Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i1378
Jui-Teng Lin
Purpose: To update the accommodation mechanisms and propose a dual-wavelength, dual-function laser system for presbyopia and glaucoma treatments. Study Design: Laser sclera softening (LSS) for increased accommodation of presbyopic eyes. Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between Jan., 2023 and Feb., 2023. Methodology: Accommodation gain (AG) can be improved by: (i) thermal shrinkage of the scleral stroma and ciliary body, or (ii) softening of the scleral stroma (with temperature range of 700C to 900C), such that the the lens front and back curvature change (or lens thickening), leading to the thickening of ciliary body and its apex, and the increase of the space of ciliary body and lens equation (SCL), and the length of the posterior vitreal zonules (PVZ) increases. Results: A novel dual-color laser system having wavelength A and B, acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, where laser-A has a deep thermal penetration the sclera and ciliary body (CB) (0.5 to 1.0 mm); and laser-B has a shallow penetration depth in the sclera (0.3 to 0.5 mm), based on the optical property of the sclera. Laser-A (having a wavelength about0.8 to 0.98 um) leads to thermal shrinkage of the ciliary body such that the CLS is increased for accommodation gain which is much more effective than the prior art. Conclusion: The increase of AG can be achieved by scleral softening and ciliary body shrinkage which increase the SCL. A proposed novel dual-color laser system acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, could provide higher AG than that of single wavelength, or prior arts using scleral ablation. However, further clinical studies are required to justified the proposed novel system with predicted advantages and efficacy based on the optical properties of sclera.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-wavelength, Dual-function Laser System for Presbyopia and Glaucoma Treatments","authors":"Jui-Teng Lin","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i1378","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To update the accommodation mechanisms and propose a dual-wavelength, dual-function laser system for presbyopia and glaucoma treatments. \u0000Study Design: Laser sclera softening (LSS) for increased accommodation of presbyopic eyes. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between Jan., 2023 and Feb., 2023. \u0000Methodology: Accommodation gain (AG) can be improved by: (i) thermal shrinkage of the scleral stroma and ciliary body, or (ii) softening of the scleral stroma (with temperature range of 700C to 900C), such that the the lens front and back curvature change (or lens thickening), leading to the thickening of ciliary body and its apex, and the increase of the space of ciliary body and lens equation (SCL), and the length of the posterior vitreal zonules (PVZ) increases. \u0000Results: A novel dual-color laser system having wavelength A and B, acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, where laser-A has a deep thermal penetration the sclera and ciliary body (CB) (0.5 to 1.0 mm); and laser-B has a shallow penetration depth in the sclera (0.3 to 0.5 mm), based on the optical property of the sclera. Laser-A (having a wavelength about0.8 to 0.98 um) leads to thermal shrinkage of the ciliary body such that the CLS is increased for accommodation gain which is much more effective than the prior art. \u0000Conclusion: The increase of AG can be achieved by scleral softening and ciliary body shrinkage which increase the SCL. A proposed novel dual-color laser system acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, could provide higher AG than that of single wavelength, or prior arts using scleral ablation. However, further clinical studies are required to justified the proposed novel system with predicted advantages and efficacy based on the optical properties of sclera.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116515739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i1377
Abdurrahman Halima, U. Eze, Y. Suleiman, Emmanuel R. Aba, E. Samaila
Background: HIV and its complication AIDS was a source of serious public health concern that greeted the end of the 20th century. Being a multi-systemic disease, it was also associated with different forms of ocular morbidities of interest. Purpose: To determine the prevalence, patterns and determinants of HIV related eye diseases in patients attending anti-retroviral clinics in Katsina state, Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and twenty subjects met the inclusion criteria over a six month period. A questionnaire was administered for socio-demographic data, patients’ history, record review and a detailed ophthalmic examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Parametric and non-parametric assessments were used to assess the relationship of various factors with manifestation of HIV associated eye diseases. Results: Out of 220 respondents, 164 were females. The Male: Female was 1:2.9. The mean age was 28.5 years ± 14.83 SD. About 65.5% of respondents had eye diseases while 46.4% had HIV associated eye diseases. Prevalence of HIV associated eye diseases was found to be 46.4%. The most common types of eye diseases found were Kerato-conjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) 25.5%, conjunctivitis 5.5%, herpes zoster ophthalmicus 3.2%, anterior uveitis 2.7% and molluscum contagiosum 2.3%. Factors found to affect the manifestation of these eye diseases were CD4 cell count, WHO Clinical Stage of the disease and the Presence of eye symptoms. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of HIV associated eye disease. The Patient’s clinical/WHO stage, CD4 cell count and presence of ocular symptoms were shown to have significant association with the ocular manifestation.
背景:艾滋病毒及其并发症艾滋病是20世纪末引起严重公共卫生关注的一个问题。作为一种多系统疾病，它也与不同形式的眼部疾病有关。目的:确定在尼日利亚卡齐纳州抗逆转录病毒诊所就诊的患者中艾滋病毒相关眼病的患病率、模式和决定因素。方法:在6个月的时间里，220名受试者符合纳入标准。对社会人口统计数据、患者病史、记录回顾和详细的眼科检查进行问卷调查。数据分析采用SPSS version 20。采用参数评价和非参数评价方法评价各因素与HIV相关眼病表现的关系。结果:在220名受访者中，有164名是女性。男:女:1:9 .9。平均年龄28.5岁±14.83 SD。约65.5%的受访者患有眼病，46.4%的受访者患有艾滋病相关眼病。HIV相关眼病的患病率为46.4%。最常见的眼病类型为:角结膜炎(KCS) 25.5%，结膜炎5.5%，带状疱疹眼炎3.2%，前葡萄膜炎2.7%，传染性软疣2.3%。影响这些眼病表现的因素有CD4细胞计数、疾病的WHO临床分期和眼部症状的存在。结论:本研究显示HIV相关眼病的高流行率。患者的临床/WHO分期、CD4细胞计数和眼部症状的存在与眼部表现有显著关联。
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of HIV Related Eye in Patients Attending Anti-retroviral Therapy Clinic in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Abdurrahman Halima, U. Eze, Y. Suleiman, Emmanuel R. Aba, E. Samaila","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i1377","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV and its complication AIDS was a source of serious public health concern that greeted the end of the 20th century. Being a multi-systemic disease, it was also associated with different forms of ocular morbidities of interest. \u0000Purpose: To determine the prevalence, patterns and determinants of HIV related eye diseases in patients attending anti-retroviral clinics in Katsina state, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Two hundred and twenty subjects met the inclusion criteria over a six month period. A questionnaire was administered for socio-demographic data, patients’ history, record review and a detailed ophthalmic examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Parametric and non-parametric assessments were used to assess the relationship of various factors with manifestation of HIV associated eye diseases. \u0000Results: Out of 220 respondents, 164 were females. The Male: Female was 1:2.9. The mean age was 28.5 years ± 14.83 SD. About 65.5% of respondents had eye diseases while 46.4% had HIV associated eye diseases. Prevalence of HIV associated eye diseases was found to be 46.4%. The most common types of eye diseases found were Kerato-conjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) 25.5%, conjunctivitis 5.5%, herpes zoster ophthalmicus 3.2%, anterior uveitis 2.7% and molluscum contagiosum 2.3%. Factors found to affect the manifestation of these eye diseases were CD4 cell count, WHO Clinical Stage of the disease and the Presence of eye symptoms. \u0000Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of HIV associated eye disease. The Patient’s clinical/WHO stage, CD4 cell count and presence of ocular symptoms were shown to have significant association with the ocular manifestation. ","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116857054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i1376
A. Abounaceur, J. A. Elhaj, K. El-Hamraoui, A. Mchachi, L. Benhmidoune, R. Rachid, M. El-Belhadji
Background: Orbital cellulitis is defined as acute inflammatory orbital swelling of infectious origin. Most often secondary to sinusitis. Intraocular foreign bodies neglected because of their small size, or sometimes radio-transparent nature, can be difficult to diagnose even with radiology and be responsible for orbital cellulitis. We demonstrate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with unilateral orbital cellulitis revealing neglected intraocular foreign bodies, conducted in the Department of Adult Ophthalmology, Hospital August 20, 1953, involving 58 patients, from January 2015 until December 2020. Results: The average age of the patients was 38.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years with a clear male predominance. A decrease in visual acuity was found in all patients (unilateral blindness 43%) and a cellulitis complicated by a purulent melt (43%). All patients received medical treatment, including intravitreal injections of antibiotics in 71% of cases, and surgical treatment consisting of extraction of the foreign body and immediate evisceration of the eyeball in 25% of cases. Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis, although mostly secondary to sinusitis, can reveal various etiologies such as intra-orbital foreign bodies that can go unnoticed and be life-threatening and functionally damaging, especially when the diagnosis is made late and management is inappropriate. The presence of an intraocular foreign body must be suspected in all cases of orbital trauma associated with a palpebral wound, even if it is minimal, or in the presence of a clinical aggravation. Any delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to serious complications that can affect the functional and even vital prognosis. The surgical treatment consists of the extraction of the foreign body. The recourse to evisceration in our context unfortunately continues to persist at high rates; because of the delay of consultation and thus of the management.
{"title":"Cases of Orbital Cellulitis Revealing Neglected Intraocular Foreign Bodies","authors":"A. Abounaceur, J. A. Elhaj, K. El-Hamraoui, A. Mchachi, L. Benhmidoune, R. Rachid, M. El-Belhadji","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i1376","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orbital cellulitis is defined as acute inflammatory orbital swelling of infectious origin. Most often secondary to sinusitis. Intraocular foreign bodies neglected because of their small size, or sometimes radio-transparent nature, can be difficult to diagnose even with radiology and be responsible for orbital cellulitis. We demonstrate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. \u0000Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with unilateral orbital cellulitis revealing neglected intraocular foreign bodies, conducted in the Department of Adult Ophthalmology, Hospital August 20, 1953, involving 58 patients, from January 2015 until December 2020. \u0000Results: The average age of the patients was 38.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years with a clear male predominance. A decrease in visual acuity was found in all patients (unilateral blindness 43%) and a cellulitis complicated by a purulent melt (43%). All patients received medical treatment, including intravitreal injections of antibiotics in 71% of cases, and surgical treatment consisting of extraction of the foreign body and immediate evisceration of the eyeball in 25% of cases. \u0000Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis, although mostly secondary to sinusitis, can reveal various etiologies such as intra-orbital foreign bodies that can go unnoticed and be life-threatening and functionally damaging, especially when the diagnosis is made late and management is inappropriate. The presence of an intraocular foreign body must be suspected in all cases of orbital trauma associated with a palpebral wound, even if it is minimal, or in the presence of a clinical aggravation. Any delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to serious complications that can affect the functional and even vital prognosis. The surgical treatment consists of the extraction of the foreign body. The recourse to evisceration in our context unfortunately continues to persist at high rates; because of the delay of consultation and thus of the management.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i1375
C. Basdekidou
Problem: Awareness of children, who experience movement, particularly motor coordination difficulties, has increased dramatically over the last ten years. These motor coordination problems of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or/and Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been frequently associated with poor visual and spatial eye-vision processing. Background: Motor control difficulties for DCD and ADHD children have been discussed in detail. However, just a little is known about the influence of the natural environment on these disorders. Even more, the built environment’s impact as a spatial cognition and coordination functionality has never been considered. Aim: This pilot and innovative study aim to identify the correlation between and evaluate the visual contribution of the so-called “spatial compound linear geometries” and DCD children’s motor/walking control. Methodology: Twenty children aged 5 to 8 years with DCD difficulties (two intervention groups, one with 10 boys and the other one with 10 girls) were assessed by a statistical structural evaluation in three built environments (two urban parks and one pocket park), under two conditions (rich or not in trees, flora, and PnP linear geometries), and different motor coordination control situations (static balance, dynamic balances, dark condition). Results: The worst performances (regarding movement disorders and motor coordination problems) were observed for both groups with DCD children playing in parks poor in or without trees, flora, and spatial compound linear geometries. Instead, a significant performance (strong statistical correlation) was found for the same intervention group (DCD children’s boys or girls) playing in parks rich in trees, flora, and vegetation (natural environment). The best performance (very strong statistical correlation) was detected in parks rich in a natural environment and linear geometries. Conclusions: While the natural environment contribution is bibliographically known, the best performance finding of the visual contribution of the spatial compound linear geometries, as spatial landmarks enriching the visual-spatial motor/walking functionalities for Children with DCD disorder, could provide new cognitive approaches towards an understanding of children’s Developmental Coordination Disorder and walking physiology. DCD children’s performance, scores, and cues were related to both the natural environment and the spatial compound linear geometries as spatial landmark motor coordination cues and spatio-temporal clues. The significant variability in sensory processing among children with DCD, ADHD, and co-occurring symptoms can contribute to understanding how neurological and social factors correlate across diagnoses. Also, derived observations for stepping errors, Gait analysis (variables), and spatio-temporal clues conclude that visual eye-based processing interrelates with motor coordination problems, performance,
{"title":"Visual Contribution to Motor Skill DCD Disorders & Walking Physiology Using Spatial Cognition and Linear Geometries as Landmark Coordination Cues","authors":"C. Basdekidou","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i1375","url":null,"abstract":"Problem: Awareness of children, who experience movement, particularly motor coordination difficulties, has increased dramatically over the last ten years. These motor coordination problems of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or/and Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been frequently associated with poor visual and spatial eye-vision processing. \u0000Background: Motor control difficulties for DCD and ADHD children have been discussed in detail. However, just a little is known about the influence of the natural environment on these disorders. Even more, the built environment’s impact as a spatial cognition and coordination functionality has never been considered. \u0000Aim: This pilot and innovative study aim to identify the correlation between and evaluate the visual contribution of the so-called “spatial compound linear geometries” and DCD children’s motor/walking control. \u0000Methodology: Twenty children aged 5 to 8 years with DCD difficulties (two intervention groups, one with 10 boys and the other one with 10 girls) were assessed by a statistical structural evaluation in three built environments (two urban parks and one pocket park), under two conditions (rich or not in trees, flora, and PnP linear geometries), and different motor coordination control situations (static balance, dynamic balances, dark condition). \u0000Results: The worst performances (regarding movement disorders and motor coordination problems) were observed for both groups with DCD children playing in parks poor in or without trees, flora, and spatial compound linear geometries. Instead, a significant performance (strong statistical correlation) was found for the same intervention group (DCD children’s boys or girls) playing in parks rich in trees, flora, and vegetation (natural environment). The best performance (very strong statistical correlation) was detected in parks rich in a natural environment and linear geometries. \u0000Conclusions: While the natural environment contribution is bibliographically known, the best performance finding of the visual contribution of the spatial compound linear geometries, as spatial landmarks enriching the visual-spatial motor/walking functionalities for Children with DCD disorder, could provide new cognitive approaches towards an understanding of children’s Developmental Coordination Disorder and walking physiology. DCD children’s performance, scores, and cues were related to both the natural environment and the spatial compound linear geometries as spatial landmark motor coordination cues and spatio-temporal clues. The significant variability in sensory processing among children with DCD, ADHD, and co-occurring symptoms can contribute to understanding how neurological and social factors correlate across diagnoses. Also, derived observations for stepping errors, Gait analysis (variables), and spatio-temporal clues conclude that visual eye-based processing interrelates with motor coordination problems, performance, ","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i1374
G. Kangilbaeva, F. Bakhritdinova, B. Oralov, A. Jurabekova
Aims: To study the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy by tanakan endonasal electrophoresis according to functional and hemodynamic data. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, clinic of Tashkent Medical Academy, between 2017 and 2020. Methodology: We included 66 patients (123 eyes), 23 men and 43 women; age range 18-75 years with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: to receive daily tablets of Tanakan (control), or daily endonasal electrophoresis of Tanakan (main) within ten days. Before and after the course of therapy, the patients underwent determination of visual acuity, Doppler ultrasound imaging of the eye and computer static perimetry. Results: Improvements in visual acuity were observed in 87,3% of the main group patients, and in 22% of the control group. Statistically significant increase in blood flow velocity and a decrease in the resistance index were observed in the main group (P < 0.05). Retinal photosensitivity increased by 22% in the main group, and by 10% in the control group. The mean deviation from the age norm decreased by 33% in the main group and by 12% in the control group. Among the patients of the main group, 30% experienced a decrease in absolute scotomas and 100% in relative scotomas. Among the patients of the control group, 21% and 83% experienced a decrease in absolute and relative scotomas, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment with tanakan endonasal electrophoresis significantly improved visual acuity, eye hemodynamics, and retinal photosensitivity. This treatment is more effective than the traditional use of ginkgo- biloba tablets.
{"title":"Functional and Hemodynamic Efficacy of Non-Poliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment by Endonasal Electrophoresis of Tanakan","authors":"G. Kangilbaeva, F. Bakhritdinova, B. Oralov, A. Jurabekova","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i1374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i1374","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To study the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy by tanakan endonasal electrophoresis according to functional and hemodynamic data. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative analysis. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, clinic of Tashkent Medical Academy, between 2017 and 2020. \u0000Methodology: We included 66 patients (123 eyes), 23 men and 43 women; age range 18-75 years with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: to receive daily tablets of Tanakan (control), or daily endonasal electrophoresis of Tanakan (main) within ten days. Before and after the course of therapy, the patients underwent determination of visual acuity, Doppler ultrasound imaging of the eye and computer static perimetry. \u0000Results: Improvements in visual acuity were observed in 87,3% of the main group patients, and in 22% of the control group. Statistically significant increase in blood flow velocity and a decrease in the resistance index were observed in the main group (P < 0.05). Retinal photosensitivity increased by 22% in the main group, and by 10% in the control group. The mean deviation from the age norm decreased by 33% in the main group and by 12% in the control group. Among the patients of the main group, 30% experienced a decrease in absolute scotomas and 100% in relative scotomas. Among the patients of the control group, 21% and 83% experienced a decrease in absolute and relative scotomas, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Treatment with tanakan endonasal electrophoresis significantly improved visual acuity, eye hemodynamics, and retinal photosensitivity. This treatment is more effective than the traditional use of ginkgo- biloba tablets.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129084714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-24DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v17i4373
Eman Salah Abbass, Ahmed F Elmaria, H. Hasby, T. Eid
Background: Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in infancy. It manifests within the first few years of life and is not associated with any other systemic or ocular abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma at Tanta University Eye Hospital. Methods: The study was prospective interventional on 60 eyes of 36 infants and children who presented between December 2018 to March 2021 at Tanta University Eye Hospital in Egypt. All patients were presented with primary congenital glaucoma and were managed according to specific diagnostic, therapeutic and follow up regimen. Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were recorded, and results were studied. Results: The mean of age±SD (range) at first presentation was 11.33±21.76 (0.5-120) months and of follow-up period was 7.85±2.71 (4-13) months. The mean of pre-operative IOP, corneal diameter, C/D ratio and AxL was 24.1±5.9 (12–41.5) mmHg, 12.97±0.69 (11–14.5) mm, 0.57±0.18 (0.2–0.9) and 21.87±1.28 (19.1–26.8) mm respectively, and post-operatively was 14.4±3.09 (8.5–20.5) mmHg, 12.71±0.89 (11–14.5) mm, 0.48±0.22 (0.2–1) and 22.16±1.53 (19–25.9) mm respectively. Surgical interventions included 1ry surgeries (trabeculotomy in 21 eyes and CTT with MMC in 39 eyes), 2ry surgeries (CTT with MMC in four eyes) and 3ry surgery (Ahmed valve implantation in one eye). Complete success was achieved in 38 eyes (63.3%) and qualified success in 22 eyes (36.7%). Conclusions: The current protocol applied at Tanta University Eye Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma proved efficacy and safety. Primary surgical intervention in the form of trabeculotomy (for mild cases) and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with MMC (for moderate to advanced cases) is a successful regimen for management of these eyes.
{"title":"Evaluation of a Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Tanta University Eye Hospital","authors":"Eman Salah Abbass, Ahmed F Elmaria, H. Hasby, T. Eid","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v17i4373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v17i4373","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in infancy. It manifests within the first few years of life and is not associated with any other systemic or ocular abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma at Tanta University Eye Hospital. \u0000Methods: The study was prospective interventional on 60 eyes of 36 infants and children who presented between December 2018 to March 2021 at Tanta University Eye Hospital in Egypt. All patients were presented with primary congenital glaucoma and were managed according to specific diagnostic, therapeutic and follow up regimen. Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were recorded, and results were studied. \u0000Results: The mean of age±SD (range) at first presentation was 11.33±21.76 (0.5-120) months and of follow-up period was 7.85±2.71 (4-13) months. The mean of pre-operative IOP, corneal diameter, C/D ratio and AxL was 24.1±5.9 (12–41.5) mmHg, 12.97±0.69 (11–14.5) mm, 0.57±0.18 (0.2–0.9) and 21.87±1.28 (19.1–26.8) mm respectively, and post-operatively was 14.4±3.09 (8.5–20.5) mmHg, 12.71±0.89 (11–14.5) mm, 0.48±0.22 (0.2–1) and 22.16±1.53 (19–25.9) mm respectively. Surgical interventions included 1ry surgeries (trabeculotomy in 21 eyes and CTT with MMC in 39 eyes), 2ry surgeries (CTT with MMC in four eyes) and 3ry surgery (Ahmed valve implantation in one eye). Complete success was achieved in 38 eyes (63.3%) and qualified success in 22 eyes (36.7%). \u0000Conclusions: The current protocol applied at Tanta University Eye Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma proved efficacy and safety. Primary surgical intervention in the form of trabeculotomy (for mild cases) and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with MMC (for moderate to advanced cases) is a successful regimen for management of these eyes.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115510675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-03DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v17i4372
Masautso Chikuse, T. Mzumara, J. Afonne
Aim: The study aimed to examine the distribution of Accommodative Facility (AF) and Amplitude of Accommodation (AA) and compare the findings with established guidelines. Place and Duration of Study: Mzuzu University, Malawi. Between May and July 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Mzuzu university in Malawi. We recruited 77 students using a stratified random sampling technique. The participants' age ranged from 16 to 35 years of age. We measured AA using the push-up method while AF was measured using +/- 1.50 Diopters (D) flippers. Both techniques utilized black reading material on white background held at 40 centimeters (cm). Next, we measured the accommodation facility by counting the number of Cycles per Minute (c/m). We utilized the Pearson correlation test and the One-way ANOVA where appropriate. The value of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participants comprised 44 (57.1%) males and 33 (42.9%) females. Monocular AA was 10.04D (SD=2.71) and Binocular AA was 10.51 (3.641). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). While Monocular AF and Binocular AF were 9 c/m (SD= SD=1.84) and 8.96 (SD=1.539) respectively but the difference was non-significant (p=0.868). AF and AA were not significantly different between males and females. All the parameters decreased with age. The measured AA was significantly higher than using Hofstetter’s formula. Conclusion: The study provides a cut-off value for practitioners diagnosing Accommodation anomalies. However, indices in the study differ from the well-established guidelines hence practitioners should endeavor to perform the clinical assessment instead of relying on equations.
{"title":"Establishing Normative Values for Amplitude of Accommodation and Accommodative Facility among University Students in Malawi","authors":"Masautso Chikuse, T. Mzumara, J. Afonne","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v17i4372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v17i4372","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aimed to examine the distribution of Accommodative Facility (AF) and Amplitude of Accommodation (AA) and compare the findings with established guidelines. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Mzuzu University, Malawi. Between May and July 2022. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Mzuzu university in Malawi. We recruited 77 students using a stratified random sampling technique. The participants' age ranged from 16 to 35 years of age. We measured AA using the push-up method while AF was measured using +/- 1.50 Diopters (D) flippers. Both techniques utilized black reading material on white background held at 40 centimeters (cm). Next, we measured the accommodation facility by counting the number of Cycles per Minute (c/m). We utilized the Pearson correlation test and the One-way ANOVA where appropriate. The value of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: The participants comprised 44 (57.1%) males and 33 (42.9%) females. Monocular AA was 10.04D (SD=2.71) and Binocular AA was 10.51 (3.641). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). While Monocular AF and Binocular AF were 9 c/m (SD= SD=1.84) and 8.96 (SD=1.539) respectively but the difference was non-significant (p=0.868). AF and AA were not significantly different between males and females. All the parameters decreased with age. The measured AA was significantly higher than using Hofstetter’s formula. \u0000Conclusion: The study provides a cut-off value for practitioners diagnosing Accommodation anomalies. However, indices in the study differ from the well-established guidelines hence practitioners should endeavor to perform the clinical assessment instead of relying on equations.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124344694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v17i4371
C. Basdekidou
Problem: Bird migration (eye): Georeferencing procedure with clues, rules, functionalities, and restrictions, for avian navigation and nest nidification. Literature Knowledge: Computer vision (sensor): Robot self-referencing with the Perspective-n- Point pose estimation technique. Aim: Hypothesis introduction and proving (“The birds also follow the same georeferencing procedure like robots in avian navigation and nest nidification”). Methodology: (a) Reference data, images, and photography acquisition and 4-means layering (eBird dataset, Flickr imagery, CORINE land covering, and Volunteered Geographic Information); (b) Image processing; and (c) GIS spatial overlay analysis. Results: Statistical spatial analysis using data of the GIS overlays (the 4 layers). Correlation matrix (Avian navigation and nest nidification in low-density urban areas as these are affected by spatial linear geometries and land cover types). Conclusion: A statistically satisfactory approach to the introduced hypothesis. Potential Applications: Human spatial cognition and movement behavior; Children’s motor control and coordination.
{"title":"Bird Migration with Visual Avian Navigation & Nest Nidification: The Spatial Linear Geometries Georeferencing Functionality","authors":"C. Basdekidou","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v17i4371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v17i4371","url":null,"abstract":"Problem: Bird migration (eye): Georeferencing procedure with clues, rules, functionalities, and restrictions, for avian navigation and nest nidification. \u0000Literature Knowledge: Computer vision (sensor): Robot self-referencing with the Perspective-n- Point pose estimation technique. \u0000Aim: Hypothesis introduction and proving (“The birds also follow the same georeferencing procedure like robots in avian navigation and nest nidification”). \u0000Methodology: (a) Reference data, images, and photography acquisition and 4-means layering (eBird dataset, Flickr imagery, CORINE land covering, and Volunteered Geographic Information); \u0000(b) Image processing; and (c) GIS spatial overlay analysis. \u0000Results: Statistical spatial analysis using data of the GIS overlays (the 4 layers). Correlation matrix (Avian navigation and nest nidification in low-density urban areas as these are affected by spatial linear geometries and land cover types). \u0000Conclusion: A statistically satisfactory approach to the introduced hypothesis. \u0000Potential Applications: Human spatial cognition and movement behavior; Children’s motor control and coordination.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132484649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v17i4370
S. Suman, Arushi Kumar, H. U. Rathod, V. K. Pal
Trauma involving the eye, orbital and periorbital regions are commonly seen in cases of road traffic accidents, sports injuries and physical assaults, but cases of intraorbital / periorbital foreign bodies are rare. Early presentation, history of trauma, and imaging help in diagnosis. However, sometimes the diagnosis is missed, particularly in cases with late presentation and a vague history of minor trauma and trauma with a non-metallic foreign body. A missed foreign body may present later with infection, repeated inflammation, ptosis, and proptosis and motility defect, further complicating the management. Here, we present a case of missed foreign body during the primary repair of facial injury in a 32-year male with polytrauma sustained in a road traffic accident. Evidence of foreign body was reported in a CT scan head advised for head injury. Re-exploration of wound and removal of foreign body is performed under local anaesthesia.
{"title":"A Missed Periorbital Foreign Body","authors":"S. Suman, Arushi Kumar, H. U. Rathod, V. K. Pal","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v17i4370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v17i4370","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma involving the eye, orbital and periorbital regions are commonly seen in cases of road traffic accidents, sports injuries and physical assaults, but cases of intraorbital / periorbital foreign bodies are rare. Early presentation, history of trauma, and imaging help in diagnosis. However, sometimes the diagnosis is missed, particularly in cases with late presentation and a vague history of minor trauma and trauma with a non-metallic foreign body. A missed foreign body may present later with infection, repeated inflammation, ptosis, and proptosis and motility defect, further complicating the management. \u0000Here, we present a case of missed foreign body during the primary repair of facial injury in a 32-year male with polytrauma sustained in a road traffic accident. Evidence of foreign body was reported in a CT scan head advised for head injury. Re-exploration of wound and removal of foreign body is performed under local anaesthesia.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133978101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v17i4369
O. Otuka, L. Eweputanna, A. Kalu, N. C. Ekeleme, E. Iwuoha, N. Kizor-Akaraiwe, J. Ubah
Background: Uncorrected refractive errors (RE) are a major cause of visual impairment. They affect a large proportion of the population globally and have psychological and socio-economic effects on the individual, family and society. They could lead to poor quality of life. Aim: To determine the pattern and predisposing factors of refractive errors among patients seen in the outpatient clinic. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving patients with refractive error that presented to the eye clinic in the year 2017. Data were obtained from patients’ records, entered into and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 300 patients with refractive errors were seen in the period of study. This comprised of 93 males and 207 females with mean age of 40.13±17.6 years. The commonest presenting complaint was blurring of both far & near vision (24%), other presenting complaints in decreasing order of frequency were blurring of distant vision, itching, blurring of near vision, eye pain, headache and red eyes in 18%,15%, 9.6%, 5.6%, and 3.2% respectively. Presbyopia was noted in 55.3% while myopia, anisometropia, astigmatism and hypermetropia were noted in 20.7%, 19.3%, 7.0% and 1.3% respectively. Nuclear sclerosis was the commonest co-existing ocular pathology or morbidity. Statistically significant association was found between age of the patients and presence of ocular disease existing with RE (p=0.016). Conclusion: Fifty-one percent of the study population had refractive errors. The commonest refractive error was myopia while hypermetropia was the least common refractive error in this environment.
背景:未矫正屈光不正(RE)是造成视力损害的主要原因。它们影响到全球很大一部分人口，并对个人、家庭和社会产生心理和社会经济影响。它们可能导致生活质量低下。目的:了解门诊屈光不正患者屈光不正的类型及诱发因素。方法:一项横断面描述性研究，涉及2017年眼科诊所就诊的屈光不正患者。数据从患者记录中获取，使用IBM SPSS version 25进行录入和分析。结果:本研究共观察屈光不正患者300例。其中男性93例，女性207例，平均年龄40.13±17.6岁。最常见的主诉是远近视力模糊(24%)，其他主诉依次为远视力模糊、瘙痒、近视力模糊、眼痛、头痛和红眼，分别占18%、15%、9.6%、5.6%和3.2%。老花眼占55.3%，近视、参差、散光和远视分别占20.7%、19.3%、7.0%和1.3%。核硬化是最常见的并存眼病理或发病率。患者的年龄与眼疾的存在有统计学意义(p=0.016)。结论:51%的研究人群有屈光不正。最常见的屈光不正是近视，而远视是最不常见的屈光不正。
{"title":"Pattern of Refractive Errors in a Tertiary Hospital in South East, Nigeria","authors":"O. Otuka, L. Eweputanna, A. Kalu, N. C. Ekeleme, E. Iwuoha, N. Kizor-Akaraiwe, J. Ubah","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v17i4369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v17i4369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uncorrected refractive errors (RE) are a major cause of visual impairment. They affect a large proportion of the population globally and have psychological and socio-economic effects on the individual, family and society. They could lead to poor quality of life. \u0000Aim: To determine the pattern and predisposing factors of refractive errors among patients seen in the outpatient clinic. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving patients with refractive error that presented to the eye clinic in the year 2017. Data were obtained from patients’ records, entered into and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. \u0000Results: A total of 300 patients with refractive errors were seen in the period of study. This comprised of 93 males and 207 females with mean age of 40.13±17.6 years. The commonest presenting complaint was blurring of both far & near vision (24%), other presenting complaints in decreasing order of frequency were blurring of distant vision, itching, blurring of near vision, eye pain, headache and red eyes in 18%,15%, 9.6%, 5.6%, and 3.2% respectively. Presbyopia was noted in 55.3% while myopia, anisometropia, astigmatism and hypermetropia were noted in 20.7%, 19.3%, 7.0% and 1.3% respectively. Nuclear sclerosis was the commonest co-existing ocular pathology or morbidity. \u0000Statistically significant association was found between age of the patients and presence of ocular disease existing with RE (p=0.016). \u0000Conclusion: Fifty-one percent of the study population had refractive errors. The commonest refractive error was myopia while hypermetropia was the least common refractive error in this environment.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115654716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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