Over the 10 years of its activities, the Center has become both the institution to conduct research and an instrumental actor to transform symbolic spaces of Lviv, the place for discussions and presentation of results of other studies and initiatives, a platform for informal educational practices and a laboratory to develop new ways of contextualizing, representing and using different archival media and documents. Different formats such as schools, conferences, workshops, seminars, lectures, presentations and round tables, exhibitions, interactive maps, digitalization and promotion of collections of photo and video materials, and educational programs for children and adults constitute our program activities and help engaging broader academic and non-academic audiences into a dialogue to promote participatory historical culture in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123340911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.099
V. Trach
The long XIX century became «the golden age» in the history of exhibitions. During that period of time, understanding of their meaning, organizational approaches and thematical content changed, thus they received new functions. Quite often these processes are considered and explained within the framework of the concept of «the exhibitionary complex». The development of public health, its inclusion into the list of the indices of «civilization»and «progress», high prestige of the hygiene and hygienists, and «bacteriological revolution» contributed to the emergence of separate international, national and regional exhibitions that focused on public health and hygiene in the second half of the XIXth century.Two exhibitions, dedicated to medicine and natural science, that was held in Lviv in 1888 and 1907, echoed and followed the international trends. Although they did not focus exclusively on hygiene and public health, separate departments and sections were devoted to these issues. Both Lviv exhibitions were organized by professionals within the scope of the congresses of Polish physicians and naturalists, and thus they had both local and national character.The separation of hygiene as an autonomous part of these exhibitions should be considered in connection with two phenomena. The first was the development of the hygiene movement in Galicia during that time. Hygienists, among other purposes, sought to spread «hygienic education» among broad strata of society. The second was the shaping of public discourse on public health in the province of Galicia. Additionally, exhibitions became a site of cooperation between authorities, activists and professionals, and also they spread the idea of progress in Galicia.
{"title":"“FOR THE CULTURE, TOWARDS THE HYGIENE”: PUBLIC HEALTH AND “THE EXHIBITIONARY COMPLEX” IN LVIV IN THE LATE XIXTH – EARLY XXTH CENTURY","authors":"V. Trach","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.099","url":null,"abstract":"The long XIX century became «the golden age» in the history of exhibitions. During that period of time, understanding of their meaning, organizational approaches and thematical content changed, thus they received new functions. Quite often these processes are considered and explained within the framework of the concept of «the exhibitionary complex». The development of public health, its inclusion into the list of the indices of «civilization»and «progress», high prestige of the hygiene and hygienists, and «bacteriological revolution» contributed to the emergence of separate international, national and regional exhibitions that focused on public health and hygiene in the second half of the XIXth century.Two exhibitions, dedicated to medicine and natural science, that was held in Lviv in 1888 and 1907, echoed and followed the international trends. Although they did not focus exclusively on hygiene and public health, separate departments and sections were devoted to these issues. Both Lviv exhibitions were organized by professionals within the scope of the congresses of Polish physicians and naturalists, and thus they had both local and national character.The separation of hygiene as an autonomous part of these exhibitions should be considered in connection with two phenomena. The first was the development of the hygiene movement in Galicia during that time. Hygienists, among other purposes, sought to spread «hygienic education» among broad strata of society. The second was the shaping of public discourse on public health in the province of Galicia. Additionally, exhibitions became a site of cooperation between authorities, activists and professionals, and also they spread the idea of progress in Galicia.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128870054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.053
Yevheniya Shyshkina, Yaroslav Motenko
In the paper, the historiography of the problem is examined. The critique of the privet paper money which was circulating in the Ukrainian lands in 1917–1921 is conducted. The characteristics of such critique are shown and its distinctions from the critique of the state paper money are identified. The external signs of the bonds’ obverse and reverse are analyzed. The heraldic, emblematic, iconographic, sphragistics, neographic, filigree, ornamental, chronological and metrological elements of the Ukrainian privet paper money appearance are investigated and the role of these features is identified. The emblems, seals, imprints, signatures, series, numbers, dates are pointed out to be the most informative signs of the privet paper money. So, in the article, the great significance of the sphragistics, neographic and chronological data is underlined. By means of the text analysis, the issuers of bonds are identified. Thecritique of the bonds’ external features also showed the reasons for emission, the emitters’ guarantees and the scale of the privet paper money circulation.
{"title":"THE PRIVATE PAPER MONEY CIRCULATING IN THE UKRAINIAN CITIES DURING THE REVOLUTION OF 1917-1921: THE SOURCE CRITIQUE OF THE OUTWARD SIGNS","authors":"Yevheniya Shyshkina, Yaroslav Motenko","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.053","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the historiography of the problem is examined. The critique of the privet paper money which was circulating in the Ukrainian lands in 1917–1921 is conducted. The characteristics of such critique are shown and its distinctions from the critique of the state paper money are identified. The external signs of the bonds’ obverse and reverse are analyzed. The heraldic, emblematic, iconographic, sphragistics, neographic, filigree, ornamental, chronological and metrological elements of the Ukrainian privet paper money appearance are investigated and the role of these features is identified. The emblems, seals, imprints, signatures, series, numbers, dates are pointed out to be the most informative signs of the privet paper money. So, in the article, the great significance of the sphragistics, neographic and chronological data is underlined. By means of the text analysis, the issuers of bonds are identified. Thecritique of the bonds’ external features also showed the reasons for emission, the emitters’ guarantees and the scale of the privet paper money circulation.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130513315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.039
Maryana Dolynska
The researches during the last 20 years have shown that there were some spatial features of Magdeburg (city) rule in that time. Primarily the structure of the town was similar to other Central or Western European towns: a castle (castrum, burg, grad, dytynets) and an extensive settlement (podil), the latter having no fortifications and being where merchants and craftsmen lived. The initial formation of the city territory based on the principles of the spatial location of the cities of the German law started around the 70-th years of 13 century – the times of rule of duke Lev.No research this period the author has applied the methodology of recreating the historical topography based on the retrospective comparison of the prestatictical sources and applying it to the historical maps of the period. The primary Lviv space of the 13th century was based on the real-estate of the first Lviv «advocatus», Bertold Stecher, and the «laneus» area of Maria Snizhna Church. (Laneus – medieval measure of area, the similar term «mansus»). The 1368th manuscript explained the German family Stecher received land from Duke Lev without being subject to any rent. This real-estate consisted of three parts; the villa (a house in the countryside); allod (the land owned andnot subject to any rent); and the molendinum (mill).After the late 19th-century comment to Latin text insisted that all of these parts of real-estate were Everyone of Lviv`s historians knows were sure these advocates Bertold Stecher`s real-estate (villa Maly Vinyk, allod Podpresk and molendinum Schilzkikut) were nearby contemporary town Vynnyky and far from 13th -14th cc. town of Lviv and far one from another.Using both the method of the retrospective location of real estate and systematic-criterion approach allows to made hard conclusion, that originally, the Maria Snizhna church «laneus» was near the Stecher mill and this «laneus» had divided the Duke`s jurisdiction from the Stecher settlement. Villa Maly Vinyk have changed its name to «Zamarstyniv ». All these real-estate parts constituted the core of the town of the Magdeburg rule. Lviv`s downtown (town within walls) has the typical Middle Age’s spatial urban form, but some specific of it shows it was founded in the 13th century
近20年来的研究表明，马格德堡(城市)统治在这一时期具有一定的空间特征。主要的城镇结构类似于其他中欧或西欧城镇:一个城堡(castrum, burg, grad, dytynets)和一个广泛的定居点(podil)，后者没有防御工事，是商人和工匠居住的地方。根据德国法律的城市空间定位原则，城市领土的初步形成始于13世纪70年代——列夫公爵统治时期。在这一时期的研究中，笔者运用了基于统计前资料回顾性比较的历史地形图再造方法，并将其应用于这一时期的历史地图。13世纪利沃夫的主要空间是基于第一位利沃夫“倡导者”Bertold Stecher的房地产和Maria Snizhna教堂的“laneus”区域。(Laneus -中世纪的面积测量，类似于«mansus»)。第1368份手稿解释说，德国人施特歇尔家族从列夫公爵那里得到了土地，没有缴纳任何租金。这个地产由三部分组成;别墅(乡间的房子);已租土地(自备而无须缴付租金的土地);和molendinum(磨)。19世纪晚期对拉丁文字的评论坚持认为，所有这些部分的房地产都是利沃夫的每个历史学家都知道，这些拥护者Bertold stechher的房地产(Maly Vinyk别墅，allod Podpresk别墅和molendinum Schilzkikut别墅)在当代的Vynnyky镇附近，远离公元前13 -14世纪的利沃夫镇，彼此相距甚远。使用房地产追溯定位和系统标准方法的方法可以得出确凿的结论，即最初，Maria Snizhna教堂“laneus”靠近Stecher工厂，并且“laneus”将公爵的管辖权从Stecher定居点分开。Villa Maly Vinyk已更名为“Zamarstyniv”。所有这些地区构成了马格德堡统治下城镇的核心。利沃夫的市中心(城墙内的城镇)具有典型的中世纪空间城市形态，但一些具体的城市形态表明它始建于13世纪
{"title":"THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SPATIAL LOCATION OF LVIV IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 13TH CENTURY","authors":"Maryana Dolynska","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.039","url":null,"abstract":"The researches during the last 20 years have shown that there were some spatial features of Magdeburg (city) rule in that time. Primarily the structure of the town was similar to other Central or Western European towns: a castle (castrum, burg, grad, dytynets) and an extensive settlement (podil), the latter having no fortifications and being where merchants and craftsmen lived. The initial formation of the city territory based on the principles of the spatial location of the cities of the German law started around the 70-th years of 13 century – the times of rule of duke Lev.No research this period the author has applied the methodology of recreating the historical topography based on the retrospective comparison of the prestatictical sources and applying it to the historical maps of the period. The primary Lviv space of the 13th century was based on the real-estate of the first Lviv «advocatus», Bertold Stecher, and the «laneus» area of Maria Snizhna Church. (Laneus – medieval measure of area, the similar term «mansus»). The 1368th manuscript explained the German family Stecher received land from Duke Lev without being subject to any rent. This real-estate consisted of three parts; the villa (a house in the countryside); allod (the land owned andnot subject to any rent); and the molendinum (mill).After the late 19th-century comment to Latin text insisted that all of these parts of real-estate were Everyone of Lviv`s historians knows were sure these advocates Bertold Stecher`s real-estate (villa Maly Vinyk, allod Podpresk and molendinum Schilzkikut) were nearby contemporary town Vynnyky and far from 13th -14th cc. town of Lviv and far one from another.Using both the method of the retrospective location of real estate and systematic-criterion approach allows to made hard conclusion, that originally, the Maria Snizhna church «laneus» was near the Stecher mill and this «laneus» had divided the Duke`s jurisdiction from the Stecher settlement. Villa Maly Vinyk have changed its name to «Zamarstyniv ». All these real-estate parts constituted the core of the town of the Magdeburg rule. Lviv`s downtown (town within walls) has the typical Middle Age’s spatial urban form, but some specific of it shows it was founded in the 13th century","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124935862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.009
O. Anisimov
Reevaluation of Soviet heritage is a contested topic nowadays. At this moment debates are happening about the attempts to conserve the projects of High Modernism in the USSR of the 1970s and 1980s or even to designate them as heritage. In this article, however, the author attempts to reveal another dimension: postmodern architecture within the life span of the Soviet Union. The case discussed in the article is a housing estate “4blocks” located on the edge of the industrial zone in the Podil district in Kyiv, Ukraine. Podil area was spared from being rebuilt according to the modernist planning proposal in 1968. Afterwards, the district became a testing ground for experimental projects, part and parcel of which is the “4blocks” housing. One can perceive this project being a watershed between different periods of late modernism and postmodernism because of the specific architectural approach and the influence this project exerted on the following architectural production. In the article, the unique conditions which allowed the team of architects to work with unprecedented freedom are discussed. In what way did architects reflect on and use international influences in their projects? How did they work with the local peculiarities of landscape, materials, built environment and archaeology? The article also touches upon the topic of the change in approaches toward the historic urban areas in the late USSR. To highlight the parallels between local and international contexts and reflect on the resulting project the author uses the then-contemporary poststructuralist philosophy. Similarities of the concepts put forward by the philosophy in its critique of architectural Modernism and those used by the authors in “4blocks” is striking. One can conclude that Ukrainian Soviet architecture evolved into a variety of different styles in the mid-1980-s, and this project can be considered a vivid example of one of such styles, so-called postmodernism.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING POSTMODERNISM: NORTHERN BLOCKS OF PODIL","authors":"O. Anisimov","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000Reevaluation of Soviet heritage is a contested topic nowadays. At this moment debates are happening about the attempts to conserve the projects of High Modernism in the USSR of the 1970s and 1980s or even to designate them as heritage. In this article, however, the author attempts to reveal another dimension: postmodern architecture within the life span of the Soviet Union. The case discussed in the article is a housing estate “4blocks” located on the edge of the industrial zone in the Podil district in Kyiv, Ukraine. \u0000Podil area was spared from being rebuilt according to the modernist planning proposal in 1968. Afterwards, the district became a testing ground for experimental projects, part and parcel of which is the “4blocks” housing. One can perceive this project being a watershed between different periods of late modernism and postmodernism because of the specific architectural approach and the influence this project exerted on the following architectural production. In the article, the unique conditions which allowed the team of architects to work with unprecedented freedom are discussed. In what way did architects reflect on and use international influences in their projects? How did they work with the local peculiarities of landscape, materials, built environment and archaeology? \u0000The article also touches upon the topic of the change in approaches toward the historic urban areas in the late USSR. To highlight the parallels between local and international contexts and reflect on the resulting project the author uses the then-contemporary poststructuralist philosophy. Similarities of the concepts put forward by the philosophy in its critique of architectural Modernism and those used by the authors in “4blocks” is striking. One can conclude that Ukrainian Soviet architecture evolved into a variety of different styles in the mid-1980-s, and this project can be considered a vivid example of one of such styles, so-called postmodernism. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125593376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.047
Solomiya Hrebeniak, H. Shepel, Maryana Dolynska
Privilege 1352 - the first known document of Casimir III concerning the city of Lviv, issued to the descendants of the Lviv warrior Berthold and certifying the right to eternal possession of the estates.
{"title":"The privilege of King Casimir III on August 22, 1352 HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: HISTORICAL FLOOR, STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT, TRANSLATION, COMMENTS","authors":"Solomiya Hrebeniak, H. Shepel, Maryana Dolynska","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.047","url":null,"abstract":"Privilege 1352 - the first known document of Casimir III concerning the city of Lviv, issued to the descendants of the Lviv warrior Berthold and certifying the right to eternal possession of the estates.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.121
L. Savchenko, Mariya Takhtaulova
The article is divided into basic characteristics of the complex address urbanonymy historical research. This model has been realized in the M. Takhatulova dissertation research.The research is based on two lines: the first mechanisms naming, renaming and fixing toponyms’ have been characterized and the second urbanonym concept symbol for different historical periods have been analyzed. In the course of the work, the stages of formation and transformation of Kharkiv urbanonymic network have been defined: Empire period, Soviet period, Modern period. Based on previous achievements in the research field of urban toponymy, the authors propose their classification of urbanonim according to their source of nomination.Authors demonstrate the model’s universality and it can be used for other similar studies.
{"title":"BASE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UKRAINIAN CITY TOPONYMY HISTORICAL RESEARCH (THE KHARKIV CASE)","authors":"L. Savchenko, Mariya Takhtaulova","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.121","url":null,"abstract":"The article is divided into basic characteristics of the complex address urbanonymy historical research. This model has been realized in the M. Takhatulova dissertation research.The research is based on two lines: the first mechanisms naming, renaming and fixing toponyms’ have been characterized and the second urbanonym concept symbol for different historical periods have been analyzed. In the course of the work, the stages of formation and transformation of Kharkiv urbanonymic network have been defined: Empire period, Soviet period, Modern period. Based on previous achievements in the research field of urban toponymy, the authors propose their classification of urbanonim according to their source of nomination.Authors demonstrate the model’s universality and it can be used for other similar studies.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.083
I. Papa
This article deals with the concept of the periphery and its definition in the early 18th century. According to Peter Burke and his reflections in «History and Social theory», the known dichotomy «centre-periphery» (I. Wallerstein) can be employed in historical studies, not only in political or economic research. Therefore we aim to analyze the travel diary written by the Danish ambassador Just Juel within his diplomatic mission to Muscovy (1709–1711) and outline his main impressions and conclusions on the early-modern Russian cities and other «issues» (e.g. road infrastructure, economy, communication systems, architecture, food market) which later contribute to the image of Russia in the early modern epoch. This ego-narrative contains some prevailing views of Russia as the European periphery: distant, uncivilized, poorly connected with the rest of the continent, economically and politically underdeveloped country. Also, this travel account shapes peculiar Danish perception of the early-modern Petrine Russia and its location on the mental map.
本文论述了18世纪初的边缘概念及其定义。根据彼得·伯克(Peter Burke)及其在《历史与社会理论》(History and Social theory)中的反思，众所周知的“中心-边缘”二分法(I. Wallerstein)不仅可以用于政治或经济研究，还可以用于历史研究。因此，我们的目标是分析丹麦大使朱尔在其驻莫斯科外交使团(1709-1711)期间所写的旅行日记，并概述他对早期现代俄罗斯城市和其他“问题”(如道路基础设施、经济、通信系统、建筑、食品市场)的主要印象和结论，这些问题后来有助于俄罗斯在早期现代时代的形象。这种自我叙述包含了一些将俄罗斯视为欧洲外围的主流观点:遥远、不文明、与欧洲大陆其他地区联系不紧密、经济和政治不发达的国家。此外，这个旅行记录塑造了丹麦人对早期现代俄罗斯及其在心理地图上的位置的独特看法。
{"title":"“EN BY I RUSLAND”: DANISH TRAVELLER’S IDEA OF EARLY MODERN RUSSIA (Based on the travel diary of Just Juel, 1709–1711)","authors":"I. Papa","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.083","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the concept of the periphery and its definition in the early 18th century. According to Peter Burke and his reflections in «History and Social theory», the known dichotomy «centre-periphery» (I. Wallerstein) can be employed in historical studies, not only in political or economic research. Therefore we aim to analyze the travel diary written by the Danish ambassador Just Juel within his diplomatic mission to Muscovy (1709–1711) and outline his main impressions and conclusions on the early-modern Russian cities and other «issues» (e.g. road infrastructure, economy, communication systems, architecture, food market) which later contribute to the image of Russia in the early modern epoch. This ego-narrative contains some prevailing views of Russia as the European periphery: distant, uncivilized, poorly connected with the rest of the continent, economically and politically underdeveloped country. Also, this travel account shapes peculiar Danish perception of the early-modern Petrine Russia and its location on the mental map.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127397763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.15407/mics2019.06.067
T. Hoshko
The difficult international situation and the constant threat of war forced the king and nobility to pay special attention to the issues of state defence. The problem was often discussed at the Sejm sessions, including the question of the defence and order in the cities. Private and small towns, too, were not deprived of attention. Not only townspeople but also representatives of the nobility, first of all, starosta or vice-starosta were often made responsible for strengthening the defence capability of cities. The Sejms considered the building and strengthening of city walls, measures that would prevent their destruction, and providing cities with all necessary to counter hostile attacks. The Sejm constitutions not only exempted cities from some taxes so that the funds were used to strengthen the city walls but also protected them from the possible lawlessness of the nobility. The Sejms also prescribed the duties of the cities in the event of war and their involvement in the pospolite ruszenie. True, despite the difficult international situation, most of the Sejms’ resolutions were only addressed to individual cities. In practice, the issues of development and strengthening of cities did not rise in the Sejms systematically.
{"title":"THE ISSUES OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY OF RUTHENIAN CITIES IN THE SEJMS OF THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH IN THE 15TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY","authors":"T. Hoshko","doi":"10.15407/mics2019.06.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.067","url":null,"abstract":"The difficult international situation and the constant threat of war forced the king and nobility to pay special attention to the issues of state defence. The problem was often discussed at the Sejm sessions, including the question of the defence and order in the cities. Private and small towns, too, were not deprived of attention. Not only townspeople but also representatives of the nobility, first of all, starosta or vice-starosta were often made responsible for strengthening the defence capability of cities. The Sejms considered the building and strengthening of city walls, measures that would prevent their destruction, and providing cities with all necessary to counter hostile attacks. The Sejm constitutions not only exempted cities from some taxes so that the funds were used to strengthen the city walls but also protected them from the possible lawlessness of the nobility. The Sejms also prescribed the duties of the cities in the event of war and their involvement in the pospolite ruszenie. True, despite the difficult international situation, most of the Sejms’ resolutions were only addressed to individual cities. In practice, the issues of development and strengthening of cities did not rise in the Sejms systematically.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-08DOI: 10.15407/MICS2019.05.131
O. Musin
The article gives an analysis of the history of the reconstruction and building of iconic churches of Ukraine and Russia: the Church of the Tithes, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and the St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery, which are national shrines. The author offers the method of understanding of socio-political queries and evolution of historical memory embodied in architectural images and restoration ideas. It is substantiated that the process of reconstruction of destroyed temples reflects not so much to the religious renaissance in Eastern Europe, as the interests of the state and politicians in manipulating historical memory. An important factor is the interests of business and the ambitions of the creative intelligentsia. There is a contradiction between the ideology of reproduction as a new construction in the historic sense and the principles of scientific restoration, whose purpose is to preserve the authenticity of the monument as a means of attaching to the past. The newly-created dominants roughly invade the urban landscape that emerged during the twentieth century and causes disillusionment among the public. Similar buildings are regarded as «novodel» and «simulacres» and conflict with the understanding of national history and religious needs. The differences in the process of reproduction of temples in Ukraine and Russia are emphasized at the level of conceptual ideas, interests, expected and real results. They are explained by the difference between Russian political monopoly and Ukrainian social corporatism. The concept of «symmetrical restoration» and the religious-confessional neutrality of places of national memory as a factor of maintaining public peace and tranquillity is proposed and substantiated.
{"title":"HISTORICAL MEMORY IN URBAN SPACE: PARADOXES OF CHURCH AND POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL HOLY PLACES IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE","authors":"O. Musin","doi":"10.15407/MICS2019.05.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/MICS2019.05.131","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives an analysis of the history of the reconstruction and building of iconic churches of Ukraine and Russia: the Church of the Tithes, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and the St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery, which are national shrines. The author offers the method of understanding of socio-political queries and evolution of historical memory embodied in architectural images and restoration ideas. It is substantiated that the process of reconstruction of destroyed temples reflects not so much to the religious renaissance in Eastern Europe, as the interests of the state and politicians in manipulating historical memory. An important factor is the interests of business and the ambitions of the creative intelligentsia. There is a contradiction between the ideology of reproduction as a new construction in the historic sense and the principles of scientific restoration, whose purpose is to preserve the authenticity of the monument as a means of attaching to the past. The newly-created dominants roughly invade the urban landscape that emerged during the twentieth century and causes disillusionment among the public. Similar buildings are regarded as «novodel» and «simulacres» and conflict with the understanding of national history and religious needs. The differences in the process of reproduction of temples in Ukraine and Russia are emphasized at the level of conceptual ideas, interests, expected and real results. They are explained by the difference between Russian political monopoly and Ukrainian social corporatism. The concept of «symmetrical restoration» and the religious-confessional neutrality of places of national memory as a factor of maintaining public peace and tranquillity is proposed and substantiated.","PeriodicalId":287528,"journal":{"name":"City History, Culture, Society","volume":"9 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：